Read The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating Online

Authors: Elisabeth Tova Bailey

The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating (11 page)

BOOK: The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating
3.18Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

B
OOK WRITING IS MOSTLY
a solitary pursuit, but this particular project brought me partway out of my shell. If it weren’t for E. LaRoche, I might never have written the earlier essay that led to this book. I owe thanks to E. Somers at the
Missouri Review,
as well as to C. Mason, both of whom noticed the snail story when it was barely hatched. When I began to read about gastropods, I did not know I would fall in love with malacology literature. As I wove thousands of scientific words into my personal snail observations, M. Porter’s excellent developmental editing skills, particularly her fearless and flawless insight as to what to cut, were invaluable. Undaunted by my endless revisions, M. took the project under her wing, reading every draft and surviving the feat miraculously.

Great appreciation and respect go to L. Osterbrock, D. Dwyer, and P. Blanchard; each of them brought editorial savvy to my pages and responded with good humor even when hearing from me out of the blue and sometimes at unusual hours; it is a lucky writer who has editorial friends with perfectionist streaks in different time zones. When I thought I had finished the manuscript, J. Babb smartly nudged me into doing one last editorial pass, which turned out to be essential. Thanks to L. Babb for her response on a pivotal chapter.
The following friends read one or more drafts, and their terrific questions, thoughts, and suggestions helped me shape and deepen the story: K. Adams, D. Smith, A. Levine, D. Graham, D. R. Warren, P. Kamin, L. Fisher, and S. Lester. Astute advice and support came at various junctures from J. Hamilton, T. Coburn, and J. Babb. Thanks to the MacDowell Colony and the Vermont Studio Center, and my heartfelt gratitude to S. Tullberg for making impossible dreams happen.
Timothy A. Pearce, who must have been a gastropod in his past life, is a remarkable malacologist. He answered zillions of questions with astonishing patience, thoughtfulness, curiosity, and infinite knowledge. Every time I glided too far into gastropod territory and got stuck, Tim came to my rescue. Great appreciation to the biologist Ken Hotopp, who knows just where to find a New England
Neohelix albolabris
and exactly what it might be up to at any given moment. I was lucky to have Tim and Ken as snail consultants. The thought-provoking, occasionally startling, and sometimes funny conversations and correspondence I had with them expanded my understanding of these small animals and their place in the world. If any error in malacology information has found its way into these pages, it is most certainly mine, not theirs.
Gratitude to the wetlands ecologist A. Calhoun for her early avid reading of the manuscript; to K. Vencile for his fascinating feedback; to Dr. R. Smith for his infectious-disease knowledge and his interest in malacology; to the staff at the University of Maine Cooperative Extension; and to the wonderfully kind and always helpful librarians at my local library.
I am also indebted to the nineteenth-century naturalists whose words enrich these pages. They observed every nuance of snail behavior, and their lyrical writings are unconstrained by today’s more technical scientific language.
A special thanks to N. Glassman, who found the snail and without whom this story would never have happened. Appreciation to H. Schuman for sharing his love of words and to J. Miles for sharing her love of the natural world. For fulfilling a lifelong longing for island writing, I owe thanks to the Websters. To Kathryn Davis: you gave me the gift of my own words—few gifts are as great.
My agent Ellen Levine and my editor Elisabeth Scharlatt believed in a very small story about an even smaller creature, and despite the hurried pace of the publishing field, they had the patience to wait for the final draft. Thanks, also, to the good staff at Algonquin Books and Workman Publishing; to R. Careau for her excellent, meticulous, and thoughtful copyediting and fact checking; to L. Lieberman for his wise counsel; and to C. Ferland, M. Schuman, K. Bray, and C. Guillette.
A number of people helped with language translations: W. Smith and L. Hill (Chinese); A. McCormick and C. Stancioff (French); T. Hayes (Latin); Anna Booth and Erica Walch (Italian); and K. Hardy (Wabanaki). Many of my questions on the haiku of Issa and Buson were thoughtfully answered by D. G. Lanoue and J. Reichhold.
Thanks to Kathy Bray for her exquisite soft pencil half-tone illustrations, which reveal the private everyday moments in a snail’s life. Working with Kathy was a rare and wonderful opportunity. My gratitude to Susan Brand for her lovely cover snail and to D. R. Warren for kindly filming an adventurous
Neohelix albolabris.
A heartfelt thanks to all the folks who have accompanied me throughout my journey through illness or joined me along the way for the side trips. Please know how appreciated you are and that this book would not have happened without you. Some of you have a rare ability to understand and accept the invisible, and I could not have survived without that support: S. Tullberg, D. Lamparter, S. Spinney, L. Maria, A. Swan, and two truly exceptional physicians, Dr. C. Rosen and Dr. D. Bell.
Lastly, to all the creatures who at one point or another have shared their lives with me, including the snail and its 118 offspring, my deep
Homo sapiens
thanks.

APPENDIX: TERRARIA

I
ALWAYS KEEP SEVERAL
terraria of woodland plants in the house year-round. If you want to make a plant terrarium you can use any glass container or jar. Keep in mind that mosses, ferns, lichens, and other woodland plant species are often slow growing. Taking a few plants from a large patch of an unprotected species, on land you own or have permission to dig on, is usually fine. However, if you don’t know your plants well, please consult a botanist first to make sure you are not taking species that might be endangered and protected by law. Alternatively, woodland plant material can be acquired from horticultural suppliers who specialize in their propagation. If the terrarium is to be inhabited by a living creature, make sure the propagated plants are organically grown.

Loam from the woods usually contains eggs of some creature or another, so occasionally an unexpected new friend may hatch out and surprise you.
Much can be learned from observing a snail where you find it, and letting it continue on with its life, undisturbed. If you choose to keep a snail for a little while, please give it the most natural home possible in a quiet location and provide fresh water and its familiar diet. Treat your snail gently, minimize handling, and return it to the same location where it was found, within the same season. I was glad when my snails were returned to their native habitat, and while I loved having them stay with me, I am most comfortable knowing that wild creatures are in their wild environments.

SELECTED SOURCES

Books on Gastropods

Barker, G. M.
The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs.
New York: CABI, 2001.

———.
Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs
. New York: CABI, 2004.

Burch, John B.
How to Know the Eastern Land Snails.
Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown, 1962.

Chase, Ronald.
Behavior and Its Neural Control in Gastropod Molluscs
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Goldsmith, Oliver. “Of Turbinated Shell-Fish, or The Snail Kind.” In
A History of the Earth and Animated Nature.
1774. Glasgow: Blackie and Son, 1860.

Poe, Edgar Allan.
The Conchologist’s First Book
. Philadelphia: Haswell, Barrington and Haswell, 1839.

Solem, Alan.
The Shell Makers: Introducing Mollusks.
New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1974.

Sturm, C. F., T. A. Pearce, and A. Valdés.
The Mollusks: A Guide to Their Study, Collection, and Preservation.
Boca Raton: American Malacological Society / Universal Publishers, 2006.

Wilbur, Karl M., ed.
The Mollusca.
12 vols. New York: Academic Press / Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983 – 88.

Wood, Searles, quoted in John Gwyn Jeffreys,
British Conchology, or An Account of the Mollusca Which Now Inhabit the British Isles and the Surrounding Seas.
Vol. 5,
Marine Shells and Naked Mollusca to the End of the Gastropoda, the Pteropoda, and Cephalopoda.
London: John Van Voorst. 1862.

Articles on Gastropods

Angelita, Giovanni Francesco. “On the Snail and That It Should Be the Example for Human Life.” In
I pomi d’oro.
1607. The Getty Research Institute, Research Library, Special Collection and Visual Resources, Los Angeles, CA.

Brieva, A., N. Philips, R. Tejedor, A. Guerrero, J. P. Pivel, J. L. Alonso-Lebrero, and S. Gonzalez. “Molecular Basis for the Regenerative Properties of a Secretion of the Mollusk
Cryptomphalus aspersa.

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
21 (2008): 15 – 22.

Chase, Ronald. “Lessons from Snail Tentacles.”
Chemical Senses
11, no. 4 (1986): 411 – 26.

———. “The Olfactory Sensitivity of Snails,
Achatina fulica.” Journal of Comparative Physiology
148 (1982): 225 – 35.

Cowie, Robert H., and Brenden S. Holland. “Dispersal Is Fundamental to Biogeography and the Evolution of Biodiversity on Oceanic Islands.”
Journal of Biogeography
33 (2006).

Dundee, D. S., P. H. Phillips, and J. D. Newsom. “Snails on Migratory Birds.”
Nautilis
80, no. 3 (January 1967): 89 – 92.

Gittenberger, E., D. S. J. Groenenberg, B. Kokshoorn, and R. C. Preece. “Biogeography: Molecular Trails from Hitch-Hiking Snails.”
Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science
(January 25, 2006).
http://www.nature.com
.

Head, Sir George,
Tour in Modern Rome,
quoted in “Snails and Their Houses.”

Ingersoll, Ernest. “In a Snailery.” In
Friends Worth Knowing: Glimpses of American Natural History.
New York: Harper and Brothers, 1881.

Johnson, George. “Art. II.—Shell Fish: Their Ways and Works,”
Westminster Review
57 (January 1852).

Knight, G. A. Frank. Lecture delivered to the Perthshire Society of Natural Science, quoted in “Reversed Shells in the Manchester Museum,” by R. Standen.
The Journal of Conchology,
edited by William E. Hoyle, 1904–6.

Lemaire, M., and R. Chase. “Twitching and Quivering of the Tentacles during Snail Olfactory Orientation.”
Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology
182, no. 1 (December 1997).

MIT News Office. “MIT’s RoboSnails Model Novel Movements.” September 4, 2003.
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2003/robosnail.html
.

Nielsen, G. R. “Slugs and Snails.” University of Vermont Extension, Entomology Leaflet 14. 1998.

Pearce, Timothy A. “Spool and Line Technique for Tracing Field Movements of Terrestrial Snails.”
Walkerana,
4, no. 12 (1990).

Rollo, C. David, and William G. Wellington. “Why Slugs Squabble.”
Natural History,
November 1977.

Sandford, E. “Experiment to Test the Strength of Snails.” Notes and Queries.
Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History
10, no. 120, Third Series (December 1886).

Shaheen, N., K. Patel, P. Patel, M. Moore, and M. A. Harrington. “A Predatory Snail Distinguishes between Conspecific and Heterospecific Snails and Trails Based on Chemical Cues in Slime.”
Journal of Animal Behavior
70, no. 5 (February 2005).

Simonite, Tom. “Slime-Riding Strategy Developed for Intestinal Robot.” NewScientist.com, September 2006.

“Snails and Their Houses.”
All the Year Round
43, November 10, 1888.

Miscellaneous Science Books and Articles and Other Interesting Sources

Barbero, F., J. A. Thomas, S. Bonelli, E. Balletto, and K. Schönrogge. “Queen Ants Make Distinctive Sounds That Are Mimicked by a Butterfly Social Parasite.”
Science
323 (2009): 782.

Cocroft, Rex. “Thornbug to Thornbug.”
Natural History,
October 1999.

Darwin, Charles. “Molluscs.” Chap. 9 in
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex.
1871. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.

———. “Absence of Terrestrial Mammals on Oceanic Islands.” In
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
1859. New York: D. Appleton, 1900.

Darwin Correspondence Project Database.
http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk
. Letters: #1962, to P. H. Gosse; #1967, to W. D. Fox; #2018, to J. D. Hooker; and #3695, to C. Lyell.

Dawkins, Richard.
The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution.
New York: Mariner Books / Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

DeBlieu, Jan.
Wind
:
How the Flow of Air Has Shaped Life, Myth and the Land.
Emeryville, CA: Shoemaker and Hoard, 2006.

Freedman, David H. “In the Realm of the Chemical.”
Discover
223, June 1993.

Gawande, Atul. “Hellhole.”
The New Yorker,
March 30, 2009.

Heidmann, Thierry. “Darwin’s Surprise.”
The New Yorker,
December 3, 2007.

Huxley, T. H.
A Course of Elementary Instruction in Practical Biology.
London: Macmillan, 1902.

Keller, Helen.
The World I Live In.
New York: Century, 1908.

Kellert, Stephen R., and Edward O. Wilson, eds.
The Biophilia Hypothesis.
Washington DC: A Shearwater Book / Island Press, 1995.

Kirby, Rev. William.
On the History, Habits and Instincts of Animals.
The Bridgewater Treatises, Treatise VII. 1835. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea and Blanchard, 1837.

Moalem, Sharon.
Survival of the Sickest.
New York: William Morrow, 2007.

Nightingale, Florence.
Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not.
New York: D. Appleton, 1912.

Oken, Lorenz.
Elements of Physiophilosophy.
Translated by Alfred Tulk. Ray Society, 1847.

Shubin, Neil.
Your Inner Fish: A Journey into the 3.5-Billion-Year History of the Human Body.
New York: Pantheon Books, 2008.

Stauffer, R. C., ed. “Mental Powers and Instincts of Animals.” In
Charles Darwin’s Natural Selection: Being the Second Part of His Big Species Book Written from 1856 – 1858.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.

Villarreal, Luis P. “Are Viruses Alive?”
Scientific American,
December 2004.

———. “Can Viruses Make Us Human?”
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
148, no. 3 (September 2004).

———. “The Living and Dead Chemical Called a Virus.” 2005.
http://cvr.bio.uci.edu/downloads/05_villa_livedead.pdf
.

———.
Viruses and the Evolution of Life.
Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2004.

von Frisch, Karl.
A Biologist Remembers
. Translated by Lisbeth Gombrich. New York: Pergamon Press, 1967.

Weir, James.
The Dawn of Reason: Or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals.
London: Macmillan, 1899.

Weisman, Alan.
The World Without Us
. New York: Thomas Dunne Books / St. Martin’s Press, 2007.

Wilson, Edward O.
Biophilia.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.

Zimmer, Carl. “Part Human, Part Virus.”
Discover,
September 15, 2005.

BOOK: The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating
3.18Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

Other books

Swastika by Michael Slade
Weird Tales, Volume 51 by Ann VanderMeer
Fuck Valentine's Day by C. M. Stunich
Like Water on Stone by Dana Walrath
Everything He Demands by Thalia Frost
Tats Too by Layce Gardner
The Secret Dog by Joe Friedman