The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (135 page)

Hobson, J.A.
255

Hofburg palace, Vienna
204
–5,
444

Hofmannsthal, Hugo
229

Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst, Prince Gottfried von
57
,
460

Hohenzollern
(yacht)
378

Hohenzollerns
65
,
70
,
74
,
77
,
81
,
329
,
386
,
429
,
505

Holstein, Friedrich von
47
,
317
,
362
,
363
,
364

and Bülow
77
,
79

character
79

close to Bismarck
79

and Eulenburg
369

and the first Hague Peace Conference
279
–80

and German-French relations
357

and Germany’s encirclement
356

head of German Foreign Office
57
,
74
,
323

hopes for rapprochement with Britain
75

on the Kaiser’s lack of military expertise
359

‘The Monster of the Labyrinth’
79

opposes Reinsurance Treaty
79

the power behind the scenes
79

resignation
368
–69

and Tangier visit
355
,
356

homosexuality
62
,
229
,
244
,
255
,
336
–37,
369

Hoover, President Herbert
234

Hopman, Albert
60
,
61

House, Colonel Edward
509

House of Commons
28
,
423
,
490
,
491
,
543
,
587

House of Lords
28
,
129
,
423

Hoyos, Count Alexander
520
,
521
,
522
,
523
,
536
,
602

Hull, east Yorkshire
159

Hungary

Compromise (1867)
207
,
208
,
214

economy
201

franchise
202

independence bid (1848)
207

as an independent kingdom
207

independent state
312
,
598

and the joint army
208
–9,
212

language issue
208
–9,
212

Ottoman control
380

parliament
208
,
209

Rumanians demanded political rights in
387

Huysmans, Camille
293

I

imperialism
276

imperial over-stretch
37
,
182

opposed by US
27

Salisbury on
252

scramble for colonies
xxi

seen as a measure of a nation’s power and vitality
251

and socialism
292

supply of unclaimed land running out
39

tensions caused by
14
,
27

Inchon, Korea
162

India
182
,
372
,
415
,
419
,
446
,
568

industrial revolution
14
,
15
,
183
,
233
,
296
,
301
,
304

industrialisation
32
,
67
,
164
,
231
,
237
,
284

industry

achievements in
xxviii
,
6

British industries being overtaken
37
–38,
55

growth in industrial working classes
7

increased output
7

Russia shifts from agriculture to industry
12

influenza epidemic (1918)
xx

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation (IMRO)
439

international arbitration
278
,
279

annual conference on (Lake Mohonk, New York State)
275

International Museum of War and Peace, Lucerne, Switzerland
272

International Peace Bureau, Berne, Switzerland
274

Interparliamentary Union
274
,
509

Invincible
(heavy battlecruiser)
112

Iran
514

see also
Persia

Iraq
493
,
519
,
597

Irish Home Rule
44
,
154
,
423
,
490
,
491
,
543

Irish question
xxvii
,
107
,
231
,
486
,
489
–91,
543
,
544

Isonzo River
219

Israel
493

Istanbul
see
Constantinople

Istria
389

Italian army
332
,
402
,
433
,
560

Italian constructivists
230

Italian navy
432
,
499
,
560

Italian Socialist Party
292

Italo-Turkish War (1911–12)
265
,
292

Italy

alliance with Austria- Hungary
496

ambitions for expansion
222

Austria-Hungarian fortifications and exercises at the border
218
–19

Bosnian annexation crisis
432

Conrad’s desire for war
218
,
220

economy
432

emigration
431

foreign relations
432

in Great War
597

imperialism in Africa
131

industrialising and modernising
13

naval building programme
128

neutrality
584

Paris Universal Exposition
4

population
431

pre-war dilemmas
559
–60

relations with Austria-Hungary
199
,
200
,
214
–15,
216
,
222
,
291
,
332
,
492
–93

relations with Britain
35
,
75
,
332

relations with France
145
,
221
–22,
332
,
357

seizure of Tripoli and Cyrenaica
413
,
441

strikes in
473
,
599

in Triple Alliance
xxix
,
38
,
45
,
74
,
78
,
147
,
187
,
190
,
199
,
216
,
221
–22,
312
,
332
,
433
,
493
,
559
,
561

and Tunis
150
,
221

unification
215
,
221
–22,
306
,
391
,
433
,
439

wants its place in the sun
471

war with Ottoman Empire over Libya (1911)
220
,
431
,
433
–35,
441
,
447
,
473
,
560

Ito Hirobumi, Prince
49
–50

Ivan the Terrible
181

Izvolsky, Alexander (Russian Foreign Minister, 1906–10)
183
,
191
,
192
,
339
,
391
,
392
,
428
,
495
,
533
,
583
, P1.
24

appearance
193

attitude to Europe
192
–93

background
193

blames Britain for impending war
558

Bosnia-Herzegovina annexation
395
,
396
,
398
,
401
–2

a broken man
403

character
193
,
393

dies in exile
602

education
193

Lamsdorff’s successor
192

opposes disarmament
282
–83

and Poincaré
486

Reval meeting
394

and second Moroccan crisis
422
–23

subsequent career
602

talks with Aehrenthal
393
–94,
395
–96,
602

J

Jagow, Gottlieb von
328
,
329
,
461
,
478
,
521
,
526
,
527
,
528
,
533
,
535
,
541
,
558

James, Henry
6
,
17
,
592

Jameson Raid
56

Japan

adaptation to the modern world
15
,
40
,
160

Anglo-Japanese Alliance
48
–50

declares war on Germany (1914)
597

enters the industrial age
55

first Hague Peace Conference
281

helps patrol the world’s waterways
xx

interest in Korea
50
,
160
–61

and international relations
15

and Manchuria
161
,
163

martial spirit
259

Nicholas II’s attitude to
171
,
174

Paris Universal Exposition
15
,
21

relations with China
27
,
40
–41,
48
,
160
–61

rise of
xx
,
xxi
,
48
,
101
,
259
,
270

Russo-Japanese war
xxvi
,
13
,
112
,
118
, P1.
12

and Spithead naval review
27

US establishes a presence
16

Japan Society
49

Japanese army
304

Japanese art
21

Japanese Empire
161

Japanese navy
100

and Anglo-Japanese Alliance
50

rise of
49
,
283

victory against Russia at Tsushima Strait
112

Jaurès, Jean
139
,
510
,
547
,
581
,
589
,
594
, P1.
13

appearance
288

background
288

belief in socialist solidarity
287

character
287
–88

death
582

education
288
–89

major speech at Basle
291

member of the French parliament
289

on Morocco
150
,
362
–63