Read Tower of Basel: The Shadowy History of the Secret Bank That Runs the World Online
Authors: Adam Lebor
Tower of Basel: The Shadowy History of the Secret Bank That Runs the World (50 page)
genesis of,
210
lack of confidence in,
264
as political compromise,
232–233
problem with,
235
Europe, plans for unification of,
165–166
,
173–174
European Central Bank (ECB),
xxi–xxii
,
230
,
231
,
243–245
,
257
,
258
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC),
167–168
,
171–172
,
210
European Cooperation Administration (ECA),
141
,
165
European Currency Unit (ECU),
210
European Economic Community,
192
,
219
European Economic Community Governors’ Committee,
209
European Monetary Cooperation Fund,
210
European Monetary Institute (EMI),
xxi
,
225
,
226
,
230
European Monetary System (EMS),
215
,
222
European Monetary Union (EMU),
xxi
,
210–213
European Movement,
173
European Parliament,
217
,
244
,
245
,
258
European Payments Union (EPU),
xxi
,
166–167
,
176
,
222
European Stability Mechanism,
248
European System of Central Banks (ESCB),
216
,
231
European Union (EU)
founding of,
219
similarities of to Nazi postwar plans,
220–223
Eurotower,
226
Extraordinary General Meeting,
268
F
Fannie Mae.
See
Federal National Mortgage Association
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC),
238
Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA),
238–239
Federal Open Market Committee,
xiii
,
244
,
269
Federal Reserve System
blockage of BIS transactions by,
95
,
111
contrast with BIS meetings,
xiii
currency swap network of,
190
dual mandate of,
244
Financial Stability Board, membership in,
257
loan to Bank of England,
193
membership in BIS,
xviii
,
229–230
refusal of directorship in BIS,
32
representation at BIS meetings,
180
rescue packages, participation in,
206–207
See also
New York Federal Reserve
Financial News
, on transfer of Czech gold,
61–62
Financial Stability Board,
xxii
,
250
,
257
Finland,
129
Finlayson, H. C. F.,
23
First Eagle Funds,
242
First National Bank of Chicago,
xviii
,
21
,
32
First National Bank of New York,
xviii
,
21
,
96
Flick, Friedrich,
35
Ford, Edsel,
36
Ford, Henry,
104
Foreign Policy Association,
140
Fournier, Pierre,
65
France
Belgian gold in,
85
economic instability of,
230
euro, acceptance of,
231
as founding BIS member,
13
,
19–20
gold reserves of,
55–56
gold standard and,
42
incorporation into Third Reich,
79
loan from Bank Deutscher Lander,
175
in London Gold Pool,
188
Marshall Plan payments to,
146
referenda on European Union,
245–246
silver reserves,
56
Treaty of Paris (1951), signing of,
167
Treaty of Rome (1957), signing of,
217
World War I reparations payments to,
5–6
,
9
,
11
,
28
,
39
Frank, Hans,
153
Franklin National Bank,
207
Fraser, Leon,
15
,
18
,
34
,
38
,
88
,
96
,
99
,
123
,
147
Freddie Mac.
See
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC)
Free Territory of Trieste,
166
Friedman, Milton,
68–69
Fromm, Bella,
48–49
Funk, Walther
imprisonment for war crimes,
159
Karl Blessing, protection of,
186
Kontinental-Öl, membership of board of,
184
Reichsbank, president of,
70
,
98
unified Europe, prediction of,
219
,
220–223
G
G10 governors’ meeting.
See
Economic Consultative Committee
G30 advisory group,
225
GAF.
See
General Aniline and Film
Gehlen, Richard,
182
General Agreement to Borrow,
191
General Aniline and Film (GAF),
36
,
100–102
General Motors,
104–105
George, Eddie,
242
German Credits Arbitration Committee,
74
,
76
German Potash Syndicate,
120
Germany
1930 elections, economic consequences of,
28
American investment in,
10
,
19
,
37
autarky, desire for,
35
Bank of Portugal, importance of in financial transactions,
114
Chase National Bank, relationship with,
106–108
Czechoslovakia, takeover of,
60
Enabling Act (1933),
33
European confederation, plans for,
221
as founding member of BIS,
xvii
,
20
Franco, provision of financial aid to,
55
gold, acquisition of,
86
industrial espionage in U. S.,
101
industrialists, postwar fate of,
157–163
modern economy,
223
Nazi party, postwar strategy of,
156–157
,
220–224
Nazi relationship with BIS,
xviii–xx
,
33
,
51
,
78–79
,
84–87
,
114–115
,
123
,
125–127
,
258
Poland, invasion of,
71
post–World War I conditions in,
6
postwar financial continuity in,
152–156
repatriation of gold reserves by,
263–264
SS (Schutzstaffel), financial empire of,
154–155
Treaty of Rome (1957), signing of,
219
See also
Reichsbank
;
reparation payments
Gewirtz, Paul,
107
Gilbert, Seymour Parker,
10
Gisevius, Hans Bernd,
160–161
Glass-Steagall Act (1933),
225
,
238
Global Economy Meetings,
xii
,
247
Globke, Hans,
182
Gold
Baltic gold, management of by BIS,
79–80
Bank of Greece’s missing gold,
23
Belgian gold reserves, fate of,
85–86
Czechoslovak gold affair,
59–63
gold exchange standard,
42
gold standard,
42
London Gold Pool (LGP),
xvi
,
188–189
looted,
xix
,
53
,
61
,
78
,
85
,
87–88
,
132
,
262–266
new emphasis on,
264
repatriation of German gold,
263
storage of in Switzerland,
115
Swiss-German gold-for-coal arrangement,
87
Goldman Sachs,
257
Governors’ Meeting,
xii–xiii
,
49–50
,
256
Graffman, J. Holgar,
118
Grand Hôtel et Savoy Hôtel Univers,
22
Gray, Prentiss,
17
Greece,
xx
,
23
,
25
,
79
,
167
,
223
,
248
,
265
Grose, Peter,
16
H
Hackworth, Green,
160
Haeften, Werner Karl von,
99
The Hague Arbitral Tribunal,
242
Hague Conference (1929-1930),
13
Hague Convention,
20
Hall, Richard,
167
,
176
,
198–199
,
209
Hamburg-American Line,
156
Hanes, John Wesley,
64
Hanfstaengel, Ernst,
76–77
Hansard
,
63
