THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES (167 page)

plebiscites,
183
,
239

Powell, General Colin (1937– ): U.S. national security advisor (1986 – 1989);
Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman (1989 – 1993) during Gulf War;
secretary of state (2001– ),
297 – 9
,
301
,
461
,
850 – 1

pragmatic sanction (1713): Holy Roman Emperor CharlesVI's order reserving succession to all Habsburg dominions to his daughter Maria Theresa, in order to ensure the Habsburg territories' continued integrity and prevent a struggle for the succession,
135 – 6

precision air strikes,
318
,
851

Presidential Decision Directive (PDD)
25
,
298

Prijedor,
434
,
440 – 2

Princeton University,
266
,
367
,
370 – 1
,
413

proliferation,
15
,
218
,
253
,
255
,
262 – 3
,
267 – 8
,
289
,
292
,
306
,
309
,
311 – 12
,
329 – 30
,
338
,
677
,
679
,
681 – 90
,
713
,
720
,
726
,
736
,
745
,
759
,
772
,
778
,
802
,
815
,
820
,
882
,
891

Prospero Colonna (1452 – 1523): Italian soldier; fought in the Italian Wars and defeated the French at La Bicocca (1522),
482

proxy forces,
318

Prussia,
25
,
72
,
90
,
119
,
130
,
133 – 8
,
141 – 2
,
147 – 51
,
155
,
157
,
159
,
165 – 7
,
171
,
178
,
181
,
184 – 6
,
190 – 5
,
197 – 204
,
482
,
505
,
526
,
531
,
537
,
539 – 40
,
542
,
546
,
552 – 4
,
556 – 7
,
559 – 61
,
563
,
583
,
602
,
831
,
839
,
867
,
869

Pufendorf, Samuel von (1632 – 1694): philosopher and theorist of international relations,
518 – 19
,
529
,
531 – 34
,
585
,
867

Punic Wars (264
B.C
. – 241
B.C
.): First Punic War, 218 – 202
B.C
.;
Second Punic War, 149 – 146
B.C
.;
Third Punic War, fought between Rome and Carthage,
355
,
830

Quadruple Alliance (1814, renewed 1815): coalition of England, Austria, Prussia,
and Russia to defeat Napoleonic France and maintain postwar peace,
169
,
557 – 8
,
564

Quintuple Alliance (1818): formed to admit France into the society of great powers “to protect the arts of peace,”
166

Radich, Stjepan,
417

Ragione di stato
,
87
,
108
,
135 – 6
,
499

raison d‘état
,
108 – 9
,
135 – 6

Randle, Robert,
483
,
504
,
863 – 4
,
866
,
868
,
872
,
898

Reagan, Ronald Wilson (1911 – ): U.S. president (1981 – 1989),
10
,
222
,
275
,
322
,
339
,
610 – 11
,
615
,
619
,
626 – 8
,
716

reassurance,
11
,
14 – 15
,
175
,
250
,
629
,
687
,
689 – 90
,
748

referenda,
238 – 9

Renaissance,
78 – 85
,
88 – 9
,
92
,
107
,
116
,
334
,
346
,
358
,
417
,
479
,
798
,
825 – 6
,
836
,
838
,
892 – 3
,
899

revolution in military affairs (RMA),
153
,
294 – 6
,
299 – 305
,
306 – 7
,
318
,
796
,
813
,
849 – 50

Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal (1585 – 1642): French chief minister (1629 – 1642),
501 – 3
,
511 – 12
,
516 – 17
,
831
,
892

Rifkind, Malcolm,
461

Roberts, Michael,
69 – 73
,
98
,
100 – 1
,
112 – 14
,
835
,
837 – 8
,
864 – 5
,
867
,
882
,
886
,
890
,
898

Roosevelt, Franklin (1882 – 1945): U.S. president (1933 – 1945),
43
,
217
,
229
,
334
,
360
,
362
,
604
,
631
,
695
,
833
,
899

Roosevelt, Theodore (1858 – 1919): U.S. president (1901 – 1909),
244
,
360
,
370
,
373
,
377
,
388
,
390
,
392
,
394

Rosenau, James,
255
,
847
,
898

Rosencrance, Richard,
257

Rwanda,
7
,
37
,
250
,
269
,
283
,
300
,
361
,
428
,
451
,
598
,
763
,
757
,
801

“safe area”: regional town declared under protection of U.N.,
425 – 6
,
442

Sarajevo: capital of Bosnia,
26
,
325 – 6
,
416
,
421
,
424 – 6
,
428 – 31
,
433
,
442 – 3
,
445
,
447
,
454
,
457
,
461 – 2
,
464 – 6
,
478
,
860
,
862

Saxe, Hermann Maurice (1696 – 1750):
French (German-born) marshal,
140

Scanlan, John,
447

scenario planning: creates hypothetical, alternative stories about the future that share certain factual assumptions but differ based on decisions made within each scenario,
314
,
315
,
717 – 19
,
885

Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von (1755 – 1813): Prussian general and strategist,
177 – 8
,
185
,
189

Schroeder, Gerhard (1944– ): chancellor of Germany (1998– ),
339
,
845

Schroeder, Paul,
172
,
176
,
841 – 2
,
899

Schwartz, Benjamin,
250

Simes, Dimitri,
438
,
860

Simulation,
295
,
318
,
330
,
745

Six-Day War (1967 Arab-Israeli conflict),
474

Smith, Rupert,
426

Smith, Tony,
213
,
266
,
847

South Korea,
9
,
51 – 2
,
59
,
218
,
311
,
472
,
655
,
672
,
688 – 9
,
703
,
724
,
745
,
882

South Viet Nam,
9
,
58 – 9
,
278

Soviet Union,
15
,
24
,
30
,
33
,
40
,
43,
45 – 7
,
61
,
215
,
228
,
242
,
245
,
249 – 51
,
260
,
261
,
270
,
275 – 6
,
295
,
307
,
319 – 20
,
327 – 8
,
360
,
417
,
465
,
572
,
607
,
609 – 10
,
612 – 16

Spanish Civil War (1936 – 1939): uprising in which conservatives and right-wing elements overthrew the second Spanish republic,
19
,
24
,
30
,
40

Spanish Fury (1574): unpaid Spanish troops sacked Antwerp in a gruesome massacre,
495

Sparta (Greek city-state),
8
,
21
,
332

Spinoza, Baruch (also Benedict de Spinoza) (1632 – 1677): Dutch philosopher,
518 – 19
,
528 – 9
,
596

Srebrenica: Bosnia village, scene of 1995 massacre,
416
,
424
,
426
,
435 – 6
,
440
,
450 – 1
,
454
,
459
,
462
,
468
,
481
,
862

Staats raison,
135

Stalin, Josef (1879 – 1953): Soviet political figure; dictator (1929 – 1953),
29 – 30
,
43
,
45 – 7
,
51 –3
,
217
,
280
,
326 – 7
,
418
,
613
,
615
,
623
,
655
,
695
,
832
,
835
,
844
,
872
,
880
,
889
,
900

state-nation: constitutional order that achieved dominance in the nineteenth century;
it sought popular allegiance on grounds that State would exalt the nation,
144 – 204

Steinberg, James B.,
10
,
265
,
462

strategic planning,
7
,
48
,
296
,
304
,
309
,
314
,
315
,
716 – 18
,
722
,
903

Suarez, Francisco (1548 – 1617): Spanish philosopher and Jesuit theologian,
489
,
491 – 4
,
641
,
865
,
899

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de (1754 – 1838): French bishop, diplomat, and politician;
foreign minister (1797 – 1807, 1814 – 1815);
represented France at Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815),
160
,
162
,
166
,
259
,
548
,
550 – 1
,
553 – 4
,
556 – 62
,
869 – 71

Tarnoff, Peter,
457

tercio
: sixteenth century Spanish infantry formation of 3,000 men, with equal numbers of pikemen and musketeers,
97
,
99

territorial state: constitutional order that dominated the eighteenth century,
95
,
107
,
118 – 20
,
122
,
124 – 6
,
129
,
130
,
132 – 140
,
143
,
148
,
152
,
155 – 7
,
159
,
173
,
175
,
505
,
523 – 5
,
527 – 31
,
535 – 6
,
538 – 9
,
541
,
543
,
551 – 2
,
560
,
564
,
870

terrorism,
219
,
236
,
256
,
264
,
282
,
289
,
296
,
298 – 9
,
310
,
322
,
336
,
338
,
441
,
466
,
474
,
510
,
663
,
690
,
697
,
704
,
720
,
727
,
730 – 1
,
735
,
746
,
760
,
772
,
791
,
804 – 5
,
819 – 22
,
850