The Secret Chamber of Osiris: Lost Knowledge of the Sixteen Pyramids (26 page)

Footnotes

*1
. “jmAt” is the transliteration from the original hieroglyphs. The word remains in its raw, transliterated form within this passage of text because Egyptology has not been able to interpret what this word actually means.

*2
. The vowels represented in ancient Egyptian words such as
kh t
(
akhet
) are added by modern scholars purely for convenience. Theoretically the ancient Egyptian word we write as “akhet” might actually have been spoken by an ancient Egyptian as “ukhoti” or “eekhita” or some other variation. We have simply no way of really knowing what vowels were employed by the ancient Egyptians or how their words actually sounded, so modern scholars developed a fairly arbitrary convention to insert vowels into Egyptian script to facilitate its pronunciation.

*3
. See Vyse, “Operations,” Vol. 1, 279, 285.

*4
. It is quite possible to test ochre paint, because the binding agent used in ancient times would have been organic materials such as fish oil, honey, or gum.

†1
. It should be noted here that we could crosscheck the orientations of only twenty-five of the twenty-eight facsimiles against Mr. Perring’s plan drawing because Mr. Hill had drawn some glyphs that Mr. Perring had missed and vice versa, and thus the orientations could not be compared. Also, the orientations of some of Mr. Hill’s drawings were compared against some fairly recent photos of the glyphs made by Colette Dowell and Robert Schoch, for which we were grateful.

Endnotes

FOREWORD

1
. Honore,
Slow Fix,
epigraph.

2
. Ibid., 280.

CHAPTER 1. LEGENDS OF SECRET CHAMBERS

1
. Lepre,
Egyptian Pyramids,
65.

2
. Petrie,
Pyramids and Temples,
421.

3
. Higgins,
Ancient Freemasonry,
105.

4
. Cayce,
Edgar Casey’s Egypt,
207.

5
. Joseph Robert Jochmans, “1995: The Hall of Records: Will the Legendary Egyptian Treasure Trove Be Rediscovered?”
www.think-aboutit.com/1995-hall-records
(accessed June 2, 2014).

6
. Murtadi,
Egyptian History.

7
. Lehner,
Complete Pyramids,
40–41.

8
. Gary Osborn, “Re: IT’S TIME,” Mysteries message board at the Official Graham Hancock Website, April 20, 2012, 6:45 p.m.,
www.grahamhancock.com/phorum/read.php?f=1&i=312995&t=312274#reply_312995
(accessed May 30, 2014).

9
. Budge,
Fetish to God,
198.

10
. Joseph Robert Jochmans, “1995: The Hall of Records: Will the Legendary Egyptian Treasure Trove Be Rediscovered?”
www.think-aboutit.com/1995-hall-records
(accessed July 7, 2014).

11
. Massey,
Gerald Massey’s Lectures,
7.

12
. Picknett and Prince,
Sion Revelation,
383–84.

CHAPTER 2. IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE ANCIENTS

1
. Doreal,
Emerald Tablets,
378.

2
. Pyramid Texts, 1657.

3
. Plutarch,
Isis and Osiris,
vol. 5,
Moralia,
45.

CHAPTER 3. A WRONG TURN

1
. Zivie-Coche,
Sphinx,
102.

2
. Lepre,
Egyptian Pyramids,
268.

3
. “Kawab,” Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawab
(accessed August 8, 2014).

4
. Ibid.

5
. “Meresankh II,” Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meresankh_II
(accessed August 8, 2014).

6
. “Minkhaf I,” Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkhaf_I
(accessed August 8, 2014).

7
. Brian Alm, “Ancient Egyptian Religion, Part 7—Roots Too Deep to Dislodge,” Egyptological, August 2012,
http://egyptological.com/2012/08/14/ancient-egyptian-religion-part-7-roots-too-deep-to-dislodge-9777
(accessed May 30, 2014).

8
. Lehner,
Complete Pyramids,
134.

9
. Smyth,
Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid,
358.

10
. Philip A. Femano, “The Granite Plugs of the Great Pyramid,” Egyptological, September 2011,
http://egyptological.com/2011/09/09/the-granite-plugs-of-the-great-pyramid-5415
(accessed May 30, 2014).

CHAPTER 4. BARRIERS TO DISCOVERY

1
. Mohamed Al Fayed, “Tartan’s Egyptian Connections,”
www.alfayed.com/news-and-opinion/copy-of-christmas-parade-2009.aspx
.

2
. Evans,
Kingdom of the Ark,
280.

3
. Zahi Hawass, private communication with Scott Creighton.

4
. “Pyramid Revamp Fences Out Hawkers,” BBC News, August 12, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7556225.stm
(accessed May 30, 2014).

CHAPTER 5. THOTH: HARBINGER OF THE DELUGE

1
. Budge,
Legends of the Gods,
xxxi–xxxii.

2
. Budge,
From Fetish to God,
198.

3
. Assmann,
Mind of Egypt,
58.

4
. Naydler,
Temple of the Cosmos,
207.

5
. Lehner,
Complete Pyramids,
24.

6
. Strouhal,
Life of the Ancient Egyptians,
92.

7
. BBC, “Sacred Ibis,”
www.biologydir.com/sacred-ibis-threskiornis-aethiopicus-info-11882.html
(accessed July 7, 2014).

8
. Schoedler,
Book of Nature,
580.

9
. Allen,
Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts,
33.

CHAPTER 6. GUNPOWDER AND PLOT

1
.
Journals of the House of Commons,
Vol. 62, 680.

2
. Vyse,
Operations,
Vol. I, 225.

3
. Edwards,
The Pyramids of Egypt,
141.

4
. Sitchin,
Journeys
, 30–31.

5
. Vyse,
Operations,
Vol. I, 216.

6
. Vyse, Private Journal, entry from June 16th, 1837.

7
. Ibid., entry from May 27th, 1837.

8
. Dina Abdel-Alim, Day 7 Magazine,
www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1356323#.U7vtrUCdTfX
(accessed July 8, 2014).

CHAPTER 7. AGES OF DELUGE AND DROUGHT

1
. Werner,
Myths and Legends of China,
56.

2
. Wilkins,
Mysteries of Ancient South America,
31.

3
. “J Harlen Bretz,” Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_Harlen_Bretz
(accessed May 31, 2014).

4
. Li et al., “Synchronizing a Sea-Level Jump.”

5
. O’Riordan, “Coral Reef.”

6
. Marshall et al., “Late Pleistocene and Holocene Drought Events.”

7
. Scotsman, “Ancient Egypt Was Destroyed by Drought.”

8
. “List of Dynasties,” note 2, on “granaries,” California Institute for Ancient Studies,
www.specialtyinterests.net/dyn3.html
(accessed May 31, 2014).

9
. Alan Winston [Jimmy Dunn], “The Mortuary Temple, Serdab, Northern Courtyard and the West Mounds of the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, Egypt,” Tour Egypt,
www.touregypt.net/featurestories/dsteppyramid3.htm
(accessed May 31, 2014).

10
. Lauer,
Saqqara,
98.

11
. Bard,
Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt,
864.

12
. Ibid., 129.

13
. Petrie,
Pyramids and Temples,
80–82.

14
. Howard Vyse,
Operations,
206–7.

15
. Dave Roberts, “Scientist Explains Likely Cause of Grain Elevator Explosions,” KWCH,
http://articles.kwch.com/2012-02-02/grain-dust_31019435
(accessed May 31, 2014).

16
. Hancock,
Fingerprints of the Gods,
363.

17
. Hassan,
Sphinx,
222–24.

18
. John Anthony West, private e-mail to Scott Creighton.

19
. W. Woelfli and W. Baltensperger, “On the Change of Latitude of Arctic East Siberia at the End of the Pleistocene,” Cornell University Library,
http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.2489
(accessed May 30, 2014).

20
. W. Woelfli and W. Baltensperger, “Traditions Connected with the Pole Shift Model,” Cornell University Library,
http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.5078
(accessed May 30, 2014).

21
. Creighton and Osborn,
Giza Prophecy,
243–48.

22
. Dilbeck, “Opening the Gates of Paradise.”

23
. Ibid.

CHAPTER 8. FLYING STONES

1
. Lehner,
Complete Pyramids,
215.

2
. Ibid., 211.

CHAPTER 9. PROJECT OSIRIS

1
. Plato,
Timaeus.

2
. Belzoni,
Narrative of the Operations,
275.

3
. Nichols, “Herodotus and Diodorus Verified by Belzoni,” 315.

4
. Lehner,
Complete Pyramids,
124.

5
. Milly Farrell, acting curator, Royal College of Surgeons, London, private e-mail to Scott Creighton.

6
. Tooley, “Osiris Bricks,” 171–72.

7
. Budge,
The Egyptian Book of the Dead,
li.

8
. Griffiths,
Origins of Osiris,
66–67.

CHAPTER 10. JOURNEY'S END

1
. Elizabeth Kaye McCall, “Saving the Secrets of the Sands: Zahi A. Hawass,” Guardian’s Egypt,
www.guardians.net/hawass/article1a.htm
(accessed May 31, 2014).

2
. Budge,
The Book of the Dead,
59–60.

Bibliography

Allen, James P.
The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts.
Atlanta, Ga.: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005.

Assmann, Jan.
The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs.
Bonn: Metropolitan Books, 2002.

Bard, Kathryn A.
Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt.
New York: Routledge, 1999.

———.
An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt.
Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007.

Bauval, Robert, and Adrian Gilbert.
The Orion Mystery.
London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1994.

Belzoni, Giovanni B.
Narrative of the Operations and Recent Discoveries within the Pyramids, Temples, Tombs, and Excavations, in Egypt and Nubia.
London: John Murray, 1820.

Budge, E. A. Wallis.
The Book of the Dead—The Papyrus of Ani in the British Museum.
1895. Reprint, Cosimo Classics, 2010.

———.
From Fetish to God in Ancient Egypt.
Oxford University Press, 1934.

———.
Legends of the Gods: The Egyptian Texts.
London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Trübner & Co. Ltd, 1912.

Cattane, Valentina. “Egyptian Archeologists Comment on Carbon Dating.”
Egypt Independent,
August 7, 2010.
www.egyptindependent.com/news/egyptian-archeologists-comment-carbon-dating
. Accessed May 30, 2014.

Cayce, Edgar.
Edgar Cayce’s Egypt: Psychic Revelations on the Most Fascinating Civilization Ever Known.
Virginia Beach, Va.: A.R.E. Press, 2004.

Creighton, Scott, and Gary Osborn.
The Giza Prophecy.
Rochester, Vt.: Bear & Company, 2012.

Dilbeck, Gwynne Ann, “Opening the Gates of Paradise: Function and the Iconographical Program of Ghiberti’s Bronze Door.” Dissertation, University of Iowa, 2011.
http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2691
. Accessed August 8, 2014.

Doreal, trans.
The Emerald Tablets of Thoth-the-Atlantean.
Indianapolis, Ind.: Dog Ear Publishing, 2002.

Edwards, Sir I. E. S.
The Pyramids of Egypt.
New York: Penguin Books, 1947.

Evans, Lorraine.
Kingdom of the Ark.
London: Simon & Schuster U.K. Ltd., 2000.

Great Britain House of Commons.
Journals of the House of Commons, Vol. 62
. London: HM Stationery Office, 1807.

Griffiths, John G.
The Origins of Osiris and His Cult.
Boston: Brill, 1980.

Hancock, Graham.
Fingerprints of the Gods.
Mandarin Paperbacks, 1996.

Hassan, Selim.
The Sphinx: Its History in the Light of Recent Excavations
. Government Press, 1949.

Higgins, Frank C.
Ancient Freemasonry: An Introduction to Masonic Archeology.
New York: Kessinger Publishing, 1919.

Honore, Carl.
The Slow Fix.
New York, London, Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013.

James, Peter.
Centuries of Darkness.
New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1993.

Lauer, J. P.
Saqqara: The Royal Cemetery of Memphis; Excavations and Discoveries since 1850.
London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1976.

Lawton, Ian, and Chris Ogilvie-Herald.
Giza: The Truth.
London: Virgin Books, 2002.

Lehner, Mark.
The Complete Pyramids.
London: Thames & Hudson, 1997.

Lepre, J. P.
The Egyptian Pyramids: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Reference.
Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2006.

Li, Yong-Xiang, Torbjörn E. Törnqvist, Johanna M. Nevitt, and Barry Kohl. “Synchronizing a Sea-Level Jump, Final Lake Agassiz Drainage, and Abrupt Cooling 8200 Years Ago.”
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
315–16 (January 15, 2012): 41–50.

Marshall, Michael H., Henry F. Lamb, Dei Huws, et al. “Late Pleistocene and Holocene Drought Events at Lake Tana, the Source of the Blue Nile.”
Global and Planetary Change
78, no. 3–4 (August–September 2011): 147–61.

Massey, Gerald.
Gerald Massey’s Lectures.
Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger Publishing, 1992.

Murtadi, Ibn Gaphiphus.
The Egyptian History.
Translated by John Davies. London: Robert Battersby, 1672.

Naydler, Jeremy.
Temple of the Cosmos: The Ancient Egyptian Experience of the Sacred.
Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions International, 1996.

Nichols, John.
The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Chronicle
92, part 2, 1822.

O’Riordan, Bernard. “Coral Reef Clue to Fast Sea Rise.”
Guardian,
February 24, 2005.
www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/24/australia.environment
. Accessed May 31, 2014.

Petrie, William Matthew Flinders.
The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh.
London: Field and Tuer, 1883.

Picknett, Lynn, and Clive Prince.
The Sion Revelation.
New York: Time Warner, 2006.

Plato.
Timaeus and Critias.
Translated by Benjamin Jowett. Digireads.com Publishing, 2009.

Plutarch.
Moralia Vol V: Isis and Osiris.
Translated by Frank Cole Babbit. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989.

Schoedler, Friedrich.
The Book of Nature: An Elementary Introduction to the Sciences of Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Zoology, and Physiology.
Translated by Henry Medlock. Philadelphia: Blanchard & Lea, 1853.

“Ancient Egypt Was Destroyed by Drought, Discover Scottish Experts.” Scotsman. August 2, 2011.
www.scotsman.com/news/ancient-egypt-was-destroyed-by-drought-discover-scottish-experts-1-1777592
. Accessed May 31, 2014.

Sitchin, Zecharia.
Journeys to the Mythical Past.
Rochester, Vt.: Bear & Co, 2007.

Smyth, Charles Piazzi.
Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid
. London: W. Isbister & Co, 1874.

Staple, Philip.
Journals of the House of Commons
62 (1807): 680.

Strouhal, Evzen.
Life of the Ancient Egyptians.
University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.

Thorne, R. G.
The History of Parliament: The House of Commons; 1790– 1820.
Vol. 1, Survey
.
London: Secker & Warburg, 1986.

Tooley, Angela M. J., “Osiris Bricks.”
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
82 (1996): 167–79.

Vyse, Richard W. H.
Operations Carried on at the Pyramids of Gizeh.
Vol. 1 and II. London: James Fraser, 1840.

———. Private Journal. 1837. Aylesbury: Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies.

Werner, E. T. C.
Myths and Legends of China.
Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1994.

Wilkins, Harold T.
Mysteries of Ancient South America.
London: Forgotten Books, 2012.

Zivie-Coche, Christiane.
Sphinx: History of a Monument.
1997 Reprint. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2002.