The World at War (3 page)

Beatson-Hird, Lieutenant Denis,
51st Highland Division, Rhine crossing 1945.

Beaufre, General André
(1902–75), captain on the French General Staff in 1940, post-war strategic theorist, exponent of the French independent nuclear deterrent, author, among other books, of
The Fall of France
and
Deterrence and Strategy.

Beckett, Sergeant Bill,
Sherwood Foresters group interview, Nottingham.

Beese, Hertha,
Berlin housewife and Social Democrat.

Behrendt, Captain Hans-Otto,
Rommel's intelligence staff, author of
Rommel's Intelligence in the Desert Campaign.

Belchem, Major General Ronald
(1911–81), 7th Armoured Division in North Africa, 21st Army Group Staff for the Normandy landings.

Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince
(1911–2004), German consort to Queen Juliana of the Netherlands who fought against the Nazi occupation and became a rallying figure for the Dutch Resistance.

Bielenberg, Christabel
(1909–2003), Englishwoman married to an anti-Nazi German lawyer, author of
The Fast is Myself.

'Bill',
coal-mine striker, Betteshanger, Kent

Boas-Koupmann, Rita,
Dutch–Jewish teenage survivor of Auschwitz.

Bock, SS Lance Corporal Richard,
guard at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

Bohlen, Charles
(1904–74), US diplomat and Soviet expert.

Bokiewicz, Z T,
Polish Home Army, Warsaw uprising.

Boiler, Major W S,
Ordnance Corps, Burma.

Bolzano, Private,
Italian Army, North Africa.

Bonhoeffer, Emmy,
sister-in-law of German Resistance martyr Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

Boothby, Robert Lord
(1900–86), British Conservative politician, confidant of Churchill and RAF officer. Ennobled in 1958. His colourful private life led Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother to describe him as 'a bounder but not a cad'.

Bosnik, Private Anton,
Russian defender of Stalingrad.

Bottomley, Arthur Lord
(1907–95), British trade-union leader, Mayor of Walthamstow, Labour MP, held ministerial posts 1945–50 and 1964–67, ennobled in 1984.

Broher, Thérèse,
French civilian in Normandy.

Broth, Private Henry,
US serviceman in the Battle of the Bulge, 1944.

Brown, Guardsman,
Scots Guards, Glasgow-pub group interview.

Brown, Private Leonard,
The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, Burma.

Buckthorpe, Private,
Fourteenth Army, Burma.

Bundy, McGeorge
(1919–96), US wartime official in the Facts and Figures Department, later National Security Adviser to presidents Kennedy and Johnson during the Vietnam War, later Professor of History at New York University.

Bunt, Gwen,
Plymouth housewife, whose children were killed in the Blitz.

Bush, Lewis,
pre-war English teacher in Tokyo, later prisoner of war.

Bush, Professor Vannevar
(1890–1974), Chairman of the US National Defense Research Committee 1940, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development 1941^6.

Butler, Mr,
London air-raid warden during the Blitz.

Butler, Seaman Edward,
Royal Navy escort-ship crewman.

Butler, Lord Richard
(known as 'Rab' from his initials) (1902–82), British Conservative politician, leading pre-war appeaser, author of the Education Act, 1944, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1951–55, Home Secretary 1957–63, Foreign Secretary 1963–64, ennobled in 1965.

Calvert, Brigadier Mike
(1913–98), British irregular-warfare expert who led a column in the first Chindit operation in Burma and a brigade in the second. Commander of the Special Air Service Brigade until it was disbanded in 1945. Dismissed from the Army after a questionable court martial for homosexuality in 1951.

Chandos,
see Lyttelton.

Chantrain, Frau,
Cologne Red Cross.

Chistyakov, General-Colonel Ivan
(1900–79), Soviet anti-tank specialist (158th Guards Artillery) at the Battle of Kursk 1943, Commander-in-Chief Manchurian Front 1945–7.

Christiani, Eddi,
orchestra leader in occupied Holland.

Clark, General Mark
(1896–1984), Deputy Commander Operation Torch, Commander US Fifth Army, Allied Forces in Italy, UN Forces in Korea.

Clark, William,
merchant seaman.

Cochrane, Air Gunner John,
Eighth Air Force, USAAF.

Colacicchi, Lieutenant Paolo,
Italian Tenth Army, author of
L'ultimo fronte d'Africa.

Coleman, Marine Richard,
marine at Iwo Jima.

Collins, Major-General J Lawton
(1896–1987), US Army Divisional Commander on Guadalcanal, Corps Commander in Normandy and across Europe. US Army Chief of Staff during the Korean War.

Colville, Sir John
(1915–87), British official, Assistant Private Secretary to Chamberlain 1939–40, Churchill 1940–1 and Attlee 1945. Pilot in the RAF Volunteer Reserve 1941–44.

Combs, Gunner's Mate Tom,
on board USS
New Orleans at
Pearl Harbor.

Cooke, Sergeant Wilson,
US marine at Iwo Jima.

Corwin, Norman
(b. 1910), American broadcaster and radio playwright: his radio series
An American in England
is especially noteworthy.

Cotton, Marine Lenly,
marine at battle for Okinawa.

Cremer, Lieutenant Commander Peter-Erich 'Ali'
(1911–92), commander of
U-333
and latterly
U-2519.

Cruickshank, Private William,
British Army, Japanese prisoner of war.

Daniel, Lieutenant Hugh,
Eighth Army dispatch rider.

Doi, Staff Officer Akio,
Japanese Army General Staff.

Dönitz, Grand Admiral Karl
(1891–1980), German Navy, U-boat officer in First World War, Commander U-boats 1939–43, Commander-in-Chief of German Navy 1943–45, Head of State 1945, tried as a war criminal, imprisoned 1946–56.

Donnell, Lieutenant Patrick,
British Royal Marine Commando at Gold Beach, Normandy.

Doolittle, General Jimmy
(1896–1993), American aviation pioneer who led the first raid on Tokyo and commanded the Fifteenth and Eighth air forces in the Mediterranean and England.

Driberg, Tom Lord
(1905–76), Member of Parliament 1942–74, Chairman of the Labour Party, promiscuous homosexual and Soviet spy, ennobled 1976.

Duffin, Guardsman,
Scots Guards, Glasgow-pub group interview

Durrell, Lawrence
(1912–90), British author (of the 'Alexandria Quartet' among other works), wartime press officer, Cairo. Brother of the naturalist and writer Gerald Durrell.

Eaker, General Ira C
(1896–1987), first Commander of Eighth Air Force, USAAF, then of the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces 1943–45, one of the dominant influences in the founding of the USAF, retired as Chief of the Air Staff in 1948.

Easton, Marine Lieutenant Clayton,
marine at Iwo Jima.

Eden, Sir Anthony, Earl of Avon
(1897–1977), the youngest brigade major in the British Army during the First World War. Conservative politician, Foreign Secretary 1935–38, 1940–45, 1951–55, Prime Minister 1955–57 (responsible for, and broken by, the Suez operation), ennobled in 1961.

Eldering, Petronella
(1909–1989), member of the Dutch Resistance.

Elliott, Private George
(1917–2003), radar operator on the day of the Pearl Harbor attack.

Eyton-Jones, Captain William,
Merchant Navy, skipper of SS
Ben Vrachie,
sunk 1941.

Faithfull, Lucy,
English child-evacuee organiser.

Feldheim, Willy,
member of Hitler Youth, defence of Berlin.

Finch, Captain Thomas D,
Merchant Navy, skipper of SS
San Emiliano,
sunk 8 August 1942.

Finke, Colonel John,
Company Commander, 1st Division, at Omaha Beach, Normandy.

Fiske, Marine Richard,
on USS
West Virginia
at Pearl Harbor.

Fitzpatrick, Private Tom,
9th Australian Division, Eighth Army, North Africa.

Foot, Sir Dingle
(1905–78), Liberal MP and wartime Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Economic Warfare. Lost his seat in the 1945 election and subsequently joined the Labour Party: Solicitor-General 1964–67. Brother of Michael Foot.

Foot, Michael
(b. 1913), left-wing journalist
(Tribune, Daily Herald),
anti-appeaser in 1940, Labour Party leader 1980–83.

Frankland, Dr Noble,
Bomber Command navigator, co-author of the excellent but controversial 1961
The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany 1939–1945.
Director of the Imperial War Museum 1964–82, Chief Historical Adviser to
The World at War
series.

Fry, Private Ronald,
British Army, Japanese POW on the Death Railway, Burma.

Fuchida, Captain Mitsuo
(1902–76), Japanese naval airman who led the attack on Pearl Harbor and became an Evangelical Christian post-war.

Galbraith, Professor John Kenneth
(1908–2006), Canadian–American, influential Keynesian economist and official under presidents Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy and Johnson.

Galland, General Adolf
(1912–96), German fighter ace with 104 air-to-air victories, Commander of JG-26 by the end of 1940, Commander of Germany's fighter force 1941–45.

Gardiner, Private Noel,
2nd New Zealand Division, Eighth Army, North Africa.

Gariepy, Sergeant Leo,
Canadian tank commander, Juno Beach, Normandy. A Sherman tank recovered from the sea in 1970 and displayed on the sea front of Courseulles-sur-Mer bears a plaque dedicated to him.

Gary, Commander Donald
(1901–77), won the Medal of Honor during the near sinking of the aircraft carrier USS
Franklin
on 19 March 1945.

Gawalewicz, Dr Adolf,
Polish–Jewish lawyer and Auschwitz survivor.

Genda, Major General Minoru
(1904–89), Japanese naval airman who planned the Pearl Harbor attack and played a prominent role in the postwar Japanese Self Defence Force.

Good, Chief Steward Bertie,
Channel ferry
Royal Daffodil
at Dunkirk.

Gray, Dr J Glenn
(1913–77), US Army, served in Italy, France and Germany, author of
The Warriors: Reflections on Men in Battle.

Gray, Ursula,
wartime resident of Dresden, later wife of Dr Gray.

Greene, Sir Hugh Carleton
(1910–87),
Daily Telegraph
correspondent in Berlin in the 1930s, head of German Service, BBC, 1940, Director-General of the BBC 1960–68.

Greenfield, Lieutenant George,
British Army Officer at Tehran Conference.

Greet, Marine John,
marine at Iwo Jima.

Gretton, Vice-Admiral Sir Peter
(1912–92), wartime Escort Group Commander and author of
Convoy Escort Commander
and
Former Naval Person: Churchill and the Navy.

Gudgeon, Private Denis,
British Army, captured by the Japanese during the first Chindit operation.

Guingand, Major General Sir Francis de
(1900–79), Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Montgomery 1942–45.

Hammersley, Private Joe,
Fourteenth Army, Burma.

Harding, Field Marshal John Lord
(1896–1989), commanded 7th Armoured Division in North Africa, Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Alexander, Chief of the Imperial General Staff 1952–55, ennobled 1953, governor of Cyprus 1955–57.

Harriman, Ambassador W Averell
(1891–1986), US diplomat and politician, Special Envoy to Europe 1940, Ambassador to Moscow 1943–46, Secretary of Commerce 1946–48, Governor of New York 1954–58, chief US negotiator at Paris peace talks with North Vietnam 1968–69.

Harris, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur
(1892–1984), joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1915, Commander-in-Chief of Bomber Command 1942–45, retired 1945.

Hart, Captain Raymond
(1913–99), Escort Group Commander.

Herget, Major Wilhelm,
German fighter ace with 58 night kills.

Hiejenk, Commissioner,
Amsterdam police officer.

Hilse, Willi,
German railwayman at Auschwitz.

Hinrichs, General Hans,
German engineer officer in France, Russia and North Africa.

Hiss, Alger
(1904–96), senior US diplomat and foreign-policy adviser to President Roosevelt at Yalta, convicted of perjury in 1950 in relation to his activities as a Soviet spy.

Hodgkinson, George
(1893–1986), Labour Party agent and Coventry town councillor.

Hoffman, Private Wilhelm,
diarist, German Sixth Army, Stalingrad.

Hogan, Captain Neville,
Burma Rifles, Indian Army, survived the retreat from Burma and took part in the Chindit expeditions in February 1943 and March 1944.

Holmes, Flight Lieutenant Ray
(1914–2005), RAF fighter pilot who rammed a German bomber over London on 15 September 1940.

Honda, Lieutenant Ukikuro,
Japanese Army in Burma.

Horrocks, Lieutenant General Sir Brian
(1895–1985), Middlesex Regiment in WW1, commanded XIII Corps in North Africa and XXX Corps in Western Europe. Often wounded, he was invalided out of the British Army in 1949. An extraordinarily successful presenter of military history on television.