The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond—The Story Behind the Craze That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World (93 page)

  7.
Ibid.

  8.
Tomczyk, Michael S.,
The Home Computer Wars
(Greensboro, NC: Compute! Books, 1984), p. 33.

  9.
Ibid., p. 103.

10.
Chakravarty, Subrata N., “Albatross,”
Forbes
(January 17, 1983).

11.
Ibid.

12.
Tomczyk, Michael S.,
The Home Computer Wars
(Greensboro, NC: Compute! Books, 1984), p. 185.

13.
Ibid., p. 187.

14.
Chakravarty, Subrata N., “Albatross,”
Forbes
(January 17, 1983).

15.
Ibid.

16.
Rosenberg, Hilary, “Trouble in the Cabbage Patch,”
Financial World
(July 25, 1984): 80.

17.
Almost all of the information in this book about the close of Mattel Electronics has been taken from the second edition of
Phoenix: The Fall and Rise of Videogames
, by Leonard Herman. Herman has written the most comprehensive volume about the evolution of game hardware imaginable.

18.
Alexander, Charles P., “Video Games Go Crunch,”
Time
(October 17, 1983): 64.

19.
“A Holiday Massacre in Video Games,”
Fortune
(December 26, 1983): 100.

  1.
Tomczyk, Michael S.,
The Home Computer Wars
(Greensboro, NC: Compute! Books, 1984), p. 258.

  2.
Ibid., p. 257.

  3.
Chakravarty, Subrata N., “Albatross,”
Forbes
(January 17, 1983).

  4.
“Okay, Jack,”
Fortune
(February 20, 1984): 8.

  5.
Tomczyk, Michael S.,
The Home Computer Wars
(Greensboro, NC: Compute! Books, 1984), p. 284.

  6.
“The Zinger of Silicon Valley,”
Time
(February 6, 1984): 50.

  7.
Bagamery, Anne, “The Second Time Around,”
Forbes
(October 8, 1984): 42.

  1.
Sheff, David,
Game Over
(New York: Vintage Books, 1994), p. 152.

  2.
Ibid., pp. 154–155.

  3.
Ibid., p. 163.

  1.
Pitta, Julie, “This Dog Is Having a Big Day,”
Forbes
(January 22, 1990): 106.

  2.
“Please Daddy,”
The Economist
(December 2, 1989): 35.

  1.
17 U.S.C. #101 as quotes from
Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.
, 30 USPQ 2d., p. 1405.

  2.
Ibid., p. 1404.

  3.
Data East USA, Inc. v. Epyx, Inc.
, 862 Federal Supplement 2d., p. 209.

  4.
Ibid., p. 206.

  5.
Ibid., p. 206.

  6.
Ibid., p. 210.

  7.
Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc., 30 USPQ 2d.
, p. 1403.

  8.
Ibid., p. 1403 (referring to 975 Federal Supplement 2d, p. 837).

  9.
Ibid., p. 1407.

10.
Ibid., p. 1427.

11.
Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc.
, 977 Federal Supplement 2d., p. 1528.

12.
Ibid., p. 1515.

13.
Ibid., p. 1515.

14.
Ibid., pp. 1515–1516.

15.
Ibid., p. 1398.

16.
Ibid., p. 1398.

17.
Ibid., p. 1398.

18.
Ibid., p. 1514.

19.
Ibid., p. 1523.

20.
Ibid., p. 1529.

21.
States of N.Y. and Maryland v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
, 775 Federal Supplement, p. 679.

22.
Kichen, Steve, “Please, Br’er Fox! Don’t Throw Me in the Briar Patch!”
Forbes
(December 23, 1991): 17.

23.
Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
, 780 Federal Supplement, p. 1295.

24.
Alpex Computer Corporation v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.
, 780 Federal Supplement, p. 162.

25.
Riordan, Teresa, “After Nintendo’s Victory, More Japanese Companies May Say They’d Rather Fight Than Pay,”
New York Times
, November 25, 1996, section D, p. 2.

26.
Alpex Computer Corporation v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.
, SDNY 95-1191-1229.

27.
Ibid.

28.
Alpex Computer Corporation v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.
, SDNY 212-791-1020.

  1.
“New Boy on the Block,”
Time
(November 6, 1989): 73.

  1.
Sheff, David, “The Game Master,”
Playboy
(June 1993): 216.

  2.
West, Neil and Chris Charla, “What the Hell Does Bill Gates Know About Games Anyway?”
Next Generation
(June, 1996): 60. This is Gates’s response when asked about Spindler’s statement.

  3.
Conour, Dale, “Sonic CEO,”
Gentry
(August 1995): 88.

  4.
Ibid., 87.

  5.
Gray, Paul
, “
Boop, Beep, Blurp, Jingle, Jingle,”
Time
(July 9, 1990): 15.

  6.
Dumaine, Brian, “When Delay Courts Disaster,”
Fortune
(December 16, 1991): 104.

  7.
“NEC Lowers Price of TurboGrafx-16 to $99,”
Playthings
(June 1991): 6.

  8.
Sheff,
Game Over
, p. 363.

  9.
Streisand, Betsy, and Richard J. Newman, “The Big Leagues’ New Game Boy,”
U.S. News & World Report
(February 17, 1992): 44.

10.
Wulf, Steve, “An Outside Pitch,”
Sports Illustrated
(February 10, 1992): 30.

11.
Streisand and Newman, “The Big Leagues’ New Game Boy,” 44.

  1.
Tor, Matt, “Will Super Mario Halt Sega’s Sonic Boom?”
Marketing
(a United Kingdom publication), April 30, 1992, p. 13.

  2.
Tetzeli, Rick, “Videogames: Serious Fun,”
Fortune
(December 27, 1993): 110.

  1.
Joint Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, One Hundred Third Congress, Serial No. J-103-37, December 9, 1993, March 4 and July 29, 1994, p. 22.

  2.
Ibid., p. 194.

  3.
Ibid., p. 12.

  4.
Ibid., p. 14.

  5.
Ibid., p. 15.

  6.
Ibid., p. 20.

  7.
Ibid., p. 22.

  8.
Ibid., p. 25.

  9.
Ibid., p. 25.

10.
Ibid., p. 29.

11.
Ibid., p. 30.

12.
Ibid., p. 30.

13.
Ibid., p. 35.

14.
Ibid., p. 35.

15.
Ibid., p. 36.

16.
Ibid., p. 36.

17.
Ibid., p. 41.

18.
Ibid., p. 58.

19.
Ibid., p. 62.

  1.
“Game Over?”
The Economist
(November 20, 1993): 74.

  3.
Miller, Cyndee, “Sega vs. Nintendo: This Fight’s Almost As Rough As Their Video Games,”
Marketing
News
(August 29, 1994): 1.

  4.
Morris, Kathleen “Nightmare in the Fun House,”
Financial World
(February 21, 1995): 32.

  5.
“Nintendo Expects,”
Television Digest
(December 5, 1994): 13.

  6.
Meyer, Michael, “Fight to the Finish,”
Newsweek
(December 12, 1994): 56.

  7.
Morris, Kathleen, “Nightmare in the Fun House,”
Financial World
(February 21, 1995): 32.

  1.
Morris, Kathleen, “Nightmare in the Fun House,”
Financial World
(February 21, 1995): 32.

  2.
Ibid.

  3.
Ibid.

  4.
“Nintendo Pins Hopes on Virtual Boy,”
Next Generation
(March 1995): 20.

  1.
Rowling, J. K.,
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
(New York: Scholastic Press, 2000), p. 25.

  2.
Hearing on “Marketing Violence to Children,” U.S. Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, May 4, 1999, p. 117.

  3.
Harrison, George, “First to Market Is Good, but Not Always Best,”
Brandweek
(December 4, 1995): 16. (Harrison was Nintendo of America’s vice president of marketing and corporate communications.)

  4.
Gerstmann, Jeff, “Mortal Kombat Trilogy: Full Review,”
GameSpot VG
[online], posted October 31, 1996, updated December 3, 1996.

  5.
Bai, Matt, “Anatomy of a Massacre,”
Newsweek
(May 3, 1999): 26.

  6.
Gibbs, Nancy, and Timothy Roche, “The Columbine Tapes,”
Time
[online], December 20, 1999.

  7.
Ibid.

  8.
Hearing on “Marketing Violence to Children,” p. 5.

  9.
Ibid., pp. 13–14.

10.
Ibid., p. 37.

11.
Ibid., p. 67.

12.
Ibid., p. 71.

13.
Ibid., p. 72.

14.
Ibid., p. 87.

15.
Ibid., p. 91.

16.
Ibid., pp. 113–114.

17.
Ibid., p. 114.

18.
Ibid., p. 114.