The Savage City (71 page)

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Authors: T. J. English

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and Hogan's refusal to drop charges against Whitmore in Career Girls Murders, 128

Miller's disagreements with, 167, 170, 192

and NAACP fundraiser for Whitmore, 127

press conference of, 110–11

prison visits with Whitmore of, 106, 112

reputation of, 106

and Robles arrest, 110

takes on Whitmore case, 106

and Whitmore case as civil rights matter, 110–11

Whitmore's first meeting with, 106

and Whitmore's testimony in Career Girls Murders trial, 146

Renegades (gang), 60

Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), 182, 185, 186, 196–98, 213, 243

Riccobono, Xavier, 337

Richards, Eugene, 244

Richardson, Fred, 225, 227

Right On!
newspaper, 300, 316

Rikers Island Correctional Facility: Bin Wahad in, 363

Rinaldi, Dominic, 137, 138

Riverside Church (New York City), 5

Roberts, Burton, 337

Roberts, Gene, 271–72

Robeson, Paul, 284

Robles, Richard “Ricky,” 106–10, 111, 112, 135, 141, 146–52, 336, 368, 371

Rockefeller, Nelson, 111, 145, 265–66, 350

Rogers, J. A., 66

Roper, Lee, 282

Rosario material, 361, 387

Rothblatt, Harold, 382

Rush, Bobby, 294

Rutledge, Jimmy, 200–201

 

Salvia, Damien, 48

Sams, George, 286

San Quentin Prison, 350

Savalas, Telly, 371

Schaap, Dick, 119, 120

Schermerhorn Street Court House (Brooklyn).
See
Brooklyn Criminal Court

Schmier, Benjamin, 168, 169, 194

Schoenberg Salt Company, 35, 36

Scopetta, Nicholas, 308, 351

Scorpions gang, 60

Seale, Bobby, 185, 205, 206, 214, 286, 296, 297, 350

Seedman, Albert J., 317, 332, 337, 350

September 11, 2001, 394

Serpico, Frank, 280, 281, 308, 345, 347

Seventeenth Precinct (Manhattan), 257, 304.
See also specific person

Seventy-third Precinct (Brooklyn)

and arrest of Black Panthers, 239–40

and black–Puerto Rican gang fights, 190

Whitmore at, 36–42, 45–54, 78, 192

Shabazz, Betty, 205

Shakur, Afeni, 236–37, 282, 288, 296, 297, 299

Shakur, Assata.
See
Chesimard, JoAnne

Shakur, Lumumba, 182, 234, 282, 287, 296, 297, 313

Shakur, Mutulu, 182, 381

Shakur, Zyad, 182, 313, 381

Shapiro, Fred C., 53, 54, 231

Shecter, Leonard, 167, 369

Silvers, Cleo, 235–38, 289

Sing Sing prison

Coleman in, 44

Whitmore in, 111–12, 128, 129, 209, 210–11, 212, 219–20

Slaughter, Doc, 23

Slim Brown (dope peddler), 123

Slugs (Manhattan jazz club), 204

Smith, Jimmy, 257–58, 364–65, 366, 368, 384

Smith, John, 199

Smith, Tommy, 283

Society for the Prevention of Niggers Getting Everything (SPONGE), 173

soda bottles: and Career Girl Murders, 47, 80, 110

South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), 288

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 113, 134

Special Investigations Unit (SIU), NYPD, 123, 304, 308

Sportsmen Disciples (gang), 60, 180, 225

Squires, Clark, 282

St. Mary's Housing Project (Bronx), 179, 180

St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan), 120, 278

Stanford, Maxwell, 186, 196, 213

Stango, Sharon, 364, 365

Stewart, Stanley, 252

stolen car chase (Queens), 338

Straus, R. Peter, 171–72, 191

Street Stories
(TV show), 383

Stride Toward Freedom
(King), 3

Stronghold LTD., 298

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 186, 207, 213, 214–15, 243

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 196

subway system, New York City: “bombing” of, 278

Suicide Frenchmen gang, 189

Supreme Court, New York State

and Panther Twenty-one case, 288

and reopening of Borrero case, 372–73, 374–75

vacating of Whitmore conviction by, 375–76

Whitmore appeal to, 265, 325, 352, 357, 371

Supreme Court, U.S.

Miranda
decision of, 170–71

Whitmore appeal to, 265, 352, 357

 

Tabor, Michael.
See
Cetewayo

Tactical Patrol Force (TPF), 72–74, 76, 86, 122

Temple University: Black Panthers meeting at, 291–92

Tenney, Charles H., 351

“Third Degree,” 43, 45

Third World Woman's Alliance, 335

Thirty-fourth Precinct (Manhattan), 268

Thirty-second Precinct (Manhattan), 323

Time
magazine, 153

Tolles, Patricia, 7, 8, 10, 78–79

Tolles, Terry, 78–79

Torres, Edwin, 126–27

TPF.
See
Tactical Patrol Force

Tracy, Richard “Dick,” 355

Treu, Frank, 360, 361, 362

Triple-O social club (Bronx): robbery at, 327–30, 333, 334, 336, 359, 361

truth serum injections, Whitmore's, 69, 78

Tubman, Harriet, 66

Turner, Nat, 66, 224

Twenty-fifth Precinct (Harlem), 91–93, 222–23, 255–56, 267

Twenty-third Precinct (Manhattan), 7, 107, 108–10, 166.
See also specific person

 

United Nations

Black Panthers press conference at, 214

and Cuban-Panthers link, 279

United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 381

United Press International, 350

Universal Studios, 325, 353, 370, 371

University of California, Berkeley: Carmichael speech at, 185

University of Mississippi, 184

urban revolutionary: how to live as, 314, 328, 329

Urban Task Force, 222, 241

 

Valiant Crowns (gang), 60

Vickers, Robert, 338

Vietnam War, 182, 183, 196, 197, 207, 226, 255, 285, 322

Vietnamese Liberation Army, 322

Vincent, Leon, 370, 373

Viruet, Celeste, 264, 354–57, 371, 372, 375

 

Wagner, Robert, 76, 111, 119, 266

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel (Manhattan): Phillips incident at, 88–89

Wallace, George, 240, 380

Wallace, Mike, 113, 114, 243

Walsh, Robert, 57

Walt Disney School, 129

Warren, Earl, 170–71

Washington, D.C., black protest march on, 206–7.
See also
March on Washington

WBAI radio station, 175

Weather Underground, 295, 368

Webb, Robert, 299–300, 313, 314, 316, 318

West, Cornel, 388

White, Eddie (window washer suspect), 45, 149–50

“White power,” 198, 240, 279, 303

White, Ralph, 244, 271

white supremacy, 30, 66, 185, 240.
See also
Ku Klux Klan

Whitmore, Aida Jr. (daughter), 212, 231, 233

Whitmore, Aida (wife), 187–88, 189, 191, 194–95, 212, 231, 233, 261, 275, 276, 352

Whitmore, Birdine (mother), 14–15, 16, 38, 69, 94, 102, 105, 129, 137, 172, 187, 191, 194, 195, 352, 375

Whitmore, George Jr.

Aida's relationship with, 187–88, 189, 191, 194–95, 212, 231, 233, 261, 275, 276, 352

alibi of, 79, 106, 219

apologies to, 376

arraignment of, 54–57, 59

as assault victim, 188–89

birth of, 14

books about, 210

in Brownsville, 32, 33–34, 188

in car accident, 393

and check-cashing store robbery, 392–93

depression of, 67, 78, 129, 211, 352–53

diary of, 67–68

doubts about guilt of, 79–81

drawing abilities of, 15, 48–49, 128–29

drinking by, 275–76, 277, 392

film about, 325–26, 353, 370–72

financial affairs of, 325, 326, 370, 371, 391, 392–93

fishing business of, 392

as free man, 378

health of, 392

helicopter rides of, 374, 393

as “invisible Negro,” 13

jobs of, 13, 31, 188, 191, 231, 232–34, 275, 276, 325

and Krown robbery, 275–77

lawyers' belief in innocence of, 167

marriage of, 191

New Jersey arrests of, 276, 392

New York arrest of, 47–48, 79

New York City move of, 31–32

as out on bail, 231

personal and family background of, 14, 15, 16–17, 38, 212, 231, 391

personality of, 13, 37, 211

police interrogation of, 35–43, 45–49, 51, 79, 138, 150–51, 371

and police views about ghettos, 347

portrayal of, 135

and race relations, 16–17, 391–92

reaction to vacating of conviction by, 376–77

realization of difficulties by, 52–53, 56

releases from prison of, 231, 324, 390

return to Brooklyn of, 324

role models for, 17

and shootings of policemen, 324–25

smoking of, 233, 392

as survivor, 393

as symbol of injustice, 144–45, 378

truth serum injections of, 69, 78

views about police of, 17, 40

vision problems of, 13, 49, 112, 276

wine-making by, 152, 212

See also
Borrero (Elba) case; Career Girls Murders; Edmonds (Minnie) case

Whitmore, George Sr. (father), 14, 15, 16, 31, 38, 39, 69, 129, 137, 138, 172, 187, 191, 261

Whitmore, Gerald (brother), 14, 15, 31, 34, 35, 36, 54–55, 102, 187, 189, 190–91, 352, 375

Whitmore, Geraldine (sister), 14, 187

Whitmore, Shelley (brother), 14, 31, 96, 187

Whitmore Legal Defense Fund, 112, 127, 128, 167, 172, 191

whorehouse murder case, 364–66, 367–70, 382

Wildwood, New Jersey

police force in, 16–17

race relations in, 15–17

Whitmore in area around, 390–92

and Whitmore on bail, 171, 172–73

Whitmore in, 12–17, 31, 128–29, 187–88, 191–92, 231, 261

Wilkins, Roy, 160, 197, 214

Williams, Gertrude, 156–57, 158

Williams, John Carlos, 283

Williams, Ray H., 110, 112, 127, 135

Williams, Westley, 127, 156–57

window washer suspect (Eddie White) (Career Girls Murders), 45, 149–50

WLIB radio station, 321, 322, 335, 336

WMCA radio station, 172

Woodbury, Gene, 370–71

World Telegram & Sun,
103, 104, 210

World War II, 27, 63, 143, 198

Wylie, Janice

discovery of body of, 7–11

and March on Washington, 25

as
Newsweek
employee, 12, 25

personal life of, 12, 18, 25, 26

reporting of murder of, 7–8

See also
Career Girl Murders

Wylie, Max, 8–9, 10, 25, 26–27, 79

Wylie, Philip, 25

 

Yale University: Black Panther rally at, 298–99

Young, Whitney M., 197, 214

 

Zinkand, Martin J., 7–10, 53, 55, 56, 108

Zion, Sidney, 174

THE EMOTIONAL CONTENT
of this era in New York City history is still raw for those who lived through it. I owe a special debt of gratitude to those people on both sides of the divide who agreed to dredge up old and sometimes unpleasant or even traumatic memories. Their stories are now part of history. Many people were helpful in leading me to important sources or pieces of information; I am eternally grateful for their assistance.

Special thanks to Thomas Kelly, who first acquainted me with the Wylie-Hoffert murders; Dred-Scott Keyes of WBAI Radio; Jazz Hayden (the Mayor of Harlem); Judith Regan, who remains a supporter; Myron Beldock; Stephen J. Fearon; Dhoruba Bin Wahad; Robert Boyle; Tom Folsom; Bob Leuci; Sonny Grosso; Cleo Silvers; Shermika Williams, who transcribed many tapes; Kate O'Callaghan; Patrick Farrelly; George Whitmore; Judge Edwin Torres; Willie Rashbaum; Sean Gardiner; Graham Rayman; Carl Ginsburg; Joel Millman; Stacy Leigh; Roger Guenveur Smith, who told me Huey P. Newton stories; Chris Napolitano at
Playboy;
Steven Fishman; Len Levitt; Gerald Lefcourt; Randy Jurgensen; and John M. Murtagh.

Putting this book together required an obsessive attention to detail, which—as always—can be a strain on personal relationships. I would like to thank those friends and family members who helped lighten the load and remained patient over the course of another long journey. Special thanks to Richard Stratton; Sophia Banda, who kept me strong; Ned Sublette, my literary compañero; the barmaids at the Distinguished Wakamba Cocktail Lounge; Tom Caldarola; Suzanne and Chris Damore; Maureen English; Margi English; Mike English; Ed English; Philip Rotter; Dino Malcolm; Gh'ail Rhodes-
Benjamin; Sandra Maria English; Peter Quinn; Ashley Davis; Ryan Schafer; Michael Patrick MacDonald; Kevin Corrigan; and Matt Dillon.

My agents, Nat Sobel and Judith Weber, were invaluable in helping to shape this project at all stages of development. Lisa Gallagher, formerly of William Morrow, saw value in the subject matter immediately and was instrumental in getting things off the ground. Cal Morgan, my editor, brought good taste and a sharp eye to the proceedings; he guided
The Savage City
through the publishing process with a steady hand.

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