The United Nations Security Council and War:The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 (129 page)

military occupations
see
occupations, international law on; Arab-Israeli Wars

Military Staff Committee
see also
standing forces

armed force 8, 20

composition 8

creation of SC 64–70

global context of SC 250

Korean War 270, 278

P5 8, 250

standing forces 100–1

threats to international peace and security 8

UN Charter, provisions regarding use of force 87

Milosevic, Slobodan
410, 420, 436, 437, 438, 549, 571

MINUCI (United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire)
23, 481

MINUGUA (UN Verification Mission in Guatemala)
191

MINURCA (UN Mission in the Central African Republic),
191

MINURSO (UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara),
191

MINUSTAH (UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti)
590

missions and investigatory panels
24, 220–1,

Investigation of Chemical Weapons in Iran-Iraq war 24

Missions of SC members 255–6, 362–3, 492–3

Investigative Panels for Sanctions 220–1

Mladic, Ratko
235

Mobutu, Sese Seko
629, 630

Møller, Michael
639

Montenegro
96, 409–10, 413, 422

MONUA (UN Observer Mission in Angola),
190, 191
see also
Angola

MONUC (UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo)
101, 191, 202 (see also Congo)

Moore, John Norton
245

Morgenstierne, Wilhelm M
71, 73

Morgenthau, Hans
134

Morillon, François
435

Morris, Justin
550

Mountbatten, Louis
325, 327–8, 330–1

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick
351

Mozambique
190, 182

Mujahideen
455, 458

Multinational Force and Observers Sinai (MFO Sinai)
312

Munich Olympics (1972), attack on Israelis at
609

Musharraf, Pervez
343–4

Muttawakil, Ahmed
460

NAM
see
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

Nambiar, Satish
432

Namibia
see also
UNTAG

ceasefire, breach of 186

national force, operation in conjunction with 23

peacekeeping operations 23, 185–7

SC Res. 435 (1978) 186

SC Res. 462 (1980) 160

SC Res. 632 (1989) 186

Nasser, Gamal Abdel
160, 180, 281, 284, 297, 304–6, 502

national liberation movements

mercenaries 627, 628, 636

self-defence 88, 93, 94–5

terrorists distinguished from 95

UN Charter, provisions regarding use of force 87

use of force 88, 93, 94–5

nation-building mandates
582–3, 606

NATO see
also
NATO, regional arrangements for use of force, and NATO, role in Bosma

Korean War 273–4, 278–9

regional organizations 506

sanctions against former Yugoslavia 216

standing forces 127

UN Charter, provisions regarding use of force 96

United States 506

NATO, regional arrangements for use of force and

Afghanistan 228, 245, 462–3, 595

alliance security interests, protection of 245

authorization by SC 226–47

Bosnia, declared safe areas in 228, 232–42, 430–7, 446, 450

collective self-defence pact, NATO as 230–1

decisions to use force 244–6

Germany 230–1

humanitarian intervention 243–4

Kosovo 96, 165–6, 228, 242–4, 438–9, 548–50

ethnic cleansing 242–3

humanitarian intervention 243–4

Kosovo Force (KFOR) 245, 591

UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 566–7, 571

Yugoslavia 242–3

Strategic Concept 244–5

UN Charter
Chapter VIII
230–1

veto, right of 246

Yugoslavia, former 407–10, 424

NATO, role in Bosnia
228, 232–42
see also
safe areas

Dayton Peace Accords, implementation of 242, 245,

close air support 233–41, 245, 430–7, 446, 450

dual-key approach 236, 238, 241–2, 247

Gorazde ultimatum 239–40

Implementation Force (IFOR) 242, 245

Operation Deliberate Force 117, 127, 196, 241, 436, 437

Russia 236, 241

Sarajevo ultimatum 236–7, 239–40

SC Res. 836 (1993) 232–42

SC Res. 844 (1993) 237–8

Stabilization Force (SFOR) 245

UN Charter
Chapter VII
, delegation of powers under 240–2

natural resources

Africa 253

Côte d’Ivoire 481

diamond trade 215, 479, 480–1, 490

fights over 253

mercenaries 635

Negroponte, John
319

Nehru, Jawaharlal
325, 327, 328, 330, 335

Netanyahu, Benjamin
316

Netherlands
117–18, 120–1, 500

‘New International Order’
507

New Zealand
67, 80, 291

Newsom, David
349

Niazi, AAK
338–9

Nicholas, Herbert
177

Nicholson of Winterbourne, Baroness
344

Nigeria

Biafra 504, 630

Côte d’Ivoire 481–2, 484, 486–7

ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) 505–6

Liberia 491

mercenaries 630

Sierra Leone 477–8, 491

Nimmo, Robert
335

no-fly zones (NFZ)
390, 393, 446

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

great powers, SC and 147

Gulf War (1991) 385

India 326, 344–5

Soviet Union 326

Uniting for Peace Resolution 155–6, 165–6

non-international armed conflict
see
internal armed conflicts

non-involvement in wars, SC
50, 494–515

Afghanistan 455

changing nature of conflicts 507–8, 512–13

China-Taiwan/United States 497–9

Cold War 495–7, 499

consent 508–11

constraints on SC involvement 499–503

Darfur, Sudan 559

GA, competition from 500

spheres of influence 165, 504–5

India-Pakistan 497–9

Israel-Palestine 500, 504

nuclear conflicts 497–9

regional organizations 505–6

resolution of conflicts outside UN 503–6

resources, lack of 502–3

Rwanda 544–7

Soviet Union 501

Sri Lanka, intervention of external power in 504

Suez crisis 500

systemic changes having impact on non-involvement 507–10

Tibet 500

veto, right of 501–2

non-members of SC

great powers, SC and 137–8

participation of 85

exclusion from private meetings 137–8

role of 137

non-permanent members of SC

and creation of SC 82

great powers, SC and 137

impact of 251

Korean War 268–9, 272–6

marginalisation 164

P5 251

reform of SC 32

role of 137

Syria 319

Uniting for Peace Resolution 164

Non-proliferation
18, 27, 35, 36, 85, 341

SC Res. 1540 (2004) 35, 404, 532, 603

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1968)
27–8, 341

non-self-governing territories

East Timor 348, 360, 551

territorial administration 564–5

trust territories 565

norms, promotion or diffusion of political, social and economic
570, 576–8

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
see
NATO

North Korea
397
see also
Korean War
(1950–3)

Northbridge Security Services
634

Northern Alliance
456, 458, 462

Northern Ireland
510

Norway
70, 71, 504

nuclear weapons

China 497–9

collective legitimizer for use of armed force, SC as 27–8

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) (1996) 341

GA Res. 1 (1946) 18

India-US civil nuclear deal (2006) 344

India-Pakistan wars 324, 326, 341–2, 344, 497–9

international conflicts, as cause of decline in 46–7 Iraq 394, 400

non-proliferation

criticism of 27–8

India-Pakistan wars 324, 341

Pakistan 612

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1968) 27–8, 341, 344

P5 47

Taiwan 497–9

tests 326, 341–2

United States 344, 497–9