The World at War (4 page)

Hoshino, Naoki,
Japanese Fascist ideologist.

Höttl, Dr Wilhelm
(1915–99), SS official who worked with Adolf Eichmann in the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) and was the original source for the figure of six million Jewish Holocaust victims.

Howard, Private John,
Fourteenth Army, Burma.

Hruska, Marine Joe,
2nd Marine Division, Tarawa.

Iwanska, Professor Alicja,
participant in the Warsaw uprising who emigrated to the USA, author of
Polish Intelligentsia in Nazi Concentration Camps and American Exile: A Study of Values in Crisis Situations.

James, Brigadier William
(1895–?), 100th Indian Brigade, Burma.

John, Dr Otto
(1909–97), member of the German Resistance involved in the prosecution of war criminals at Nuremberg, later Head of the West German Security Service (BfV) who defected to East Germany in 1954 then returned to be imprisoned for treason 1955–58.

Johnson, General Leon
(1904–97), won the Medal of Honor leading 44th Bomb Group USAAF in the bombing attack on the Ploesti Romanian oilfields in August 1943.

Jong, Dr Louis de,
announcer on Radio Orange.

Junge, Gertrud 'Traudl'
(1920–2002), married to an SS officer killed in 1944, member of Hitler's stenographer pool who typed his last testament shortly before his suicide.

Kase, Ambassador Toshikazu
(1903–2004), Principal Secretary to two wartime Japanese foreign ministers, present at the surrender ceremony on USS
Missouri,
later Japan's first Ambassador to the United Nations.

Kehrl, Hans
(1900–84), Nazi industrialist, Chief of Planning Office in the Armaments Ministry. Sentenced to fifteen years' imprisonment in 1949, released in 1951.

Kempner, Dr Robert
(1899–1993), Chief Legal Adviser to the Prussian police until fired following the Nazi takeover in 1933. Expelled from Germany he returned as part of the US prosecution team at Nuremberg.

Kido, Marquis Koichi
(1889–1977), Japanese Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal 1940–45, sentenced to life imprisonment 1946, released 1953 for health reasons.

Kii, Tsuyako,
Tokyo housewife.

King, Cecil (Harmsworth)
(1901–87), hugely influential left-wing British newspaper proprietor, who in 1926 joined the
Daily Mirror,
at time of interview the biggest-selling newspaper in the world. As chairman (1963–68) of the post-war International Publishing Corporation he headed what was then the world's largest publishing group.

Kleist-Schmenzin, Lieutenant Ewald-Heinrich von
(b. 1922), German officer, July 1944 bomb-plot conspirator; his father Count Ewald was hanged.

Koch, Private Robert,
US 29th Division, Omaha Beach, Normandy.

Kochavi, Avraham,
survivor of Lodz ghetto and Auschwitz concentration camp.

Kodama, Yoshio
(1911–84), Japanese Nationalist politician, drug-smuggling millionaire and post-war power broker.

Kretschmer, Rear Admiral Otto
(1912–98), U-boat ace
(U-99)
who sank 46 ships. Joined the Bundesmarine in 1955, retiring as a rear-admiral in 1970.

LeMay, General Curtis
(1906–90), developed the defensive 'box' used by USAAF bombers over Europe and the strategic-bombing campaign against Japan. Post-war he directed the Berlin Airlift, built up the Strategic Air Command and was an aggressive Air Force Chief of Staff.

Levi, Primo
(1919–87), Italian-Jewish chemist sent to Auschwitz in February 1944. First published
Se questo è un uomo
in 1947, which became a best-seller in translation as
If This Is A Man
in the UK and
Survival in Auschwitz
in the US. Overcome by survivor guilt, he took his own life.

Levin, Private Arnold,
US 1st Division, Omaha Beach, Normandy.

Lindsay, Lieutenant Colonel Sir Martin
(1905–1981), regular British Army Officer turned Arctic explorer. Took part in the 1940 Norwegian Expedition, wrote
So Few Got Through,
an atmospheric account of 2nd Gordon Highlanders in 1944–45. Post-war Conservative MP, baronet 1962.

Lomov, General Nikolai
(1899–1990), Deputy Head of Red Army Operations 1944–46, then head of the Soviet General Staff's Far East Department who coordinated the invasion of South Korea by Kim II Sung in 1950. Later in charge of the Chief Operative Directorate and for many years Head of the Department of Strategy at the General Staff's Military Academy.

Looks, Lieutenant Commander Hartwig
(b. 1917), commander of
U-264,
1942–44.

Loveless, Private John,
US serviceman in the Battle of the Bulge, 1944.

Luft, Friedrich,
Berlin civilian.

Lynn, Dame Vera
(b. 1917), sang with the Ambrose Orchestra 1937–40, had her own radio show 1941–7. Famous for such wartime songs as 'We'll Meet Again', 'White Cliffs of Dover' and 'It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow'. Known as 'The Forces' Sweetheart' because she travelled as far as Burma to sing for troops in the field.

Lyttelton, Oliver, Viscount Chandos
(1893–1972), Conservative MP, President of the Board of Trade 1940–41 and 1945, Minister for the Middle East 1941–42, of Production 1942–45, for the Colonies 1951–54, ennobled 1954.

McBeath, Lieutenant Commander John
(1907–82), captain of HMS
Venomous
at Dunkirk.

McCloy, John
(1895–1989), US corporate lawyer, Assistant Secretary of War 1941–45.

McGee, Private John,
Infantry, Eighth Army.

Mahaddie, Group Captain Thomas Gilbert 'Hamish'
(1911–97), flew many bombing missions until rested as an instructor in July 1940. He returned as a Pathfinder from August 1942 until March 1943. Post-war he was the aviation consultant on the films
633 Squadron
and
The Battle of Britain.

Manson, Captain Frank
(1920–2005), crewman on USS
Laffey,
hit by five kamikazes on 16 April 1945.

Manteuffel, General Hasso-Eccard Freiherr von
(1897–1978), German Army, served in France, Eastern Front and North Africa, commander of Fifth Panzer Army in the Ardennes offensive and latterly Third Panzer Army in the East. Free Democrat representative in the Bundestag 1953–57.

Marshall, David,
Malayan member of the Straits Settlement Volunteer Corps.

Mash, Sapper Bob,
British combat engineer, Eighth Army.

Matsukawa, Kishi,
Hiroshima housewife.

Mauldin, Bill
(1921–2003), American cartoonist who created the archetypical GIs 'Willie and Joe' for
Stars and Stripes,
the Forces' newspaper, wounded at Anzio, later won two Pulitzer prizes as an editorial cartoonist.

Maurer, Dr Ekkehard
(1918–2002), German infantry captain on the Eastern Front, later a leading West German industrialist.

Meyer, Major General John
(1919–75), 352nd Fighter Group USAAF, who flew 200 combat missions with 24 confirmed kills. Eighth Air Force's top-scoring ace, three times awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.

Middleton, Drew
(1913–90), American journalist, foreign correspondent and military correspondent for the
New York Times.

Miller, Harry,
British civilian in Singapore.

Miner, Vernon,
merchant seaman.

Minogue, Joe
(1923–96), Royal Engineer who landed at Gold Beach, Normandy, on D-Day, later Foreign Editor of the
Guardian
newspaper.

Mitchell, Harry,
stretcher-bearer, 50th Division, Eighth Army, North Africa.

Morgen, Dr Konrad
(1910–76), German lawyer and SS investigating magistrate 1943–44, dealt with 800 cases of corruption and murder, resulting in 200 sentences, many of the so-called 'camp aristocracy'.

Mountbatten, Admiral of the Fleet Lord Louis, Earl Mountbatten of Burma
(1900–79), British Chief of Combined Operations 1941–43, Supreme Allied Commander South-East Asia 1943–46, Viceroy of India 1946–47. Murdered by the IRA along with his 14–year-old grandson, a local teenager and his eldest daughter's mother-in-law.

Murray, Lieutenant Ken,
staff officer, US Pacific Fleet.

Mutsu, Ian
(1907–2002), Japanese–English journalist.

Nakajima, Captain Tadashi,
Commander Mabalacat air base, the Philippines, organiser of first Special Attack Unit (kamikaze), co-author of
The Divine Wind.

Nakamoto, Michiko,
Hiroshima schoolgirl.

Nance, Lieutenant Ray,
US 29th Division, Omaha Beach, Normandy.

Nehring, General Walter
(1892–1983), commanded 18th Panzer Division in 1940, the Afrika Korps in 1942 and Panzer Armies on the Eastern Front in 1943 and 1945.

New, Private Wally,
Fourteenth Army, Burma.

Noguchi, Isamu
(1904–88), Japanese–American artist and landscape architect.

Oakley, Private H R,
British POW on the death railway, Burma

O'Connor, General Sir Richard
(1889–1981), Commander Western Desert Force 1940–41, captured, later commanded VIII Corps in North Europe: subsequently served in India and on the Army Board, resigning on a point of principle.

Okada, Lieutenant Teruo,
Intelligence Officer, Japanese Army in Burma.

Osterholz, SS Colonel Wilhelm,
battalion commander, Sixth SS Panzer Army 1944–45.

Oulton, Air Vice Marshal Wilfrid
(1911–97), RAF Coastal Command pilot and post-war air-traffic control pioneer.

Overlander, Mr,
Canning Town resident during the Blitz.

Owen, Corporal Eddy,
2nd Marine Division, Tarawa.

Owens, Lieutenant J K,
staff officer, Fourteenth Army, Burma.

Paerl, Jetje,
singer on Radio Orange.

Paisikowic, Dov,
Russian–Jewish survivor of Auschwitz.

Pederson, Marine,
2nd Marine Division, Tarawa.

Pene, Private Ruhi,
Maori member of the 2nd New Zealand Division in North Africa.

Pheffer, Herman,
disabled US serviceman.

Piers, Lieutenant Desmond 'Debbie',
Canadian commander of antisubmarine sloop HMCS
Restigouche.

Priestley, J B
(1894–1984), served in the infantry in First World War, prolific English novelist, playwright and wartime broadcaster.

Pullini, Lieutenant Emilio,
Italian Folgore (Lightning) Parachute Division, North Africa.

Pusch, Werner,
pre-war German Social Democrat who joined the SS.

Putterman, Lieutenant Felix,
Jewish–American US Army Civilian Affairs officer.

Rabeck, Marine Corpsman Herman,
marine at Iwo Jima.

Reed, Private Robert,
2nd New Zealand Division, Eighth Army, North Africa.

Rees, Major Goronwy
(1909–79), Marxist intellectual, British Combined Operations Staff Officer in the Planning Staff for D-Day, journalist, author and briefly a Soviet spy.

Reeves, Private Bert,
Anglo-Indian Fourteenth Army, Burma.

Reid, Flight Lieutenant William
(1921–2001), RAF Bomber Command pilot who won the VC on his eighth mission in November 1943, later flew with 617 Squadron until his aircraft was hit by a falling bomb in July 1944, from which he barely escaped to end the war as a POW.

Reiner, Lieutenant,
Fourth Panzer Army at Stalingrad.

Remer, Heipke,
member of the League of German Maidens.

Remer, Major General Otto-Ernst
(1912–97), commanded Guard Regiment in Berlin during 20 July bomb plot and instrumental in crushing the revolt.

Rheinheimer, Heinz,
German civilian living in Darmstadt.

Roberts, Captain Gilbert,
Director, Western Approaches Tactical Unit, Liverpool, developed anti-submarine techniques. His characteristic phrase 'the cruel sea' became the title of a book by Nicholas Monsarrat, a wartime naval officer.

Robertson, Second Lieutenant William,
US Army, met Russians at Torgau.

Rogan, Air Navigator John,
Eighth Air Force, USAAF.

Ronke, Christa,
Berlin schoolgirl.

Russell, Sir John,
British Minister in Moscow 1940–41.

Rybakova, Olga,
Leningrad housewife.

Sakai, Lieutenant Saburo
(1916–2000), Japanese Navy fighter ace.

Sakomizu, Hisatsune
(1902–77), Chief Cabinet Secretary to Prime Minister Kantari Suzuki, 1945.

Samuelson, Dr Paul
(b. 1915), member of the US War Production Board, Nobel Prize-winning Professor of Economics at MIT.

Sanematsu, Commander Yuzuru,
Naval Attaché at Japanese Embassy in Washington 1941.

Schimpf, Private Albrecht,
German Army on the Eastern Front.

Schmidt-Schmiedebach, Lieutenant Heinrich,
German artillery officer, Eastern Front.

Schroer, Major Werner
(1918–85), German fighter pilot who shot down 117 Allied aircraft, 59 over North Africa, 22 over Italy and the rest over Germany.

Schulze-Kossens, SS Lieutenant Colonel Richard
(1914–88), Adjutant to Hitler in the 1930s.

Schwerin-Krosigk, Lieutenant General Gerhard Graf von,
capable divisional commander who tried to yield Aachen to the Allies in 1944 and was only relieved of command, although his cousin Ulrich von Schwerin-Schwanenfeld had been hanged for treason only a month before. Had a major influence on the post-war Bundeswehr.