Three Scientific Revolutions: How They Transformed Our Conceptions of Reality (36 page)

109.
Crease and Mann,
The Second Creation
, p. 82. The subsequent parenthetical citation is to this work.

110.
Pais,
Inward Bound
, p. 290.

111.
Segrè,
From X-Rays to Quarks
, p. 171.

112.
Crease and Mann,
The Second Creation
, p. 83. The subsequent parenthetical citation is also to this work.

113.
Chris Quigg, “Elementary Particles and Forces,”
Scientific American
(April 1985): 83.

114.
Ne'eman and Kirsh,
The Particle Hunters
, p. 59. The following five parenthetical citations are to this work.

115.
Cf. George Johnson,
Strange Beauty
(New York: Vintage Books, 2000), pp. 267–96 for an excellent summary of this development. The immediately following parenthetical references are to this work unless or until otherwise indicated.

116.
Crease and Mann, “How the Universe Works,”
Atlantic Monthly
(August 1984: 91.

117.
Steven Weinberg,
Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist's Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature
(New York: Vintage Books, 1994), p. 237.

118.
Harald Fritzsch,
Quarks: The Stuff of Matter
(New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1983), p. 10.

119.
Crease and Mann,
The Second Creation
, p. 410.

120.
For a review of
The Grand Design
see Steven Weinberg's article, “The Universe We Still Don't Know,”
New York Review of Books
, February 10, 2011.

121.
Bill Bryson,
A Short History of Nearly Everything
(New York: Broadway Books, 2003), pp. 168–69. The following three quotations are also to this work.

122.
Albert Einstein,
Ideas and Opinions
(New York: Bonanza Books, 1964), p. 266.

123.
Albert Einstein, quoted from Manjit Kumar,
Quantum
(New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010), p. 320.

124.
Brian Vastag and Joel Achenbach, “Scientists Laud Particle Discovery,”
Washington Post
, July 8, 2012, A1. The following three parenthetical citations as A2 are to this article.

125.
John Horgan,
The End of Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age
(New York: Broadway Books, 1997), p. 231.

126.
Brian Vastag, “WIMPs: Hard to See but Vital to the Cosmos,”
Washington Post
, December, 4, 2012, pp. E1 and E5. The following parenthetical citations are also from E-5.

127.
Kaku Michio,
Parallel Worlds
(New York: Doubleday, 2005), p. 191. Until otherwise indicated, all the subsequent parenthetical citations are also to this work.

128.
Alex Rosenberg,
The Atheist's Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life Without Illusions
(New York: W. W Norton & Company, Inc. 2012), pp. 25–26.

129.
Michio Kaku,
Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100
(New York: Anchor Books, 2011). Except for two additional citations, all of the subsequent parenthetical quotations are to this work.

130.
Joshua Reynolds with Robert Heller, MD,
20/20 Brain Power
(Laguna Beach, CA: 20/20 Brain Power Partners, LLC, 2005), chaps. 8 and 10.

131.
Rosenberg,
The Atheist's Guide to Reality
, p. 180. The immediately following parenthetical references are also to this work.

132.
Michio Kaku,
The Future of the Mind
, p. 196.

133.
David Deutsch,
The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations that Transform the World
(New York: Viking Penguin, 2011), pp. 379–88.

134.
Sagan,
The Demon-Haunted World
, p. 263.

135.
Ariana Eunjung Cha and Sandhya Somashekhar, “FDA Panel Debates Idea of Three-parental Babies,”
Washington Post
, February 26, 2014, pp. A1, A4.

INDEX

absolute space and time, cosmological theory of,
13
,
63
,
76
,
77
,
140
,
164
–
65
,
166
,
198

Accademia dei Lyncei,
47

Achinstein, Peter,
111

Acta eruditorum [Acts/Reports of the Scholars]
(Wallis),
88

Adams, John,
18

“addition of velocities” rule,
167
,
169

adenine (A),
243

Æpinus, Franz V. T.,
104
–
105

aether,
152

and absolute space,
165
,
166

and celestial bodies,
23
,
37

and Michelson-Morely experiments,
144
–
45
,
165
–
66

Newton on Æthereal medium,
85
,
98
,
110
,
144
,
145
,
165

“Age of Enlightenment.”
See
Enlightenment, Age of

AI.
See
artificial intelligence (AI)

alchemy,
35
,
86
,
87
,
118
,
157

Alexander the Great,
27

Almagest
(Ptolemy),
29

alpha
rays (α),
156
,
157
,
173
–
74
,
176
,
177
,
178
–
79

American Philosophical Society,
102

Ampère, Andre Marie,
146

Anaxagoras,
11
,
21
,
117
–
18

Anaximander,
19
,
87

Anaximines,
19

Anderson, Carl D.,
208

Anglicanism,
71
,
72
,
81
,
92

Ångstrom, Anders Jöns,
148

angular momentum,
180
,
181
,
184
,
186
,
205

Annalen der Physik [Annals of Physics]
(journal),
163
,
194

“antimatter,”
208

Apelles.
See
Scheiner, Christopher

Apollonius,
38

Arab Spring,
252
,
253

Arago, François,
145
–
46

Archimedes,
28
–
29
,
38
,
43
,
47

Arian Creed,
72

Aristarchus of Samos,
20
–
21
,
28
–
29

Aristotle,
20
,
27
,
29
,
31
,
35
,
117

Aristotle's Lyceum,
24
,
27

cosmological system of,
23
,
37
,
43
,
46

dominance of philosophy from thirteenth to seventeenth centuries,
10
,
21
,
22
–
23
,
28
,
46
,
53
,
67

followers of,
141
–
42

and Galileo,
37
,
43
,
46
,
53
–
54
,
60
,
64
,
65

and Newton,
10
,
67
,
78
,
79

artificial intelligence (AI),
223
,
229
,
231
,
232
,
234
,
238
,
239
,
240
,
254

ASIMO (robot),
231
–
32

Assad, Bashar al-,
250

Assayer, The [Il Saggiatore]
(Galileo),
11
,
47
,
49
–
50

astrology,
35
,
118

Astronomia Nova [New Astronomy]
(Kepler),
39

astronomy,
10
–
12
,
14
,
20
–
21
,
36
–
49
,
53
–
58
,
81
–
82

clockwork universe,
11
,
37
,
41
,
64
,
91

distance of stars,
56

latest explorations,
45
,
222
–
23
.
See also
celestial mechanics; geocentrism; heliocentrism; solar system; sun

astrophysics,
87
,
148

Athanasian Creed and Isaac Newton,
71
–
72

atomic mass,
174
,
177

atomic number,
174
,
175
,
176

atomic weights,
125
–
37
,
147
,
149
,
176
,
177

atoms and atomism,
205
,
214

atomic stability,
175
,
186
,
188

Greek views on,
11
–
12
,
21
,
24
,
25
,
26
,
117
–
18
,
128
,
137
,
147

isotopes,
151
,
157
–
58
,
176
,
177

modern atomism,
117
–
37
,
147
.
See also
radiation; subatomic particles

founder of,
118

solar model of the atom developed by Bohr,
14
,
181
,
183
,
184
,
186
–
87
,
192
,
194
,
209

“plum pudding” model of the atom,
173
,
179
.

See also
molecules; radiation

Augustine, Saint,
33

“Autobiographical Notes” (Einstein),
162
–
63

Avogadro, Amedeo,
130
,
133
–
34
,
162
,
164

awareness and computers,
232
–
38

Bacon, Francis,
89

Balmer, Johann,
180
,
182
,
206

Barberini, Francesco,
59

Barrow, Isaac,
70
,
71
,
72

baryons,
212
,
214

Becher, Johann Joachim,
119

Becquerel, Henri,
150
,
156
,
157