Trotsky (41 page)

This book draws extensively on two main Trotsky archives, abbreviated in the notes as follows:

TEP Trotsky Exile Papers, The Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

TC Trotsky Collection, 1917–1980, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Other archival collections frequently cited are abbreviated as follows:

Buchman papers Alexander H. Buchman Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Glotzer papers Albert Glotzer Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Hansen papers Joseph Hansen Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Solow papers Herbert Solow Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Volkogonov papers Dmitri Antonovich Volkogonov Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

A number of works are cited throughout the Notes section. They are listed here, in alphabetical order, according to the abbreviations used for them in the notes:

Andrew & Mitrokhin Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
(Basic Books, 2001).

Brenner Anita Brenner,
Idols Behind Altars
(Payson & Clarke, 1929).

Broué Pierre Broué,
Trotsky
(Fayard, 1988).

Broué,
Léon Sedov
Pierre Broué,
Léon Sedov, fils de Trotsky, victime de Stalin (Les Éditions Ouvrières,
1993).

Cambridge History Alan Knight, “Mexico, c. 1930–46,”
The Cambridge History of Latin America,
vol. VII, Leslie Bethell, ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1984), 1–82.

Case The Case of Leon Trotsky: Report of Hearings on the Charges Made Against Him in the Moscow Trials
(Merit Publishers, 1968).

Craig I Gordon A. Craig,
Europe, 1815–1914,
3rd ed. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1971).

Craig II Gordon A. Craig,
Europe Since 1914,
3rd ed. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1972).

Deadly Illusions
John Costello and Oleg Tsarev,
Deadly Illusions
(Crown, 1993).

Deutscher I Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Armed:
Trotsky, 1879–1921
(Verso, 2003).

Deutscher II Isaac Deutscher,
The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky,
1921–1929 (Verso, 2003).

Deutscher III Isaac Deutscher,
The Prophet Outcast: Trotsky, 1929–1940
(Verso, 2003).

Diary Leon Trotsky,
Trotsky’s Diary in Exile, 1935,
Elena Zarudnaya, trans. (Harvard University Press, 1958).

Dugrand Alain Dugrand,
Trotsky in Mexico,
Stephen Romer, trans. (Car-cane, 1992).

Eastman Max Eastman,
Love and Revolution: My Journey Through an Epoch
(Random House, 1964).

Eastman,
Companions
Max Eastman, “Problems of Friendship with Trotsky,”
Great Companions
(Museum Press Limited, 1959).

Eastman,
Heroes
Max Eastman, “Great in a Time of Storm: The Character and Fate of Leon Trotsky,”
Heroes I Have Known: Twelve Who Lived Great Lives
(Simon and Schuster, 1942).

FBI Leon Trotsky’s Federal Bureau of Investigation file, made available through the Freedom of Information Act.

Feferman Anita Burdman Feferman,
Politics, Logic, and Love: The Life of Jean van Heijenoort
(A K Peters, 1993).

Glotzer Albert Glotzer,
Trotsky: Memoir & Critique
(Prometheus Books, 1989).

Hansen, “With Trotsky in Coyoacan” Hansen, “With Trotsky in Coyoacan,” introduction to Leon Trotsky,
My Life
(Pathfinder Press, 1970).

Herrera Hayden Herrera,
Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo
(Bloomsbury, 1998).

Howe Irving Howe,
Leon Trotsky
(Penguin Books, 1979).

In Defense of Marxism
Leon Trotsky,
In Defense of Marxism (against the petty-bourgeois opposition)
(Pathfinder Press, 1970).

Kelly Daniel Kelly,
James Burnham and the Struggle for the World: A Life
(ISI Books, 2002).

Kern Gary Kern,
A Death in Washington: Walter G. Krivitsky and the Stalin Terror
(Enigma Books, 2003).

Knei-Paz Baruch Knei-Paz,
The Social And Political Thought Of Leon Trotsky
(Clarendon Press, 1978).

Kolpakidi Aleksandr Kolpakidi and Dmitrii Prokhorov,
KGB: Spetsoper-atsii sovetskoi razvedki
(Olimp, Astrel, 2000).

Legacy The Legacy of Alexander Orlov: Prepared by the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary of the United States Senate, Ninety-Third Congress, First Session
(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973).

Leon Trotsky
Joseph Hansen et al.,
Leon Trotsky: The Man and His Work
(Merit Publishers, 1969).

Levine Isaac Don Levine,
The Mind of an Assassin
(Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1959).

Montefiore Simon Sebag Montefiore,
Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
(Alfred A. Knopf, 2004).

Mosley Nicholas Mosley,
The Assassination of Trotsky
(Michael Joseph, 1972).

My Life
Leon Trotsky,
My Life: An Attempt at an Autobiography
(Dover Publications, 2007).

Natalia Victor Serge and Natalia Sedova Trotsky,
The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky,
Arnold J. Pomerans, trans. (Basic Books, 1975).

Nikandrov Nil Nikandrov,
Grigulevich: Razvedchik, “kotoromu vezlo”
(Molodaya Gvardia, 2005).

Ocherki
Ocherki istorii rossiiskoi vneshnei razvedki,
vol. 3 (Mezhdunaro-dnye otnosheniia, 1997).

Polizzotti Mark Polizzotti,
Revolution of the Mind: The Life of André Breton
(Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995).

Poretsky Elizabeth K. Poretsky,
Our Own People: A Memoir of “Ignace Reiss” and His Friends
(The University of Michigan Press, 1970).

Rochfort Desmond Rochfort,
Mexican Muralists: Orozco, Rivera, Siqueiros
(Chronicle Books, 1993).

Salazar General Leandro A. Sanchez Salazar, with the collaboration of Julian Gorkin,
Murder in Mexico: The Assassination of Leon Trotsky,
Phyllis Hawley, trans. (Secker & Warburg, 1950).

Stein Philip Stein,
Siqueiros: His Life and Works
(International Publishers, 1994).

Sudoplatov Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, with Jerrold L. and Leona P. Schecter,
Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness—a Soviet Spymaster
(Little, Brown and Company, 1994).

Trotsky, “The Comintern and the GPU” Leon Trotsky, “The Comintern and the GPU,”
Fourth International,
vol. 1, no. 6, November 1940, 148–63; available at the Marxist Internet Archive, http://www.marxistsfr.org/archive/trotsky/1940/08/gpu.htm.

Tucker,
Stalin as Revolutionary
Tucker,
Stalin in Power
Robert C. Tucker,
Stalin as Revolutionary, 1879–1929: A Study in History and Personality
(W.W. Norton & Company, 1974).

Robert C. Tucker,
Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1928–1941
(W.W Norton & Company, 1990).

Ulam Adam Ulam,
The Bolsheviks
(Collier Books, 1965).

Van Jean van Heijenoort,
With Trotsky in Exile: From Prinkipo to Coyoacán
(Harvard University Press, 1978).

Venona
John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr,
Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America
(Yale University Press, 1999).

Venona Secrets
Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel,
The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America’s Traitors
(Regnery Publishing, 2000).

Volkogonov Dmitri Volkogonov,
Trotsky: The Eternal Revolutionary,
Harold Shukman, trans., ed. (The Free Press, 1996).

Wald Alan M. Wald,
The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s
(The University of North Carolina Press, 1987).

Wolfe Bertram D. Wolfe,
The Fabulous Life of Diego Rivera
(Cooper Square Press, 2000).

Writings Writings of Leon Trotsky,
2nd ed., Naomi Allen and George Breitman, eds., vols. 9–12 (Pathfinder Press, 1973–1978).

Prologue: A Miraculous Escape

he needed the money: Van to Frankel, February 27, 1938, TC 23:14; Natalia, “Father and Son,” in
Leon Trotsky,
42–43.

Trotsky often said to his wife: Natalia, 252.

Trotsky’s editors in New York: Alan Collins to Charles Walker, September 22, 1938, TEP 13957.

a boon to the Soviet caricaturists: for example,
Moscow News,
February 3–10, 1937.

Trotsky confidently predicted:
Writings,
12:290–91.

“Death to Trotsky!”: Hansen, “The Attempted Assassination of Leon Trotsky,” and Alfred Rosmer, “A Fictionalized Version of the Murder,” in
Leon Trotsky,
5–12, 77–79.

a meeting of his guards: Harold Robins, unpublished memoir, TC 30:1.

sound of automatic gunfire: my account of the “miraculous escape” is drawn from
Writings,
12:233–35; Natalia, 256–61; Adam [Hank Schultz] to Farrell Dobbs, May 25, 1940, TC 23:12; Harold Robins’s account, TEP 17193; Jake Cooper’s account, TEP 10725.

“assassination failed”…pretended to be dead:
Writings,
12:235.

Mexican detectives…not a miracle but a hoax: Salazar, 3–26.

Harte was a victim: Trotsky’s most elaborate statement is “False Suspicions about Robert Sheldon Harte” (unpublished manuscript in Russian), July 15, 1940, Hansen papers, 69:57.

Moscow radio: Deutscher III, 270.

interned in a large house: Deutscher III, 278–79; Natalia, 206–9;
Writings,
9:21–36.

“gravedigger of the revolution”: Deutscher II, 248.

“enemy number one”:
Writings,
12:241.

Trotsky was predicting…revolutionary shock wave: for example, “Hitler and Stalin: How Long Will It Last?”
Liberty,
January 27, 1940.

training ground…took refuge in Mexico:
Cambridge History,
46.

gathering danger: Trotsky to John Glenner [Jan Frankel], April 12, 1939, TC 10:56.

Chapter One: Armored Train

two sirens:
Writings,
9:56.

aged him five years: Trotsky to Tamada Knudsen, January 20, 1937, TEP 8696.

forests and fjords…shrouded in secrecy…“mysterious Mexico”:
Writings,
9:37–41.

apprehension rose…Baku, on the Caspian Sea…disembark voluntarily…Max Shachtman…more than two months:
Writings,
9:75–79; Natalia, 210; George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

two hours straight: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

“the whole New World”: Natalia, 210.

General Beltrán: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

by airplane or by train: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

culture shock:
Writings,
9:79.

Novack arrived…the train…was armored: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

shattering Rubio’s jaw:
Time,
February 17, 1930.

sun-baked landscape…huddled in a compartment:
Writings,
9:80; Natalia, 210.

formed a committee: Dewey et al. to Dear Friend, October 22, 1936, TC 25:4; “American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky: Declaration of Principles,” n.d., TC 25:4.

Dewey, the famous philosopher: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

series of ballads…Mexican folk songs: Dugrand, 17.

Rivera was livid…Anita Brenner: Herrera, 204–5.

Rivera’s great surprise: Wolfe, 238.

announced the good news…“splendid decision”: Suzanne La Follette to Dear Friend, December 11, 1936, TC 25:4.

Cárdenas rose to prominence…To establish his authority: Don M. Coerver, Suzanne B. Pasztor, and Robert M. Buffington, Mexico:
An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History
(ABC-CLIO, 2004), 64–68.

sympathetic to Marxist ideology…“the revolution itself!”: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 7, 1937, Hansen papers, 69:64; Van, 106.

anti-Trotsky posters…independent liberal class: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 5, 1937, Hansen papers, 69:64.

Cárdenas summoned Rivera…not land secretly…freedom of movement: Max Shachtman to Felix Morrow, January 5, 1937, TC 23:2.

change in the political atmosphere: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 5, 1937, and January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

serve Trotsky as a bridge…“one chance in a hundred”…attempt on his life…Thompson submachine gun: Max Shachtman to Felix Morrow, January 5, 1937, TC 23:2.

town of Cárdenas: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

“china-blue eyes”:
Writings,
9:41.

an additional locomotive:
Writings,
9:80.

his glory days: for accounts of Trotsky’s armored train, see
My Life,
411–22, and Volkogonov, 163–73.

Russia’s time of troubles: Nicholas V. Riasanovsky,
A History of Russia,
4th ed. (Oxford University Press, 1984), 453–61.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk…“breathing spell”: Ulam, 382–410.

Czechoslovak soldiers: George F. Kennan,
Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin
(Little, Brown and Company, 1961), 97–99.

“the shape of a noose”:
My Life,
396.

“flying administrative apparatus”:
My Life,
413.