The Vikings (66 page)
Authors: Robert Ferguson
12
.
Anglo-Saxon Charters: An annotated list and bibliography
, by P. H. Sawyer (London 1968: 277) (Charter no. 909).
.
Anglo-Saxon Charters: An annotated list and bibliography
, by P. H. Sawyer (London 1968: 277) (Charter no. 909).
14
. A version of Henry of Huntingdon’s account can be read on the website cited in note 10 above.
. A version of Henry of Huntingdon’s account can be read on the website cited in note 10 above.
16
. ibid., p. 141.
. ibid., p. 141.
17
. ibid.
. ibid.
20
.
The Works of Sven Aggesen
, trans. with introduction and notes by Eric Christiansen (London 1992: 35).
.
The Works of Sven Aggesen
, trans. with introduction and notes by Eric Christiansen (London 1992: 35).
22
. It was this marriage between his great-aunt and Ethelred, followed after Ethelred’s death by her marriage to Cnut of Denmark, that would give William of Normandy his slender claim to the throne of England in 1066.
. It was this marriage between his great-aunt and Ethelred, followed after Ethelred’s death by her marriage to Cnut of Denmark, that would give William of Normandy his slender claim to the throne of England in 1066.
25
. ibid., p. 246.
. ibid., p. 246.
26
. ibid., p. 928.
. ibid., p. 928.
27
. ibid., p. 932.
. ibid., p. 932.
28
. ibid., p. 933, n. 6.
. ibid., p. 933, n. 6.
29
. ibid., pp. 933-4.
. ibid., pp. 933-4.
30
.
Adam av Bremen. Beretningen om Hamburg stift, erkebiskopenes bedrifter og øyrikene i Norden
. Trans. and ed. Bjørg Tosterud Danielsen and Anne Katrine Frihagen (Oslo 1993: 99) (Book 1, Chapter 52).
.
Adam av Bremen. Beretningen om Hamburg stift, erkebiskopenes bedrifter og øyrikene i Norden
. Trans. and ed. Bjørg Tosterud Danielsen and Anne Katrine Frihagen (Oslo 1993: 99) (Book 1, Chapter 52).
35
.
Encomium Emmae Reginae
, trans. and ed. Alistair Campbell, with a supplementary introduction by Simon Keynes (Cambridge 1996: lx).
.
Encomium Emmae Reginae
, trans. and ed. Alistair Campbell, with a supplementary introduction by Simon Keynes (Cambridge 1996: lx).
37
.
Who’s Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England 55
BC-AD
1066
, by Richard Fletcher (Mechanicsburg 2002: 204).
.
Who’s Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England 55
BC-AD
1066
, by Richard Fletcher (Mechanicsburg 2002: 204).
39
. ‘Cnut’s Scandinavian empire’, by Peter Sawyer, in
The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway
, ed. Alexander R. Rumble (London 1994: 19-20).
. ‘Cnut’s Scandinavian empire’, by Peter Sawyer, in
The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway
, ed. Alexander R. Rumble (London 1994: 19-20).
42
. ibid., p. 455.
. ibid., p. 455.
44
. ibid., p. 292.
. ibid., p. 292.
46
. ‘Contextualising the Knútsdrápur: skaldic praise-poetry at the court of Cnut’, by Matthew Townend, in
Ango-Saxon England
(2001, 30: 145-79). Internet resource at
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=123937
(accessed 19.12.2007).
. ‘Contextualising the Knútsdrápur: skaldic praise-poetry at the court of Cnut’, by Matthew Townend, in
Ango-Saxon England
(2001, 30: 145-79). Internet resource at
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=123937
(accessed 19.12.2007).
47
. ‘King Cnut in the verse of his skalds’, by Roberta Frank, in
The Reign of Cnut
, op. cit., p. 108.
. ‘King Cnut in the verse of his skalds’, by Roberta Frank, in
The Reign of Cnut
, op. cit., p. 108.
48
. Writing in the thirteenth century, Snorri Sturluson glossed the word
skáld
as
frædamadr
, meaning someone learned, knowledgeable and possessed of essential information, rather than simply a ‘poet’ in the modern sense of a maker of verse. See ‘Memorials in speech and writing’, by Judith Jesch, in
Hikuin
, ed. Gunhild Øeby Nielsen (Århus 2006: 101).
. Writing in the thirteenth century, Snorri Sturluson glossed the word
skáld
as
frædamadr
, meaning someone learned, knowledgeable and possessed of essential information, rather than simply a ‘poet’ in the modern sense of a maker of verse. See ‘Memorials in speech and writing’, by Judith Jesch, in
Hikuin
, ed. Gunhild Øeby Nielsen (Århus 2006: 101).
49
.
Heimskringla, or The Lives of the Norse Kings
by Snorri Sturluson, ed. with notes by Erling Monsen, trans. with the assistance of A. H. Smith (New York 1990: 402).
.
Heimskringla, or The Lives of the Norse Kings
by Snorri Sturluson, ed. with notes by Erling Monsen, trans. with the assistance of A. H. Smith (New York 1990: 402).
52
. ibid., p. 337.
. ibid., p. 337.
53
. ibid., p. 260.
CHAPTER 17 THE VIKING SAINT. ibid., p. 260.
1
.
Heimskringla, or The Lives of the Norse Kings
, by Snorri Sturluson, ed. with notes by Erling Monsen, trans. with the assistance of A. H. Smith (New York 1990: 167).
.
Heimskringla, or The Lives of the Norse Kings
, by Snorri Sturluson, ed. with notes by Erling Monsen, trans. with the assistance of A. H. Smith (New York 1990: 167).
2
.
Ágrip: A Twelfth-Century Synoptic History of the Kings of Norway
, ed. and trans. with an introduction and notes by M. J. Driscoll (London 1995: 96).
.
Ágrip: A Twelfth-Century Synoptic History of the Kings of Norway
, ed. and trans. with an introduction and notes by M. J. Driscoll (London 1995: 96).
3
. ibid., p. 35.
. ibid., p. 35.
4
.
The Ancient History of the Norwegian Kings
, by Theodoricus Monachus, trans. and annotated by David and Ian McDougall, with an introduction by Peter Foote (London 1998: 21).
.
The Ancient History of the Norwegian Kings
, by Theodoricus Monachus, trans. and annotated by David and Ian McDougall, with an introduction by Peter Foote (London 1998: 21).
5
.
Aschehougs Norges Historie, b. 2, Vikingtid og rikssamling 800-1139
, by Claus Krag (Oslo 2005: 179); see also
Heimskringla
, op. cit., p. 218.
.
Aschehougs Norges Historie, b. 2, Vikingtid og rikssamling 800-1139
, by Claus Krag (Oslo 2005: 179); see also
Heimskringla
, op. cit., p. 218.
7
. ibid.
. ibid.
12
. For a full account of this hypothesis, see
Aschehougs Norges Historie, b. 2
, op. cit., pp. 185-8.
. For a full account of this hypothesis, see
Aschehougs Norges Historie, b. 2
, op. cit., pp. 185-8.
13
. ibid., p. 185.
. ibid., p. 185.
18
. ‘Fast and Feast: Christianization through the regulation of everyday life’, by Alexandra Sanmark, in
Viking Heritage
, 4 (2005: 3-7).
. ‘Fast and Feast: Christianization through the regulation of everyday life’, by Alexandra Sanmark, in
Viking Heritage
, 4 (2005: 3-7).
19
. Florence of Worcester reports the rumour that Ælfgifu deceived the king and presented as his own the son of a priest.
EHD
, p. 315
. Florence of Worcester reports the rumour that Ælfgifu deceived the king and presented as his own the son of a priest.
EHD
, p. 315
21
. ibid., p. 45.
. ibid., p. 45.
22
. In 1031 the Church’s bishops could confer sainthood on the dead on their own initiative. By Snorri’s time the Pope alone had this power.
. In 1031 the Church’s bishops could confer sainthood on the dead on their own initiative. By Snorri’s time the Pope alone had this power.
25
. ‘Anglo-Saxon saints in Old Norse sources and vice-versa’, by Christine E. Fell, in
Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress
(Odense 1981: 95-6).
. ‘Anglo-Saxon saints in Old Norse sources and vice-versa’, by Christine E. Fell, in
Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress
(Odense 1981: 95-6).
28
.
Morkinskinna: The earliest Icelandic chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157)
, trans. with an introduction and notes by Theodore M. Anders son and Kari Ellen Gade (Ithaca and London 2000: 66 and 101).
.
Morkinskinna: The earliest Icelandic chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157)
, trans. with an introduction and notes by Theodore M. Anders son and Kari Ellen Gade (Ithaca and London 2000: 66 and 101).
31
. ibid., p. 502.
CHAPTER 18 HEATHENDOM’S LAST BASTION. ibid., p. 502.
1
. There are fewer names than stones because a number of the stones and inscriptions are fragments without names.
. There are fewer names than stones because a number of the stones and inscriptions are fragments without names.
3
. This is of course not Harald Hardrada.
. This is of course not Harald Hardrada.
7
. A small body of opinion prefers to identify the ‘Ingvar’ of this saga as the Kievan prince Igor, who attacked Constantinople in 941. See above, Chapter 6. See also
Vikingar i Österled
, by Mats G. Larsson (Stockholm 2003: 24).
. A small body of opinion prefers to identify the ‘Ingvar’ of this saga as the Kievan prince Igor, who attacked Constantinople in 941. See above, Chapter 6. See also
Vikingar i Österled
, by Mats G. Larsson (Stockholm 2003: 24).
8
.
Adam av Bremen. Beretningen om Hamburg stift, erkebiskopenes bedrifter og øyrikene i Norden
, trans. and ed. Bjørg Tosterud Danielsen and Anne Katrine Frihagen (Oslo 1993: 132) (Book 3, Chapter 16).
.
Adam av Bremen. Beretningen om Hamburg stift, erkebiskopenes bedrifter og øyrikene i Norden
, trans. and ed. Bjørg Tosterud Danielsen and Anne Katrine Frihagen (Oslo 1993: 132) (Book 3, Chapter 16).
10
. ‘Runestones tell about mercenaries going east,’ by Mats G. Larsson, in
Viking Heritage
, 2 (2001: 18-19).
. ‘Runestones tell about mercenaries going east,’ by Mats G. Larsson, in
Viking Heritage
, 2 (2001: 18-19).
12
. ibid., p. 80 (Book 2, Chapter 25).
. ibid., p. 80 (Book 2, Chapter 25).
13
. ibid., p. 89 (Book 2, Chapter 37).
. ibid., p. 89 (Book 2, Chapter 37).
16
.
Olof Skötkonung och kristnandet
:
http://www.tacitus.nu/svenskhistoria/kungar/vikingatid/oskristnandet.htm
. Internet resource (accessed 26.10.2007).
.
Olof Skötkonung och kristnandet
:
http://www.tacitus.nu/svenskhistoria/kungar/vikingatid/oskristnandet.htm
. Internet resource (accessed 26.10.2007).
17
. A clear division of geographical Sweden into regions dominated by separate tribes known as the Svear and the Gautar at this time is not universally accepted by historians.
. A clear division of geographical Sweden into regions dominated by separate tribes known as the Svear and the Gautar at this time is not universally accepted by historians.
23
. ‘The Lily Stones: research findings shed new light on the history of Christianity’, by Christen Åhlin in
Viking Heritage
, 3 (2002: 28).
. ‘The Lily Stones: research findings shed new light on the history of Christianity’, by Christen Åhlin in
Viking Heritage
, 3 (2002: 28).
24
. Populär Historia: ‘Til hvilken tid hör liljestenarna?’
http://www.popularhistoria.se/o.o.i.s?id=170&vid=509&template=.print.t
. Internet resource (accessed 26.10.2007). See also
Viking Heritage
, 3 (2002: 28).
. Populär Historia: ‘Til hvilken tid hör liljestenarna?’
http://www.popularhistoria.se/o.o.i.s?id=170&vid=509&template=.print.t
. Internet resource (accessed 26.10.2007). See also
Viking Heritage
, 3 (2002: 28).
26
. ibid., p. 161 (Book 3, Chapter 53).
. ibid., p. 161 (Book 3, Chapter 53).
27
. The rituals were those at Uppsala described by Adam and mentioned earlier, involving the sacrifice of nine males of different genus over a period of nine days.
Adam av Bremen
, op. cit., p. 207 (Book 4, Chapter 27).
. The rituals were those at Uppsala described by Adam and mentioned earlier, involving the sacrifice of nine males of different genus over a period of nine days.
Adam av Bremen
, op. cit., p. 207 (Book 4, Chapter 27).
28
. ‘Study into the socio-political history of the Obodrites’, by Roman Zaroff, in
Collegium Medievale
, vol. 16 (2003: 27).
. ‘Study into the socio-political history of the Obodrites’, by Roman Zaroff, in
Collegium Medievale
, vol. 16 (2003: 27).
29
. Örjan Martinsson’s website (
http://www.tacitus.nu
) is a good guide to this obscure but important period of the history of the Swedes.
. Örjan Martinsson’s website (
http://www.tacitus.nu
) is a good guide to this obscure but important period of the history of the Swedes.
35
. ibid., p. 189 (Book 4, Chapter 7).
. ibid., p. 189 (Book 4, Chapter 7).
38
.
Aschehougs Norges Historie, b. 2, Vikingtid og rikssamling 800-1130
, by Claus Krag (Oslo 2005: 240).
.
Aschehougs Norges Historie, b. 2, Vikingtid og rikssamling 800-1130
, by Claus Krag (Oslo 2005: 240).
Index
Characters found only in Scandinavian alphabets are interfiled with their nearest equivalents in the English alphabet; Scandinavian personal names using patronymics rather than surnames are indexed under first name; the prefixes ‘al-’ and ‘ar-’ are ignored (e.g. ‘al-madjus’ is filed as if it were ‘madjus’).
Aachen
Abbo de St Germain
Abbo of Fleury
Abd al-Rahmin, emir
Adalbert, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
Adaldag, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
Adalward the Younger, bishop of Sigtuna
Adam of Bremen
on Anund, king
on Birka defences
on Christianity in Sweden
on Cnut, king
on Danish Vikings
on deformities
on Egino, bishop
on Emund the Old
on Erik Segersäll
on Harald Bluetooth
on Hedeby-Birka sailing time
on Henrik, bishop
on Iceland
on Ingvar’s expedition
on Ivar the Boneless
on Olav Haraldson
on Olof Sköttkonung
on Ragnar Lodbrok
reliability as source
on Sven Estridson
on Tadiko, bishop
on unfaithful women
on Unni’s mission to Denmark
Uppsala temple description
on Viking Age causes
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