Tolstoy (88 page)

111. Nikitina,
Sof'ya Tolstaya,
176.

112. A. N. Wilson
(Tolstoy,
London, 1988, 375) seems to confuse the religious principles of the Shakers with the ideas put forward by Stockham, who did not advocate complete celibacy, or that men and women should live platonically.

113. JE 63, 202.

114. JE 86, 188.

115. JE 63, 312.

116. See William Nickell, 'The Twain Shall Be of One Mind: Tolstoy in "Leag" with Eliza Burnz and Henry Parkhurst',
Tolstoy Studies Journal,
6 (1993), 130.

117. 'Stockham on the Ethics of Marriage',
American Naturalist,
30, 355 (1896), 569—570.

118. Opul'skaya 1, 175.

119. Opul'skaya 1, 173.

120. Opul'skaya 1, 182.

121. R. Bartlett, ed.,
Chekhov: A Life in Letters,
tr. R. Bartlett and A. Phillips, London, 2004, 197–198.

122. Chekhov,
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii ipisem,
Pis'ma, vol. 4, 270.

123. See Fodor,
A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia,
42.

124. See Tolstaya,
Dnevniki,
vol. 1, 168—179 for Sonya's detailed account of her visit.

125. Opul'skaya 1, 229.

126. 
Letopis'
2, 51.

127. Opul'skaya 1, 231.

128. 
Letopis'
2, 42.

129. Opul'skaya 1, 229.

130. William Stead,
The Truth About Russia,
London, 1888, 453.

131. 
www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/bio.php

132. Ewa M. Thompson,
Understanding Russia; The Holy Fool in Russian Culture,
Lanham, Md, 1987, 136—139.

133. See E. D. Meleshko,
Khristianskaya etika L. N. Tolstogo,
Moscow, 2006, 226—229.

134. Opul'skaya 1, 172.

135. Opul'skaya 1, 204.

136. Thompson,
Understanding Russia,
127.

137. JE 85, 270.

138. JE 25, 717.

139. Opul'skaya 1, 238.

140. See Ronald D. LeBlanc, 'Tolstoy's Way of No Flesh: Abstinence, Vegetarianism, and Christian Physiology',
Food in Russian History and Culture,
ed. Musya Glants and Joyce Toomre, Bloomington, 1997, 87.

141. Tolstoy, 'The First Step',
Essays and Letters,
tr. Aylmer Maude, New York, 1909, pp. 82—91.

142. See, for example, Eric Schlosser,
Fast Food Nation
(New York, 2001) and Jonathan Safran Foer,
Eating Animals
(New York, 2009).

143. Letter to Georgy Chekhov, December 1890, in Bartlett,
Chekhov: A Life in Letters,
257.

144. Letter to Evgraf Egorov, 11 December 1891, in Bartlett,
Chekhov: A Life in Letters,
289.

145. 
Letopis'
2, 34.

146. Tolstaya, 'Moya zhizn",
Novy mir,
80; Opul'skaya 1, 256.

147. Tolstaya, 'Moya zhizn",
Novy mir,
192.

148. 
Letopis'
2, 52.

149. Tolstaya, 'Moya zhizn",
Novy mir,
84—5.

150. 
Autobiography of Countess Sophie Tolstoi
, 62.

151. Tolstaya,'Moya zhizn",
Novy mir,
86.

152. 
Letopis'
2, 61, 63.

153. Opul'skaya 1, 251.

154. R. Vittaker, 'Posleslovie', in I. Borisova, ed.,
Neizvestnyi Tolstoi v arkhivakh Rossii i SShA,
Moscow, 1994, 240.

155. 
Letopis'
2, 61.

156. See Ewa M. Thompson, 'Holy Foolishness, Mental Illness and Mental Normalcy in Russia', in
Understanding Russia,
25—50.

157. Jonas Stadling, 'With Tolstoy in the Russian Famine',
The Century,
2 (June 1893), 249.

158. Tolstaya, 'Moya zhizn",
Novy mir,
98.

159. Opul'skaya 1, 252—254.

160. Tolstaya, 'Moya zhizn",
Novy mir,
98.

161. 
Letopis'
2, 70.

162. Opul'skaya 1, 257.

163. Tolstaya, 'Moya zhizn",
Novy mir,
99—100.

164. Jonas Stadling and Will Reason,
In the Land of Tolstoi: Experiences of Famine and Misrule in Russia,
London, 1897.

165. Opul'skaya 1, 267.

166. Robert Edwards, 'Tolstoy and Alice B. Stockham: The Influence of "Tokology" on
The Kreutzer Sonata
,
Tolstoy Studies Journal,
6 (1993), 90.

167. Opul'skaya 1, 164.

168. K. Kallaur, 'L. N. Tolstoi i Edin Ballu: dukhovnoe rodstvo', in Borisova, ed.,
Neizvestnyi Tolstoi v arkhivakh Rossii i SShA,
276.

169. Stadling and Reason,
In the Land of Tolstoi,
71.

170. Opul'skaya 1, 212—213.

171. 
Letopis'
2, 83.

172. JE 68, 235—236.

173. L. D. Opul'skaya,
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi: materialy k biografii's 1892 po 1899 god
[Opul'skaya 2], 45.

174. Opul'skaya 2, 44—47.

175. 
Letopis'
2, 149.

12 Elder, Apostate, and Tsar

1. V. Bulgakov,
L. N. Tolstoi v poslednii god ego zhizni,
Moscow, 1989, 71—72.

2. Roza Lyuksemburg, 'Lev Tolstoi',
O Tolstom,
ed. V. Friche, Moscow, 1928, 125. First published in
Die Gleichheit,
3 December 1910.

3. T. V. Komarova, ed.,
Druz'ya i gosti Yasnoi Polyane: materialy nauchnoi konferentsee posvyashchennoi 160-letiyu S. A. Tolstoi,
Tula, 2006, 104.

4. W. T. Stead,
The Truth About Russia,
London, 1888, 393.

5. The book was published in 1889. See
Literaturnoe nasledstvo,
75 (1965), vol. 1, 123.

6. Eugene-Melchior de Vogüe,
LeRoman russe,
Paris, 1886.

7. 'T. W. H.', 'The Russian School of Writers',
Harper's Bazaar,
20, 38 (1887), 642.

8. R. Löwenfeld,
Leo N. Tolstoj. Sein Leben, seine Werke, seine Weltanschauung,
Berlin, 1892; Evgeny Solov'ev,
L. N. Tolstoi, ego zhizn i literaturnaya deyatel'nost'. Biograficheskii ocherk,
St Petersburg, 1894.

9. George Kennan, 'A Visit to Count Tolstoy',
The Century,
34 (1887), 252—265; reprinted in
Americans in Conversation with Tolstoy: Selected Accounts, 1887–1923,
ed. Peter Sekirin, Jefferson, NC, 2006. This often valuable book is seriously undermined by its title. Apart from the obvious problem with the dates (Tolstoy died in 1910), many of the conversations are with people are who clearly not American, including Aylmer Maude, whose first name is misspelled 'Aymler' throughout.

10. Darra Goldstein, 'Is Hay Only for Horses? Highlights of Russian Vegetarianism at the Turn of the Century',
Food in Russian History and Culture,
ed. Musya Glants and Joyce Toomre, Bloomington, 1997, 103—123.

11. S. A. Tolstaya,
Dnevniki v dvukh tomakh,
ed. V. E. Vatsuro et al., 2 vols, Moscow, 1978, vol. 1, 122.

12. Tolstaya,
Dnevniki,
vol. 1, 224.

13. E. E. Gorbunova-Posadova,
Drug Tolstogo Mariya Aleksandrovna Shmidt,
Moscow,19,13.

14. Tolstaya,
Dnevniki,
vol. 1, 245.

15. Gorbunova-Posadova,
Drug Tolstogo Mariya Aleksandrovna Shmidt
, 73.

16. L. D. Opul'skaya,
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi: materialy k biografii's 1892po 1899 god
[Opul'skaya 2], 11.

17. Graham Camfield, 'From Tolstoyan to Terrorist: The Revolutionary Career of Prince D. A. Khilkov, 1900—1905',
Revolutionary Russia,
12, 1 (1999), 2—3.

18. Aylmer Maude,
The Life of Tolstoy
(rev. edn, Oxford, 1930), Ware, 2008, 626.

19. N. N. Gusev,
Letopis' zhizni i tvorchestva L'va Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, 1891—1910 [Letopis'
2], Moscow, 1960, 683.

20. 
Letopisi Gosudarstvennogo literaturnogo muzeya,
vol. 12:
L. N. Tolstoi,
vol. 1, Moscow, 1938, 114.

21. V. A. Mazur, 'Khozhdenie po mukam knyazya Dmitriya Aleksandrovicha Khilkova',
Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta,
15 (2000);
http://proceedings.usu
. ru/?base=mag/00i5(03_08—2000)&xsln=showArticle.xslt&id=a07&doc=../content.jsp

22. 
Letopis'
2, 111.

23. 
Letopis'
2, 155.

24. E. Popov,
Zhizn i smert'Evdokima Nikiticha Drozhzhina, 1866–1894,
Berlin, 1895.

25. Opul'skaya 2, 66—67.

26. Lao Tzu,
Tao Te Ching: A Book About the Way and the Power of the Way,
a new English version by Ursula K. Le Guin, with the collaboration of J. P. Seaton, Boston, 1998, 68.

27. See, for example, N. Berdyaev, 'Vetkhii i novii zavet v religioznom soznanii L. Tolstogo',
O religii L'va Tolstogo,
Moscow, 1912, 172—195.

28. M. V. Muratov,
L. N. Tolstoi i V. G. Chertkov,
Moscow, 1934, 231.

29. For further details, see Andrew Donskov, ed.,
Sergej Tolstoy and the Doukhobors: A Journey to Canada,
Ottawa, 1998, 3—8.

30. See Andrew Donskov, ed.,
Leo Tolstoy-Peter Verigin: Correspondence,
tr. John Woodsworth, Ottawa, 1995.

31. Tolstaya,
Dnevniki,
vol. 1, 245.

32. Tolstaya,
Dnevniki,
vol. 1, 227, 229.

33. Leah Bendavid-Val,
Song Without Words: The Photographs and Diaries of Countess Sophia Tolstoy,
Washington DC, 2007, 78.

34. Tolstaya,
Dnevniki,
vol. 1, 236.

35. Opul'skaya 2, 135.

36. Vladimir Zhdanov,
Lyubov'v zhizniL. N. Tolstogo
(1928), Moscow, 2005, 200.

37. Opul'skaya 2, 139.

38. Komarova,
Druz'ya i gosti,
173.

39. 
Letopis'
2, 173.

40. 
Letopis'
2, 177.

41. T. Polyakova, 'Velosiped No. 97011',
Prometei,
12 (1980), 415–418.

42. Opul'skaya 2, 189.

43. N. Nikitina,
Sof'ya Tolstaya,
Moscow, 2010, 201.

44. See Ul'rikh Lina,
Opasnyi yazyk,
Moscow, 1998.

45. L. L. Sabaneev, 'Moi vospominaniya o S. I. Taneeve',
Sergei Ivanovich Taneev: lichnost', tvorchestvo i dokumenty ego zhizni: k 10-ti letiyu so dnya ego smerti, 1915—1925,
Moscow, 1925, 101.

46. L. L. Sabaneev,
S. I. Taneev: Mysli o tvorchestve i vospominaniya o zhizni,
Paris, 1930, 121–122.

47. See Tolstoy's diary entry, November 1851 (JE 46, 237): 'I have never been in love with a woman - I felt one strong feeling similar to love when I was 13 or 14; but I don't want to believe that this was love; because the object was a fat maid (although she did have a pretty little face), and from 13–15 years is the most disorganised time for a boy (adolescence); you don't know what to throw yourself at, and lust, at that time acts with extraordinary force. I have often fallen in love with men ... I fell in love with men before I had any idea about the possibility of pederasty, but when I did, the idea of the possibility of coitus never entered my head...'

48. See Alexander Fodor,
A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia: the Partnership of Leo Tolstoy and Vladimir Chertkov,
Lanham, Md, 1989, 146–147.

49. Opul'skaya 2, 92.

50. JE 67, 62.

51. M. J. de K. Holman, 'The Purleigh Colony: Tolstoyan Togetherness in the Late 1890s', in
Tolstoi and Britain,
ed. W. Gareth Jones, Oxford, 1995, 155.

52. A. G. Rose, 'Some Influences on English Penal Reform, 1895–1921', in
Tolstoi and Britain,
262.

53. See Peter Brock, tr. and ed.,
Life in an Austro-Hungarian Military Prison: the Slovak Tolstoyan Dr. Albert Škarvan's Story,
Syracuse, 2002.

54. 
www.kirjasto.sci.fi/arvidj.htm

55. JE 68, 23.

56. Muratov,
L. N. Tolstoi i V. G. Chertkov,
232.

57. Opul'skaya 2, 155–156.

58. Georgy Orekhanov,
V. G. Chertkov v zhizni L. N. Tolstogo,
Moscow, 2009, 43.

59. Opul'skaya 2, 199–200.

60. Apostolov,
Tolstoi i russkoe samoderzhavie,
Moscow, 1928, 125–126.

61. Orekhanov,
V. G. Chertkov v zhizni L. N. Tolstogo,
31.

62. Opul'skaya 2, 234; Fodor,
A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia,
88–89.

63. See Fodor,
A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia,
67–68.

64. T. L. Sukhotina-Tolstaya,
Dnevnik,
ed. T. Volkova, Moscow, 1984, 163.

65. Sukhotina-Tolstaya,
Dnevnik,
132.

66. Fodor,
A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia,
67.

67. Sukhotina-Tolstaya,
Dnevnik,
300.

68. Muratov,
L. N. Tolstoi i V. G. Chertkov,
248.

69. S. M. Tolstoi,
Deti Tolstogo,
Tula, 1993, 77.

70. Tolstoi,
Deti Tolstogo,
175.

71. N. A. Kalinina et al.,
Perepiska L. N. Tolstogo's sestroi i brat'yami,
Moscow, 1990, 419, 431.

72. Opul'skaya 2, 252.

73. Tolstoy,
What is Art?,
tr. A. Maude, ed. W. Gareth Jones, Bristol, 1994, 184.

74. Opul'skaya 2, 158.

75. See Gary Adelman,
Anna Karenina: The Bitterness of Ecstasy,
Boston, 1990, 124–125.

76. A. B. Gol'denveizer, 'Tolstoi i muzyka: iz vospominanii',
Literaturnoe nasledstvo,
37/38, (I939) vo1. 2 591-594.

77. Gol'denveizer, 'Tolstoi i muzyka: iz vospominanii', 591–594.

78. S. L. Tolstoi, 'Muzykal'nye proizvedeniya, lyubimye L. N. Tolstym (po vospominaniyam'S. L. Tolstogo)',
Tolstovskii ezhegodnik,
St Petersburg, 1913, 161–162.

79. Alexandra Orlova,
Tchaikovsky: A Self Portrait,
tr. R. M. Davison, Oxford, 1990, 62.