Tutoring Second Language Writers (39 page)

accent, written,
9
–10

accuracy, formal,
19

acoustic discernment,
188

active negotiation,
180
–81

agency,
9
,
35

Albania,
186

alliances,
46
–47

anxiety:
tutoring,
63
,
205
,
215
–216,
229
–230
;
writing,
38
–39,
44

assimilation, of language,
31
–32,42–43,
60
–61

audio recording, of tutoring,
124

Australia,
58

Bangladesh,
186

Bronx Community College,
16
,
186

Bulgaria,
61
,
67

Centro de Competencias de la Communicación,
11

China,
58
,
126
,
135

Chinese, language,
15

clause, grammatical,
19

code-meshing,
119
–20

code-mixing,
105
,
108
–11,
118
;
attitudes toward,
111
–17

code-switching,
12
,
102
,
118
,
131
,
202
;
attitudes toward,
111
–17
;
metaphorical,
105
,
106
–8
;
situational,
104

collaboration,
34

connected knowing,
209

contact zone,
118

contrastive rhetoric,
61
,
200
–1

conversation analysis,
143

critical thinking,
196
,
200
;
cultural differences in,
196
–97
;
in disciplinary writing,
222
–23
;
in tutoring,
195
–96,
207

Cuba,
136

cultural informant,
64
–65,
206

culture:
of inquiry,
32
;
large,
198
;
small,
198
–97

Dartmouth College,
68

developmental continuum,
217
–18

disciplinary writing,
18
,
220
–23; L2 writers,
215
,
218
–19; in tutoring,
214
,
231
–32

diversity: challenges,
215
; linguistic,
133
; tutors,
134

document collection,
144
–45

Dominican Republic,
186

editing,
237
;
L2 writers,
238
,
242
–50
;
self-editing,
245
–46,
251
;
tutor strategies,
242
–50

education:
progressive,
5
–6,
13
;
multicultural,
93
;
tutor,
9
,
32
–33,
46
,
47
–48,
49
–50,
125
,
133
,
153

empowering writers,
183
–184

English as a second language,
57

English language learner,
59

English-only policy,
11
–12,
82
,
104
–5,
117
;
in Puerto Rico,
79
–84

Epochal Time,
35

error gravity,
19
,
238

failure,
48
–49

Fanti, language,
176

feedback,
21

formal accuracy,
236

Ghanaian, language,
15

given-new information,
19

goal setting, in tutoring,
127
–28,
205
–6

identity,
10
–11,
15
–16,
53
;
construction of,
53
–54,
60
,
181
–83
;
cultural,
180
;
linguistic,
54
–55,
87
,
88
–89,
91
,
93
–94
;
tutor,
63

incorporating knowledge,
189
–90

India,
55
,
58

interlanguage,
236

international students,
55

interviews:
semistructured,
144
;
structured,
144
;
unstructured,
144

Ireland,
58

Japanese, language,
136

knowledge domains,
216
–17

laboratory, as method,
13

language learning,
186
–87;
listening,
188
–89
;
speaking,
190

Limited English proficiency,
59

Linguistic ideologies,
41
–42

linguistic informant,
64
–65

local vs. global concerns, in tutoring,
200
,
202
–5,
239
–40

lower-order concerns,
224
–25

Malaysia,
58
,
158

Mandarin, language,
135

miscommunication, cultural,
176

MIT,
18

multilingual learner,
59
–60

native English speaker,
58
–59

New Zealand,
58
,
200

Nigeria,
186

nonnative English speaker,
58
–59

Normandale Community College,
154

observation, for data collection,
144

Ohio State University,
28

online tutoring,
129

Othering,
198
,
199
,
200
–1

Pakistan,
58
,
186

permanent-resident L2 student,
56
,
61
–63

politics, language instruction,
134
–36,
177

postconference surveys,
150

pragmatism,
6
–7

praxis,
33
,
48

privilege,
38
–39;
language,
37

Puerto Rico,
78
,
79
–84,
84
–88,
88
–90,
186
,
199

quasi-experiment,
142

Québec,
82

racism,
28
–32,
36
–37,
45
,
50
,
126
,
166
,
177

reading:
global,
202
;
intercultural,
202
;
local,
202

reflection, reflective thinking,
7
–10,
15
,
17
–21

Republic of Ghana,
174
–75,
186

research:
action,
142
,
145
–46
;
case study,
147
;
condensing information,
168
–69
;
descriptive study,
143
;
ethics,
152
;
evaluative study,
143
;
grounded theory of,
142
;
ideas for,
13
–14
;
innovation in,
170
–71
;
maintaining focus in,
169
–70
;
methods of,
14
,
140
;
qualitative,
143
–44
;
questions,
140
–42

research analysis:
close vertical transcription,
147
–49
;
transcript, coding and analysis of,
149
–50

rhetorical informant,
64
–65

rhetorical strategies, in tutoring,
207
–8,
225
–28

rhetorical traditions,
244

role, in tutoring,
167
,
177

Russia,
186

second language, L2,
57
–58

separatism, of language,
43

social justice,
9
–11,
13
;
explanation of,
167
;
in tutoring,
166
–67

South Africa,
146

South Korea,
58
,
60
,
165

Spanish, language,
11
–12,
79
,
101
,
106
,
123
,
135
,
186

stimulated recall,
151

syntax,
176

Taiwan,
181

teacher feedback, writing,
176

Texas A&M,
195
,
200

Thailand,
19
,
158
,
236

transformative accommodation,
181
–83

tutoring, directive vs. nondirective,
126
,
128
,
129
–30

Twi, language,
176

United Kingdom,
58

Universidad del Turabo,
83

Universidad de Puerto Rico en Humacao,
11
,
78

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
153

University of Kansas,
156

University of Kentucky,
124

University of Minnesota,
154

University of Nebraska-Lincoln,
27
,
28

University of New Hampshire,
61

University of Puerto Rico,
82

University of Rhode Island,
206

video recording, of tutoring,
12
,
124
,
136
–37

vocabulary,
187
,
203

writer resistance,
229
–30

writing feedback, direct vs. indirect,
240
–41

writing center philosophy,
235
–36

written accent,
60
,
65
–67

world Englishes,
42

Amevuvor, J.,
viii
,
15
,
40
,
180

Anderson, K.,
117
–18

Atkinson, D.,
196
–97,
198

Babcock, R. D.,
viii
,
12
,
13
,
49
,
120
,
144
,
145

Balester, V.,
viii
,
17
,
45
,
61
,
64
,
177
,
219

Beaufort, A.,
216

Belcher, D.,
235

Blot, D.,
189

Bonilla-Silva, E.,
30
–31

Boquet, E.,
32
,
36

Brendel, C.,
154

Brooks, J.,
126

Bruce, S.,
viii
,
11
,
112
,
120
,
199

Burns, D. H.,
126

Canagarajah, S.,
46
,
60
,
119
–20,
180
–81,
218

Casillas-Olivieri, S. M.,
82
,
83

Castellanos, J.,
126
–27

Condon, F.,
viii
,
6
,
9
,
15
,
35
,
81
,
91
,
159
,
209

Connor, U.,
196
,
199
,
201
,
235

Coulthard, M.,
143

Cox, M.,
viii
,
11
,
45
,
53
,
60
,
62
,
84
,
88
,
176
–77,
183
,
199
,
206
,
216
,
224
–25,
243

Craig, J.,
viii
,
18
,
216

Cumming, A.,
142
–43

Daiker, D.,
125

Dees, S.,
41

Denny, H.,
31
,
32
,
42

Dewey, J.,
viii
,
3
,
5
–6,
7
,
8
,
9
–10,
13
,
17
,
19
,
20
–21,
25

Dinitz, S.,
49
,
150
,
151

Donahue, D.,
133

Dvorak, K.,
viii
,
12
,
69
,
95
,
124
,
140
,
202

Ebsworth, M. E.,
82
,
83
,
87
,
89
,
90

Ebsworth, T. J.,
82
,
83
,
87
,
89
,
90

Ferris, D.,
56
,
224
–25,
227
,
237
,
240
,
244

Field Belenky, M.,
209

Fischer, R.,
196
,
200
,
203

Fox, C.,
206
–8

Freire, P.,
viii
,
9
,
48

Geller, A. E.,
35

Gilewicz, M.,
147
,
149
,
160

Gillespie, P.,
viii
,
12
,
22
,
48
,
95
,
103
,
124
,
126
,
160

Gloria, A.,
126
–27

Godbee, B.,
41

Grill, J.,
41
,
44

Grimm, N.,
6
,
78
–79,
103
,
119
,
128
,
134
,
138
,
141

Habib, S.,
61
,
67

Harris, M.,
6
–7,
62
,
63
,
64
,
217
,
219

Hendrickson, J.,
239

Hofstede, G.,
197
,
240

Holliday, A.,
198

Horner, B.,
46
,
104
,
133
,
146

Hudson, R. A.,
104
,
105
,
107

Hum, S.,
202

Hutchings, C.,
146

Hutchinson, G.,
viii
,
12
,
48
,
95
,
103
,
160

Jacobson, K. H.,
146

Johanek, C.,
150

Kachru, B.,
58

Kaplan, R. B.,
201

Kiedaisch, J.,
50
,
150

Kirsch, G.,
141

Kroll, B.,
64
,
217
–20

Kubota, R.,
201

Lehner, A.,
201

Leki, I.,
8
–9,
54
,
55
,
60
,
64
–65,
67
,
199
,
201
,
202
,
206

Linville, C.,
225
,
236
,
243
,
244

Liu, Pei-Hsun E.,
vii
,
15
–16,
39
,
81
,
103
,
184

Lorenz, F. O.,
67
,
237
–38

Lukes, M.,
41
–42

Lun V. M-C.,
196
,
200
,
202

MacCauley, R. K. S.,
119

Matsuda, P. K.,
46
,
62
,
201
,
219
,
224
,
225
,
243

McArthur, T.,
177

Meyer, D. E.,
67
,
237
–38

Moser, J.,
150
–51

Moore, T.,
196

Muñiz-Argüelles, L.,
82

Muñoz Claudio, A.,
94
–95

Nakamaru, S.,
32
,
203

Nan, F.,
154

NeCamp, S.,
133

Nicklay, J.,
154
,
156

Olson, B.,
viii
,
9
,
15
,
81
,
91
,
159
,
209

Olson, D.,
196
,
203

Ozias, M.,
41

Penti, M.,
141

Pousada, A.,
80
,
83
,
88

Powers, J.,
204
,
206

Praphan, P. W.,
vii
,
19
,
49
,
200

Raimes, A.,
189

Reid, J.,
56
,
64
,
218
–19,
220

Reyes Medina, J.,
vii
,
16
,
36

Roosevelt, R., Jr.,
29

Rymes, B.,
117
–18

Schweers, W. C., Jr.,
80
,
82
–83

Seong, G.,
vii
,
19
,
49
,
200

Severino, C.,
19
,
42
–44,
45
,
60
,
66
,
126
,
201

Shamoon, L. K.,
126

Silva, T.,
6
–7,
60
,
62
,
63
,
64
,
217
,
219
,
235

Sinclair, J.,
143

So, S.,
142
–43

Spolsky, B.,
81
,
82
,
87
,
94

Thomas, J.,
239

Thonus, T.,
141
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
149
,
156
–58,
160
,
201

Torruellas, R. M.,
82
–83,
89

Trimbur, J.,
6
,
46
,
104

Turner, C.,
29

Truscott, J.,
237

Vann, R. J.,
67
,
237
–38

Vélez, J.,
80
,
82
–83

Ward, C.,
196
,
200
,
203

Wiley, T.,
41
–42

Winans, A.,
199

Witherite, A. E.,
viii
,
14
,
29
,
166
–67,
169
,
170

Woodruff, M.,
29

Young, V. A.,
40
,
44
,
46
,
120
,
135
,
240

Zawacki, T. M.,
61
,
67