The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty (66 page)

3
.     The text is taken from Abu-Manneh,
The Husaynis
. He bases it on the Jerusalem
sijjilat
. It stands to reason that the
sijjil
did not record precisely the things that had been said, but I presume this is a reasonable reconstruction of the exchange, if indeed it was said.

4
.     The Jerusalem
Sijjil
, vol. 269, document 92, pp. 102–4, 1203
hijjra
(1788). I wish to thank Dr Mahmoud Yazbak, who guided me in working on these documents in the Haram.

5
.     This passage is reconstructed with the help of a genealogical tree given to Philip Mattar by Dr Mahmoud al-Naqib al-Husayni, Amin’s physician and relative. See P. Mattar,
The Mufti of Jerusalem
, New York 1988, p. 6, note 23. See also M. Khadduri,
Arab Contemporaries: The Role of Personalities in Politics
, Baltimore 1973, p. 69; G. al-Jabarti,
The Wonders of Biographies and Chronicles
, Cairo 1879, vol. 1, pp. 374–5 (Arabic).

6
.     Quoted in al-Asali,
Jerusalem
, p. 38.

7
.     Al-Muradi,
Guide
, vol. 3, p. 90.

8
.     On Dahir al-Umar, see U. Heyd,
Daher al-Umar
, Jerusalem 1963; C. P. Volney,
Travels in Syria and Egypt in the years 1783, 1784 and 1785
, London 1787. Other sources used as background are M. N. al-Dabagh,
The History of Shaykh Dahir al-Umar al-Zaydani
, Harisa 1927 (Arabic); B. Doumani,
Rediscovering Palestine
, Berkeley 1995, pp. 95–7; and Thomas Philipp,
Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730–1831
, New York 2001.

9
.     On al-Umar’s wish to occupy Jerusalem, see A. Cohen,
Palestine
, p. 92. I assume that not only the family had thought to contact al-Umar.

10
.      This description is based on documents in A. Cohen, A. Simon-Picali and O. Salameh (eds),
Jews in the Muslim Court
, Jerusalem 1996, pp. 14, 163 (Hebrew).

11
.      Based on the biography of the family as it appears in H. A. Abd al-Latif,
The Jerusalemite Biographies in the 12th Hijjra Century
, no date (Arabic).

12
.   A. Rafeq,
The Province of Damascus
, Beirut 1970, p. 21.

13
.   Al-Asali,
Historical Documents from Jerusalem
, Amman 1989, vol. 3, p. 45 (Arabic). There he quotes in full from the
sijjil
of Jerusalem, vol. 271, p. 4, 1204
hijjra
. In page 48, note 31, al-Asali brings in the record in the
sijjil
and reports that in 1202
hijjra
, the governor of Damascus imposed an unregistered tax on the population of Jerusalem (
Sijjil
, vol. 269, p. 33). See also S. Pamuk, ‘Money in the Ottoman Empire’ in H. Inalcik (ed.),
An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914
, Cambridge 1994, pp. 966–7.

14
.   The funeral rites are described in K. Salibi and Y. K. Khoury (eds),
The Missionary Herald: Reports from Ottoman Syria, 1819–1870
, Washington 1991, p. 267.

15
.   Abu-Manneh dealt extensively with that period as well: Abu-Manneh,
The Husaynis
. Inspired by this article, others researchers as well as myself have read the manuscript of Abd al-Latif. See Abd al-Latif,
Biographies
.

16
.   At the end of the nineteenth century, the American consul reported that the genealogical tree was hung in the notables’ houses. See E. S. Wallace,
Holy Jerusalem
, New York 1898, p. 341.

17
.   In the following chapters, I used valuable information found in the biographical lexicon composed by Adel Manna. The information here is taken from A. Manna,
The Worthies of Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period
, Beirut 1995, p. 109 (Arabic).

18
.   Manna, ibid., p. 87. It is argued that Hassan was appointed as
mufti
in 1773.

19
.   Al-Asali,
Documents
, p. 34, document 19; the proclamation of the Damascus governor, the Shari‘a court
sijjilat
of Jerusalem, vol. 271, p. 56, 1201
hijjra
(1789).

20
.   Ibid., p. 34, document 20;
Sijjil
, vol. 287, p. 41, 1211
hijjra
(1797).

21
.   Ibid., p. 35, document 21;
Sijjil
, vol. 287, p. 70.

22
.   Ibid., p. 33, document 17. According to Abu-Manneh, the decision on the name was taken in 1790. Abu-Manneh,
The Husaynis
.

23
.   Ibid.

24
.   Manna,
Worthies
, p. 87.

25
.   Al-Asali,
Documents
, p. 53, document 38:
Sijjil
, vol. 272, pp. 7–8, 1205
hijjra
(1790). The document mentions Saliyat bint Khalil, a Mutawali (appointed) woman for the endowment (
waqf
). See also ibid., p. 83,
Sijjil
, vol. 270, p. 118, document 60:
Sijjil
, vol. 270, p. 118, 1204
hijjra
(1789).

26
.   Cohen, Simon-Picaly, Salameh,
Jews
, pp. 111, 163.

27
.   
Sijjil
Jerusalem, vol. 267, p. 3, 1200
hijjra
(1785).

28
.   A. Shihabi,
The History of Ahmad Pasha Al-Jazzar
, Beirut, no date (Arabic).

29
.   Manna,
Worthies
, pp. 104–8.

30
.   We do not posses confirmed information on the Husaynis in this context. But in the
sijjil
, the reference is to the
A‘ayans
who were headed by the Husaynis. See al-Jabarti,
The Wonders
, vol. 3, pp. 527–8.

31
.   
Sijjil
Jaffa, vol. 15, 1216
hijjra
(al-Muharram 1801). I wish to thank Dr Said Hassan for providing me with copies from the
sijjil
.

32
.   A. al-Awda,
The History of Suleyman Pasha the Noble
, Tyre 1936, pp. 77, 88–9 (Arabic).

33
.   
Sijjil
Jaffa, vol. 5, 1219
hijjra
(Safar 1804).

34
.   
Sijjil
Jaffa, vol. 29, 1219
hijjra
(Rajab 1804).

35
.   Al-Awda,
The History
, p. 83.

36
.   L. M. al-Yassui,
The History of Syria and Lebanon, 1782–1841
, Beirut 1912, p. 20 (Arabic).

37
.   Al-Asali,
Documents
, vol. 3, p. 38, document 25;
Sijjil
Jerusalem, vol. 293, p. 210, 1224
hijjra
(1809).

38
.   On al-Kanj’s camp see al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 309.

39
.   R. Curzon,
Visits to Monasteries in the Levant
, London 1851.

40
.   Al-Asali,
Documents
, p. 37, document 22;
Sijjil
Jerusalem, vol. 293, p. 210, 1224
hijjra
(1809).

41
.   This account of Tahir’s piety is derived from a fusion of what can be found on him in Abu-Manneh,
The Husaynis
, and the travelogues collected in al-Asali,
Jerusalem
.

CHAPTER TWO

1
.     Abu-Manneh
, The Husaynis
, p. 23, note 13.

2
.     Abu Nabut’s revolt is described in R. A. S. Macalister and E. W. G. Masterman, ‘Occasional Papers on the Modern Inhabitants of Palestine’,
The Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly
(1906), pp. 34–6. On al-Jazzar’s heirs, see al-Nimr,
The History
, vol. 1; al-Awda,
The History
; F. A. Chateaubriand,
Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem
, Paris 1811; and J. Crane,
Letters from the East
, New York 1996, p. 126.

3
.     G. Baer, ‘Jerusalem’s Families of Notables and the Waqf in the Early 19th Century’, in D. Kushner (ed.),
Palestine
, ibid., and B. Abu-Mannah ‘Jerusalem in the Tanzimat Period, the New Ottoman Administration and the Notables’,
Die Welt des Islams
, 30 (1990).

4
.     Al-Awda,
The History
, pp. 202–97.

5
.     Manna,
Worthies
, pp. 113–6.

6
.     This description appears in her husband’s book; see G. Belzoni,
Narrative of the Operations and Recent Discoveries in Egypt
, London 1882, p. 285.

7
.     Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 127. For a general article on the period, see Mordechai Abir, ‘Local Leadership and Early Reforms in Palestine, 1800–1834’ in Moshe Maoz (ed.),
Studies on Palestine in the Ottoman Period
, Magnes: Jersualem 1975, pp. 20–35.

8
.     Khoury,
The Missionary
, pp. 182–4.

9
.     Manna,
Worthies
, ibid.

10
.   S. N. Spyridon (ed.),
Annals of Palestine, 1821–1841: Manuscript of Monk Neophytos of Cyprus
, Jerusalem 1938, pp. 674–83.

11
.   Al-Arif,
Concise History
, p. 197.

12
.   B. Kimmerling and J. S. Migdal,
Palestinians: The Making of a People
, New York 1993, pp. 3–36.

13
.   Al-Dabagh,
The History
, vol. 10, part 2, p. 15.

14
.   Salibi and Khoury,
The Missionary
, vol. 1, pp. 395–7.