The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (229 page)

 1
. Leo Stein, I
Was in Hell with Niemoeller
, p. 80.

 2
. Neumann,
Behemoth
, p. 109. He states that the quotations are from the research project “Antisemitism” of the Institute of Social Research, published in
Studies in Philosophy and Social Science
, 1940.

 3
. Rauschning,
The Voice of Destruction
, p. 54.

 4
. Stewart W. Herman, Jr.,
It’s Your Souls We Want
, pp. 157–58. Herman was pastor of the American Church in Berlin from 1936 to 1941.

 5
. The text is given in Herman,
op. cit.
, pp. 297–300; also in the New York
Times of
Jan. 3, 1942.

 6
. Affidavit of Nov. 19, 1945,
NCA
, V, pp. 735–36 (N.D. 3016–PS).

 7
. Most foreign correspondents in Berlin kept a collection of such gems. My own has been lost. The quotations are from Philipp Lenard,
Deutsche Physik
, preface; Wallace Deuel,
People under Hitler;
William Ebenstein,
The Nazi State.

 8
. Wilhelm Roepke,
The Solution of the German Problem
, p. 61.

 9
. Quoted in Frederic Lilge’s
The Abuse of Learning: The Failure of the German University
, p. 170.

10
. Schirach’s American ancestry is given by Douglas M. Kelley, the American psychiatrist at the Nuremberg jail during the trial of the major war criminals, in his book,
22 Cells in Nuremberg
, pp. 86–87.

11
.
Reichsgesetzblatt
, 1936, Part 1, p. 933. Quoted in
NCA
, III, pp. 972–73 (N.D. 1392–PS).

12
. From his book,
Basic Facts for a History of German War and Armament Economy.
Quoted in
NCA
, I, p. 350 (N.D. 2353–PS).

13
. The ministry’s report of September 30, 1934,
NCA
, VII, pp. 306–9 (N.D. EC-128); Schacht’s report of May 3, 1935,
NCA
, III, pp. 827–30 (N.D. 1168–PS); text of the secret Reich Defense Law,
NCA
, IV, pp. 934–36 (N.D. 2261–PS).

14
.
NCA
, VII, p. 474 (N.D. EC-419).

15
. Thyssen,
I Paid Hitler
, pp. xv, 157.

16
. Quoted by Neumann in
Behemoth
, p. 432.

17
. Ebenstein,
op. cit.
, p. 84.

18
.
NCA
, III, pp. 568–72 (N.D. 787, 788–PS).

19
.
The Third Reich
, ed. by Baumont
et al.
, p. 630.

20
. Eugen Kogon’s phrase. See his
Der SS Staat—das System der deutschen Konzentrationslager.
A somewhat abridged version appeared in English,
The Theory and Practice of Hell.
It is the best study of Nazi concentration camps yet written. Kogon spent seven years in them.

21
. Quoted in
NCA
, II, p. 258 (N.D. 1852–PS).

22
.
NCA
, VIII, pp. 243–44 (N.D. R–142).

23
.
Voelkischer Beobachter
, May 20, 1936.

 1
. Friedelind Wagner,
Heritage of Fire
, p. 109.

 2
. Papen,
op. cit.
, p. 338.

 3
.
Daily Mail
, Aug. 6, 1934.

 4
.
Le Matin
, Nov. 18, 1934.

 5
. Wolfgang Foerster,
Ein General kaempft gegen den Krieg
, p. 22. This book is based on Beck’s papers.

 6
.
NCA
, VII, p. 333 (N.D. EC–177).

 7
.
NCA
, I, p. 431 (N.D. C–189).

 8
.
NCA
, VI, p. 1018 (N.D. C–190).

 9
.
Ibid.

10
.
TMWC
, XX, p.603.

11
.
My New Order
, ed. by Roussy de Sales, pp. 309–33. The text of the speech is also in Baynes, II, pp. 1218–47.

12
.
My New Order
, pp. 333–34.

13
. Pertinax,
The Grave Diggers of France,
p. 381.

14
. The author’s
Berlin Diary
, p. 43.

15
. François-Poncet,
op. cit.
, pp. 188–89.

16
.
NCA
, VI, pp. 951–52 (N.D. C–139), the text of the order. See also
TMWC
, XV, pp. 445–48.

17
.
NCA
, VII, pp. 454–55 (N.D. EC–405), minutes of the meeting.

18
.
NCA
, VI, pp. 974–76 (N.D. C–159).

19
.
TMWC
, XV, p. 252, for Jodl’s evidence;
Hitler’s Secret Conversations,
pp. 211–12, for Hitler’s figure.

20
. François-Poncet,
op. cit.
, p. 193.

21
.
Berlin Diary
, pp. 51–54.

22
. François-Poncet,
op. cit.
, p. 190.

23
.
Ibid.
, pp. 194–95.

24
.
TMWC
, XV, p. 352.

25
.
Hitler’s Secret Conversations,
pp. 211–12. Remarks of January 27, 1942.

26
. Paul Schmidt,
Hitler’s Interpreter
, p. 41.

27
.
TMWC
, XV, p. 352.

28
.
TMWC
, XXI, p. 22.

29
.
Hitler’s Secret Conversations,
p. 211.

30
. Quoted by François-Poncet,
op. cit.
, p. 196.

31
.
NCA
, VII, p. 890 (N.D. L–150).

32
. Kurt von Schuschnigg,
Austrian Requiem,
p. 5.

33
.
NCA
, I, p. 466 (N.D. 2248–PS).

34
.
Documents on German Foreign Policy
[hereafter referred to as
DGFP
], Series D, I, pp. 278–81 (No. 152).

35
. Papen,
op. cit.
, p. 370.

36
.
DGFP
, III, pp. 1–2.

37
.
Ibid.
, pp. 892–94.

38
.
DGFP
, I, p. 37.

39
.
Ibid.
III, p. 172.

40
.
Ciano’s Diplomatic Papers
, ed. by Malcolm Muggeridge, pp. 43–48.

41
. Milton Shulman,
Defeat in the West,
p. 76. His source is given as a British War Office Intelligence Review, December 1945. It would seem to be from an interrogation of Goering.

42
. Text of the secret protocol,
DGFP
, I, p. 734.

43
.
TWC
, XII, pp. 460–65 (N.D. NI–051).

44
.
TMWC
, IX, p. 281.

45
.
DGFP
, I, p. 40.

46
.
Ibid., pp. 55–57.

47
.
NCA
, VI, pp. 1001–11 (N.D. C–175).

48
. The Hossbach minutes, dated Nov. 10, 1937. The German text is given in
TMWC
, XXV, pp. 402–13, and the best English translation is in
DGFP
, I, pp. 29–39. A hasty English version was done at Nuremberg and printed in
NCA
, III, pp. 295–305 (N.D. 386–PS). Hossbach also gives an account of the meeting in his book
Zwischen Wehrmacht und Hitler
, pp. 186–94. The brief testimony of Goering, Raeder and Neurath on the conference is printed in
TMWC.

 1
. Affidavit of Baroness von Ritter, a relative of Neurath,
TMWC
, XVI, p. 640.

 2
.
TMWC
, XVI, p. 640.

 3
.
Ibid.
, p. 641.

 4
. Schacht,
Account Settled
, p. 90.

 5
. Jodl’s diary,
TMWC
, XXVIII, p. 357.

 6
.
Ibid.
, p. 356.

 7
.
Ibid.
, pp. 360–62.

 8
.
Ibid.
, p. 357.

 9
. Telford Taylor,
Sword and Swastika,
pp. 149–50. The manuscript of Blomberg’s unpublished memoirs is in the Library of Congress.

10
. Bullock,
op. cit.
, p. 381, and Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis,
p. 369.

11
. Wolfgang Foerster,
Ein General kaempft gegen den Krieg, op. cit.,
pp. 70–73.

12
.
TMWC
, IX, p. 290.

13
.
The Von Hassell Diaries. 1938–1944,
p. 23.

 1
. Dispatch to Hitler, Dec. 21, 1937,
DGFP
, I, p. 486.

 2
. Papen,
op. cit.
, p. 404.

 3
. Ibid., p. 406.

 4
. Schuschnigg,
Austrian Requiem
,
pp. 12–19;
NCA
, V, pp. 709–12 (N.D. 2995–PS).

 5
. Draft of protocol submitted to Schuschnigg,
DGFP
, I, pp. 513–15.

 6
.
NCA
, V, p. 711 (N.D. 2995–PS).

 7
. Schuschnigg,
Austrian Requiem
, p. 23.

 8
. N.D. 2995–PS,
op. cit.

 9
. Schuschnigg gave slightly different versions of Hitler’s threats in his book, p. 24, and in his Nuremberg affidavit, 2995–PS (
NCA
, V, p. 712). I have used both in abbreviated form.

10
.
Austrian Requiem
, p. 24.

11
.
Ibid.

12
.
Ibid.
, p. 25, and Schuschnigg’s affidavit, N.D. 2995–PS,
op. cit.

13
.
Austrian Requiem
, p. 25.

14
.
NCA
, IV, p. 357 (N.D. 1775–PS).

15
.
NCA.
IV, p. 361 (N.D. 1780–PS).

16
. From my own notes taken during the broadcast.

17
. Dispatch to the German Foreign Office on Feb. 25, 1938, marked “Very Secret,”
DGFP
, I, p. 546.

18
. For Miklas’ testimony, see
NCA
, Suppl. A, p. 523. Papen’s suggestion is in his
Memoirs
, p. 425.

19
.
Austrian Requiem
, pp. 35–36.

20
.
NCA
, IV, p. 362 (N.D. 1780–PS).

21
.
NCA
, VI, pp. 911–12 (N.D. C–102).

22
.
Ibid.
, VI, p. 913 (N.D. C–103).

23
.
DGFP
, I, pp. 573–76.

24
.
NCA
, V, pp. 629–54 (N.D. 2949–PS).

25
.
Austrian Requiem
, p. 47.

26
. Testimony of Wilhelm Miklas on January 30, 1946, during anti-Nazi court proceedings against Dr. Rudolf Neumayer. Though the former President is a bit hazy about exact times and the exact sequence of events on the fateful day, his testimony is of great value and interest.
NCA
, Suppl. A, pp. 518–34 (N.D. 3697–PS).

27
.
Austrian Requiem
, p. 51.

28
. See
NCA
, Suppl. A, pp. 525–34 (N.D. 3697–PS). Also,
NCA
, V, p. 209 (N.D. 2465–PS, 2466–PS).

29
.
NCA
, VI, p. 1017 (N.D. C–182).

30
.
DGFP
, 1, pp. 584–86.

31
.
Ibid.
, pp. 553–55.

32
.
TMWC
, XVI, p. 153.

33
.
DGFP
, I, p. 263.

34
.
Ibid.
,

35
.
Ibid.
,

36
.
NCA
, I, pp. 501–2 (N.D. 3287–PS).

37
. Text of circular cipher telegram,
DGFP
, I, pp. 586–87.

38
.
TMWC
, XX, p. 605.

39
.
TMWC
, XV, p. 632.

40
. Memorandum of Seyss-lnquart at Nuremberg, Sept. 9, 1945,
NCA
, V, pp. 961–92 (N.D. 3254–PS).

41
.
TMWC
, XIV, p. 429.

42
. Text of Schacht’s address,
NCA
, VII, pp. 394–402 (N.D. EC–297–A).

43
.
NCA
, IV, p. 585 (N.D. 1947–PS).

 1
. The file for Case Green was kept at Hitler’s headquarters and was captured intact by American troops in a cellar at Obersalzbreg. The summary of the Apr. 21 Hitler-Keitel discussion is the second paper in the collection. The entire file was introduced in evidence at Nuremberg as N.D. 388–PS. An English translation is in
NCA
, III, pp. 306709; a better English version of the Apr. 21 talks is in
DGFP
, II, pp. 239–40.

 2
. Secret memorandum of the German Foreign Office, Aug. 19, 1938,
NCA
, VI, p. 855 (N.D. 3059–PS).

 3
.
DGFP
, II, pp. 197–98.

 4
.
Ibid.
, p. 255.

 5
. Weizsaecker memorandum, May 12, 1938,
DGFP
, II, pp. 273–74.

 6
. Text of four telegrams exchanged,
NCA
, III, pp. 308–9 (N.D. 388–PS).

 7
.
Ibid.
, pp. 309–10.

 8
. Text of Keitel’s letter and of the directive,
DGFP
, II, pp. 299–303.

 9
.
Ibid.
, pp. 309–10.

10
. Dispatch of the German minister and military attaché in Prague, May 21, 1938,
ibid.
, pp. 309–10.

11
. Dispatch of Ambassador von Dirksen, May 22, 1938,
ibid.
, pp. 322–23.

12
. Speech to the Reichstag, Jan. 30, 1939, in My
New Order
, ed. by Roussy de Sales, p. 563.

13
. According to Fritz Wiedermann, one of the Fuehrer’s adjutants, who was present and who later swore that he “was considerably shaken by this statement.”
NCA
, V, pp. 743–44 (N.D. 3037–PS).