The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England (99 page)

13
Exodus, I, VS. 15–21.

14
Sharp,
Midwives Book
, p.3.

15
Walker,
Holy Life
, p.86;
Hoby Diary
, p.63.

16
Pepys Diary
, IX, p.260.

17
Rueff,
Expert Midwife
, Introduction.

18
See Willughby,
Country Midwife’s Opusculum
, Sloane MSS, 529.

19
Willughby,
Country Midwife’s Opusculum
, Sloane MSS, 529;
Thornton Autobiography
, p.96; see
Freke Diary
, pp.24–5.

20
Aveling,
English Midwives
, pp.55–6; Stenton,
English Woman
, p.228.

21
Verney Memoirs
, IV, p.169; Ross,
Margaret Fell
, p.351.

22
Ross,
Margaret Fell
, p.292.

23
Humble Remonstrance of the Batchelors
, p.479; Sermon,
Ladies Companion
, p.5;
Pepys Diary
, III, p.16.

24
i.e.
Wandering Whore
, No. 2, p.5; No. 5, p.13.

25
Gouch,
Myddle
, p.173; Willughby,
Country Midwife’s Opusculum
, Sloane MSS, 529.

26
See Cutter and Viets,
Midwifery
, pp.44–7 for the early history of the Chamberlen family.

27
Cutter and Viets,
Midwifery
, p.50.

28
Aveling,
English Midwives
, p.8.

29
cit. Thomas,
Religion
, p.259.

30
cit. Aveling,
English Midwives
, pp.8–9.

31
Cutter and Viets,
Midwifery
, p.47.

32
Cutter and Viets,
Midwifery
, p.49.

33
See
Mrs Shaw’s Innocency Restored
.

34
cit. Cutter and Viets,
Midwifery
, p.49.

35
cit. Illick,
Child-Rearing
, pp.306, 333, 13.

36
Sharp,
Midwives Book
, p.3.

37
Clark,
Working Life
, p.263.

38
Shorter,
Women’s Bodies
, pp.141–3, 123–38; Eccles,
Obstetrics in Stuart England
, pp.123–4.

39
Donnison,
Midwives and Medical Men
, p.190.

40
By J.H. Aveling (founder of
The Obstetrical Journal of Great Britain and Ireland)
in
English Midwives
, 1872, p.39.

41
Sharp,
Midwives Book
, pp.6, 13, 38; Sermon,
Ladies Companion
, p.94.

42
Sermon,
Ladies Companion
, p.94;
Conway Letters
, p.153.

43
Sermon,
Ladies Companion
, p.94.

44
Aveling,
English Midwives
, p.39; Sharp,
Midwives Book
, p.184; Sermon,
Ladies Companion
, p.5.

45
Shorter,
Women’s Bodies
, pp.125–6.

46
Aveling,
English Midwives
, p.112.

47
Cellier, ‘Scheme for the Foundation of a Royal Hospital’, p.136.

48
Kenyon,
Popish Plot
, pp.189–90; Cellier,
Malice Defeated
, Preface.

49
But see J.H. Kenyon,
Popish Plot
, for the clearest summary of the various facts and suppositions.

50
Cellier,
Malice Defeated
, p.10.

51
Warner,
English Persecution of Catholics
, I, p.314.

52
Caulfield,
Portraits
, I, pp.25–6.

53
Dangerfield,
Grand Impostor
, p.4; Cellier,
Malice Defeated
, p.19.

54
Cellier,
Malice Defeated
, p.38.

55
cit. Aveling,
English Midwives
, p.64.

56
Cellier,
Malice Defeated
, p.28.

57
Cellier,
Malice Defeated
, p.42.

58
Hatton Correspondence
, I, p.236.

59
Cellier,
Malice Defeated
, p.32,

60
Life of Lady Russell
, p.44.

61
Midwife Unmask’d
, p.134.

62
See Aveling,
English Midwives
, pp.76–7.

63
Cellier, ‘Scheme for the Foundation of a Royal Hospital’, p.137.

64
See Cellier,
To Dr–, An Answer
, pp.1–2.

65
Cellier,
To Dr
–,
An Answer
, p.7.

66
Cellier,
To Dr
–,
An Answer
, p.8.

67
Strickland,
English Queens
, V, pp.214–26.

68
Dr Chamberlen’s Letter, Sloane MSS, 4107, p.150.

Epilogue: How Strong?

1
Mercurius Militaris
, 22 April 1649.

2
cit. Green,
Queen Anne
, p. 111.

3
Makin,
Essay on Education
, p.11; Notestein, ‘English Woman’, p.83.

4
Astell,
Reflections
, p.85.

5
Agrippa,
Female Pre-eminence
, pp.1–2.

6
Sprint,
Bride-Woman Counseller
.

7
Lawes Resolutions
, p.144;
Essay in Defense of the Female Sex
, p.38. (Probably written by Mrs Judith Drake, see Reynolds,
Learned Lady
, p.297.)

8
Hieron,
Helpe unto Devotion
, p.386.

9
Chambers,
Mary Ward
, II, p.33.

10
HMC, 12th Report, Appendix, Part V, p.158.

11
Seaver,
Seventeenth-Century England
, p.9.

12
Cust Family Records
, series II, p.120.

13
Cartwright,
Sacharissa
, p.74.

14
‘The Female Warrior’,
Douce Ballads
, I (79).

15
Taylor, ‘Treasures of Friendship’, p.53.

16
Abbadie,
Panégyrique de Marie, Reine d’Angleterre
, see esp. pp.2, 7, 8, 13, 31; it was also printed in English.

Reference Books

This is not a complete list of all works consulted (which would be impossible for reasons of space) but a list of those books to which allusion is made under short titles in the References.

The place of publication is London unless otherwise stated.

Abbadie, J., Docteur-en-Théologie, Ministre de la Savoye,
Panégyrique de Marie, Reine d’Angleterre, d’Ecosse, de France et d’Irlande, de glorieuse et immortelle mémoire, Décédée à Kensington le 28 décembre 1694
.

Adair, John,
Roundhead General, A Military Biography of Sir William Waller
, 1969.

Agrippa, Henry Cornelius,
Female Pre-eminence or the Dignity and Excellency of that Sex, above the Male
, Done into English with Additional Advantages, H.C. (Henry Care), 1670.

The Life and Death of that Excellent Minister of Christ, Mr Joseph Alleine
, 1672.

Allestree, Richard,
The Ladies Calling. In Two Parts. By the author of the Whole Duty of Man etc
., 5th impression, Oxford, 1677.

Ambrose, Isaac,
Works, including Prima, Media & Ultima
, 1674.

Anderson, Verily,
Friends and Relations. Three Centuries of Quaker Families
, 1980.

‘Anonymous Business Diary of a Midwife’, Rawlinson MS, D. 1141, Bodleian Library, Oxford.

‘Anonymous Folio Volume’ (of Anna Trapnel’s verse), S.1.42. Th., Bodleian Library, Oxford.

Artamenes or The Grand Cyrus. An Excellent new Romance. Written by that famous Wit of France, Monsieur de Scudéry … and now Englished by F.C., Gent
, 2 Vols, 1653.

Ashley, Maurice,
James II
, 1977.

Ashley, Maurice,
Life in Stuart England
, 1964.

Ashley, Maurice,
The Stuarts in Love
, 1963.

Astell, Mary,
Reflections upon Marriage
, 3rd edition. To which is Added a Preface, in Answer to some Objections, 1706.

Athenae Oxonienses
, ed. P. Bliss, 1813.

The Athenian Oracle, Being an Entire collection of all the Valuable Questions and Answers in the Old Athenian Mercuries
, 1703.

Aubrey, John,
Aubrey’s Brief Lives
, ed. and with a life of John Aubrey, Oliver Lawson Dick, 1968.

Aubrey, John,
Brief Lives and Other Selected Writings
, ed. and with an Introduction, Anthony Powell, 1949.

Austin, William,
Haec Homo. Wherein the Excellency of the Creation of Woman is described. By way of an essay
, 1637.

Aveling, J.H., MD,
English Midwives. Their History and Prospects
, 1872.

Ballard, George,
Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain Who have been celebrated for their Writings or skill in the learned languages, arts, and sciences
, Oxford, 1752.

Balleine, G.R.,
All for the King. The Life Story of Sir George Carteret (1609–1680)
, Channel Islands, La Société Jersiaise, 1976.

Bankes, Viola,
A Dorset Heritage, The Story of Kingston Lacey
, 1953.

Barham, Francis, ‘Discovery of the Authorship of the
Whole Duty of Man
’,
The Journal of Sacred Literature
, Vol. 5, 4th series, July 1864.

Barker, Jane,
Poetical Recreations Consisting of Original Poems, Odes, etc
, 2 parts, 1688.

Barksdale, Clement,
Letter touching a College of Maids or a Virgin Society
, 1675.

Batchiler, John,
The Virgin’s Pattern; in the Exemplary Life and lamented Death of Mrs Susanna Perwick
, 1661.

Reliquiae Baxterianae, or Mr Richard Baxter’s Narrative of the Most Memorable Passages of his Life and Times
, 1696.

Bayley, A.R., BA,
The Great Civil War in Dorset, 1642–1660
, Taunton, 1910.

Beard, Charles A. and Mary R.,
The Rise of American Civilization
, Vol. 1, New York, 1929.

Behn, Aphra,
The Works
, 6 Vols, 1904.

Berens, Lewis H.,
The Digger Movement in the Days of the Commonwealth
, 1906.

Birch, Una,
Anna van Schurman. Artist, Scholar, Saint
, 1909.

Black, W. George,
Folk-Medicine
, 1883.

Blundell, William, of Crosby, Lancashire, Esquire,
A Cavalier’s Notebook, Being Notes, Anecdotes and Observations
, ed. with introductory chapters, Rev. T. Ellison Gibson, 1880.

Blunt, Wilfrid,
The Art of Botanical Illustrations
, 1950.

Bowden, James,
The History of the Society of Friends in America
, 2 Vols, 1850.

Bowle, John,
John Evelyn and his World
, 1981.

The Works of Anne Bradstreet in Prose and Verse
, ed. John H. Ellis, Charlestown, 1867.

Brailsford, M.R.,
Quaker Women, 1650–1690
, 1915.

Braithwaite, W.C.,
The Beginnings of Quakerism
, 1912.

Braithwaite, W.C.,
The Second Period of Quakerism
, 1919.

Brathwaite, Richard,
The English Gentlewoman, Drawne out to the full Body: Expressing what Habilliments doe best attire her, what Ornaments doe best adorne her, what Complements doe best accomplish her
, 3rd edition, 1641.