Trotsky (42 page)

“Cowards, scoundrels, and traitors”: Volkogonov, 349.

“a real army”:
My Life,
408.

political commissars: Deutscher I, 344, 356.

internal lines of operation: Deutscher I, 358–59.

125,000 miles: Volkogonov, 165.

“Pullman wheels”:
My Life,
413.

“war of movement”:
My Life,
419.

“leather-coated detachment”:
My Life,
420.

supplies and gifts:
My Life,
414–15.

questions of strategy: Volkogonov, 143.

every tenth deserter: Volkogonov, 137.

“gangrenous wound”:
My Life,
401–2.

“Masses of men”:
My Life,
411.

Lev Davidovich Bronstein: Deutscher I, 1–47.

virulent form of anti-Semitism: Riasanovsky,
A History of Russia,
394–95; Richard Pipes,
The Russian Revolution
(Vintage Books, 1991), 70–71.

Many Bolsheviks had assumed: Deutscher I, 337, 345.

awards for bravery: Deutscher I, 349.

running feud with Stalin: Volkogonov, 132, 140–43;
My Life,
440–44; Deutscher I, 352–53.

Stalin’s intrigues: Deutscher I, 361–65; Volkogonov, 193.

heroic defense of Petrograd:
My Life,
423–35.

Order of the Red Banner: Volkogonov, 169.

“despised fascist hireling”: Volkogonov, 128.

“northerner’s fear of the tropics”:
Writings,
9:80.

Cárdenas himself typically arrived…“fat and smoldering”:
Time,
January 25, 1937.

separated from Natalia: Natalia, 211.

“mad dash”: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

occupy the Blue House temporarily: Max Shachtman to Felix Morrow, January 5, 1937, TC 23:2; George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

patio filled with plants and flowers: Natalia, 211.

orange tree:
Writings,
9:80.

“wild confusion”…retreat into private life: George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

La Venida de Trotsky:
George Novack to Felix Morrow, January 5, 1937, Hansen papers, 69:64.

“Out with Trotsky”: Novack to Morrow, January 13/15, 1937, TC 23:2.

“Down with Trotsky”: Time, January 25, 1937.

“polemic with flunkeys”:
Writings,
9:82.

bloodthirsty chorus: Natalia, 210.

secretarial staff: Max Shachtman to Felix Morrow, January 5, 1937, TC 23:2.

balance of power:
Writings,
9:80.

“ideal country for an assassination”:
Time,
January 25, 1937.

Chapter Two: Mastermind

“mad dogs be shot”…screaming headline: Tucker,
Stalin in Power,
370.

“Anti-Soviet Trotskyite Center”: Robert Conquest,
The Great Terror: A Reassessment
(Oxford University Press, 1990), 147–49.

mastermind: Leonard Schapiro,
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union,
2nd ed. (Vintage, 1971), 415–17.

Yuri Pyatakov…breakneck speed: Schapiro, 415; Montefiore, 211.

“semi-Trotskyites”:
Moscow News,
February 3–10, 1937.

strenuous time: Van, 104–5.

Nikita Khrushchev: Montefiore, 210–11; Conquest, 167.

confessions…endless fascination…hardened Old Bolsheviks: for example, “The Trial of the Trotskyites in Russia,”
The New Republic,
September 2, 1936; “The Moscow Trials,”
The Nation,
October 10, 1936.

Kingsley Martin:
New Statesman,
April 10, 1937.

“One can only be right with the Party”: Deutscher II, 114–15.

“The Pit and the Pendulum”:
Writings,
9:94.

Hippodrome: George Novack to Trotsky, February 4, 1937, TEP 3651; Elinor Rice to Trotsky, February 10, 1937, TEP 4250.

“one of the most dramatic events”: Harold Isaacs to Trotsky, February 2, 1937, TEP 2041.

telephone exchange: Van, 106–7.

atmosphere inside the Hippodrome:
The New York Herald Tribune,
February 10, 1937;
The New York Daily News,
February 10, 1937;
The New York Times,
February 10, 1937. Trotsky’s Hippodrome speech published as
I Stake My Life
(Pioneer Publishers [1937]).

series of resignations: Minutes of meeting of Trotsky defense committee, March 1, 1937, TC 25:5; Novack to “Committee Member,” March 16, 1937, TC 25:5.

signed a petition: Harvey Klehr,
The Heyday of American Communism: The Depression Decade
(Basic Books, 1984), 360; George Novack, “Radical Intellectuals in the 1930s,”
International Socialist Review, Vol.
29, No. 2, March-April 1968, 21–34; Deutscher III, 299.

morally responsible…positive achievements: Mauritz A. Hallgren to Hortense Alden, February 11, 1937, TC 25:5; Mauritz A. Hallgren,
Why I Resigned From the Trotsky Defense Committee
(International Publishers [1937]); James T. Farrell to Trotsky, February 8, 1937, TEP 936.

John Dewey viewed the matter: TC 25:5.

Dreyfus affair: Craig I, 331–35.

Dewey was by reputation: David C. Engerman,
Modernization from the Other Shore: American Intellectuals and the Romance of Russian Development
(Harvard University Press, 2003), 174–84.

Dewey’s reluctance: George Novack to Trotsky, March 22, 1937, TC 13:62.

Sidney Hook: Wald, 130, 132.

Trotsky himself was enlisted: Trotsky to Suzanne La Follette, March 15, 1937, TEP 8741.

Dewey relented: James Cannon to Bernard Wolfe, March 19, 1937, TEP 480.

“a great holiday in my life”:
Case,
584.

overdrive: Van, 108–9.

calls for Trotsky’s expulsion: George Novack to American Committee, April 28, 1937, TC 25:6.

hearings in a public hall: Press release for May 10, 1937, TC 25:7.

magenta blossoms: Dewey to Robbie Lowitz, undated [April 11, 1937], Glotzer papers, box 11.

six-foot barricades…atmosphere inside the Blue House: James T. Farrell, “Dewey in Mexico,” in
John Dewey: Philosopher of Science and Freedom
(The Dial Press, 1950), 361; Glotzer, 259; Van, 108.

turned away: Glotzer, 259.

Klieg lights: Herbert Solow to Margaret de Silver, April 10, 1937, Solow papers, box 1.

pitch of his voice: Albert Glotzer to Alan Wald, March 16, 1977, Glotzer papers, box 35.

“expulsed”: Farrell, “Dewey in Mexico,” 361.

the fate of his children: Solow to Margaret de Silver, April 10, 1937, Solow papers, box 1;
The New York Times,
April 18, 1937;
Case,
41–42.

Hotel Bristol:
Case,
167–73.

Berlin to Oslo,
Case,
204–26.

invited representatives:
Case,
64–65.

“Truth, justice, humanity”: Dewey to Robbie Lowitz, undated [April 15, 1937], Glotzer papers, box 11.

“dictatorship
for
the proletariat”:
Case,
357.

Dewey remained skeptical:
Case,
437.

Trotsky’s prophetic formulation: Deutscher I, 74, 79.

“permanent revolution”: Howe, 25–33; Knei-Paz, 108–74.

New Economic Policy: Stephen F. Cohen,
Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography,
1888–1938 (Vintage Books, 1975), 123–59.

“socialism in one country”: Tucker,
Stalin as Revolutionary,
368–94.

“super-industrializer”:
Case,
245.

slaughtered by the millions: Robert Conquest,
The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
(Oxford University Press, 1986).

“brute force”…“successes”…unnecessary brutality:
Case,
248–51.

“degenerated”:
Case,
282.

“under the Iron Heel”: Trotsky to Margaret de Silver, October 25, 1937, TEP 7672.

Carleton Beals…Frank Kluckhohn: Glotzer 266–69;
Case,
411–18;
The New York Times,
April 18 and 19, 1937;
News Bulletin
of the American Committee
for the Defense of Leon Trotsky, May 3, 1937, Glotzer papers, box 4; Dewey to Robbie Lowitz, April 20, 1937, Glotzer papers, box 11; Felix Morrow to Edwin L. James, April 5, 1937, TC 25:6; Wolfe, Van, and Frankel to Felix Morrow, April 22, 1937, Glotzer papers, box 4; Bernard Wolfe to Edwin James, May 21, 1937, Glotzer papers, box 4.

Dewey called it “a book”: Dewey to Robbie Lowitz, undated [April 15, 1937], Glotzer papers, box 11; Trotsky’s closing statement is in
Case,
459–585.

“And when he finished”: Glotzer to Alan Wald, March 16, 1977, Glotzer papers, box 35.

Dewey avoided stepping:
Case,
585.

“lion in a circus”: Dewey to Robbie Lowitz, undated [April 15, 1937], Glotzer papers, box 11.

Dewey said to Trotsky: Glotzer, 271; Van, 110.

“You were right about one thing”: Dewey to Max Eastman, May 12, 1937, Glotzer papers, box 11.

American press coverage: Pearl Kluger to Bernard Wolfe, May 12, 1937, TEP 6778.

Dewey came out fighting: text of Dewey’s speech is in TC 25:7.

best speech of his career…Hook told Dewey: Pearl Kluger to Bernard Wolfe, May 12, 1937, TEP 6778; Harold Isaacs to Cdes, May 10, 1937, TEP 6481.

thunderclap out of Moscow: Tucker,
Stalin in Power,
435–38; Volkogonov, 316–29; Schapiro,
The Communist Party,
423–24.

Kronstadt rebellion: Paul Avrich,
Kronstadt 1921
(W. W Norton & Company, 1974); Ulam, 472–73; Schapiro,
The Communist Party,
205–8.

memory of Kronstadt: Wendelin Thomas to Trotsky, June 24, 1937, TEP 5504; Knei-Paz, 556–57; Volkogonov, 393–94.

“One would think”: Deutscher III, 353–54; Trotsky to Wendelin Thomas, July 6, 1937, TEP 10569.

“shot like partridges”: Avrich, 146.

special source of concern: Trotsky to Goldman, September 5, 1937, TEP 8289; Trotsky to Dear Friend [Jan Frankel], January 26, 1938, TEP 8158.

“That you seek vindication”: Thomas to Trotsky, December 7, 1937, TEP 5506.

announced its verdict: press release of December 12, 1937, TC 25:8.

“our first great victory”: Hansen to Harold Isaacs, December 16, 1937, TEP 11535.

“tremendous”: Trotsky to Albert Goldman, December 21, 1937, TEP 8291.

“great moral shock”: Trotsky to Suzanne La Follette, December 22, 1937, TEP 8765.

Dewey made a radio broadcast:
The New York Times,
December 14, 1937.

Dewey expanded:
The Washington Post,
December 19, 1937, quoted in Glotzer, 137–38.

Trotsky…was indignant: Trotsky to Walker, January 12, 1938, TEP 10766; Van, 110.

one long essay: “Their Morals and Ours,”
New International,
June 1938; Knei-Paz, 556–67; Howe, 165–173.

“Idealists and pacifists”: Knei-Paz, 557.

“the end is justified”: Knei-Paz, 559.

“Means and Ends”: published in
New International,
August 1938.

“He was tragic”: Farrell, “Dewey in Mexico,” 374; Louis Menand, “The Real John Dewey,”
The New York Review of Books,
Vol. 39, No. 12 (June 25, 1992).

Chapter Three: Man of October

“The old man relaxed”: Bernard Wolfe to James Cannon, May 26, 1937, TC 23:2.

“Trotsky displayed all his amiability”…“like an object”…“most brusque”: Van, 26.

“slammed the door”: Van, 109–10.

“all my predictions”…“real prisoner”…“it would be a catastrophe”: Jan Frankel to Charles Walker, June 8, 1937, Glotzer papers, box 2.

experienced philanderer: Van, 114.

“richest vocabulary of obscenities”: Wolfe, 240–41.

considerable hardship: Herrera, chs. 4, 5; Wolfe, 242–43.

best-known work of art: Herrera, 109–11; Wolfe, 395.

Henry Ford Hospital:
Herrera, 143–45.

the fantastic and the grotesque: Wolfe, 394.

Fulang-Chang and I:
Herrera, 209–10.

“Frida did not hesitate”: Van, 110–12.

Diego’s own brazen philandering: Wolfe, 357–58; Herrera, 181, 199, 209.

“Make love, take a bath”: Herrera, 199.

“little goatee”: Herrera, 209.

Cristina’s house: Herrera, 210.

“Natalia was suffering”: Van, 112.

“one of the saddest
faces”: Farrell, “A Memoir on Leon Trotsky,”
University of Kansas City Review
23 (1957), 293–98.

athletic Seryozha:
Diary,
58–60, 69–70; Deutscher II, 311–12.

Kirov’s murder: Robert Conquest,
Stalin and the Kirov Murder
(Oxford University Press, 1989).

“proving extremely difficult”: Seryozha to Natalia, December 9, 1934, TEP 13521;
Diary,
108.

brutally interrogated…blamed themselves…“they will torture him”:
Diary,
60, 62–63, 69–70, 108, 129–30, 134–35.

Natalia issued an open letter: Deutscher III, 233.

“N. is haunted”:
Diary,
70.

mass poisoning of workers: Deutscher III, 294.

“To the Conscience of the World”: February 4, 1937, TEP 17310.

the “poisoner”:
Case,
40.

“drive Sergei to insanity”: Deutscher III, 294.

“ventured to speak to Trotsky”…“morbidly jealous”: Van, 112.

“Diego came by with a gun”: Herrera, 200–1.

habit of threatening people: Feferman, 144–45.

temporary separation: Van, 112.

Frida paid him a visit…“The stakes were too high”: Van, 112.

“very tired of the old man”: Herrera, 212.

Trotsky and Natalia’s correspondence, July 11–22, 1937: TEP 5573–75, 10613–27; published in French translation as
Correspondance 1933–1938
(Gallimard, 1980), translated, annotated, and with an introduction by Jean van Heijenoort.

They had met in Paris…“exceeded all expectations”…“Resembles Odessa”: Joel Carmichael,
Trotsky: An Appreciation of His Life
(Hodder and Stoughton, 1975), 70–73;
My Life,
142–49; Natalia, 11–12.