Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty (183 page)

Ko Yong-hui (dancer; wife of Kim Jong-il),
508
,
689
,
699–702

Ko Young-hwan (diplomat; defector),
372
,
396–397
,
490
,
493
,
509–510

Kumgang, Mount,
4
,
5
,
143

Hyundai resort and tours,
477–478
,
480
,
633–634
,
638
,
639–640
,
670

Kwangju uprising (South Korea),
151–152
,
561

labor

cheapness of, as lure to investors,
477
,
638

shortage,
158

wage differentials,
160
,
174

working hours,
469

land reform,
56–59
,
81
,
91
,
102

language, Korean

North-South differences,
328
,
332
,
380

writing system,
58
,
522–523

languages, foreign,
183–184
,
423
,
535

lebensraum
,
410–411
,
414–415

Lee Chong-guk (KPA sergeant; defector),
484
,
486–488
,
538
,
548

Lee Hu-rak (South Korean CIA chief),
136

Lee Jong-chan (South Korean intelligence chief),
549
,
574

Lee Jong-koo (South Korean defense minister),
445

Lee Ok-keum (homemaker),
121
,
305–310
,
316

Lee Soon-ok (prisoner; defector),
562–563
,
611–615

Lee Woong-pyong (MIG pilot; defector),
265–269
,
382

legal procedures, justice, individual rights,
567–575
,
611–612
,
613–614
,
618

arrest procedures, correction of abuses in,
571

leniency increased,
565–566
,
572

See also
human rights; punishment; purges;

surveillance

leisure, play,
405
,
406

Lenin, V. I.,
23–24

Lewis, John W.,
370
,
667

LG (Lucky Goldstar),
485
,
639

Li Il-nam (first cousin of Kim Jong-nam),
686–688
,
693

assassination,
695

defection,
693

Li Jong-ok (prime minister; economist),
155
,
506

Li Nam-ok (first cousin of Kim Jong-nam),
687–693

defection of,
691
,
693

Lim Young-sun (KPA lieutenant; defector),
483–484
,
491
,
493
,
543–547
,
550
,
571

literacy,
58–59

literature,
170
,
172
,
306
,
352–353

living standards,
301–308
,
335
,
453
,
463
,
482

Logan, Col. Edward O’Neal,
75–84
,
87
,
495

logging and mining in Russian Far East,
402–425
,
480
,
678

Luck, Gen. Gary,
676

MacArthur, Gen. Douglas,
79
,
82
,
85

machinery

heavy,
104
,
107

high-tech,
347

Japan competition envisioned,
97

machine tools,
159
,
177
,
348

See also
industry

Manchuria (Northeast China)

banditry in,
34
,
40–41

Korean migration to,
16–17

warlords in,
17
,
21
,
27
,
28

Mangyongdae

Kim Il-sung’s ancestral home at,
7
,
33
,
189
,
205

Mangyongdae Revolutionary School,
189
,
191
,
471–472

Kim Jong-il and,
191
,
208
,
239
,
372
,
383–384
,
471

Mansfield, Mike,
138

mansions, palaces and villas,
196–198
,
277
,
294–295
,
322
,
499
,
507
,
687
,
689

Mansions Special Volunteer Corps,
198–202
,
275
,
277
,
309–310
,
312–316
,
318
,
340
,
356
,
580

Mao Zedong

and Korean War,
66–68
,
78
,
81–82

Lin Biao case, as cautionary lesson to Kim Il-sung on succession,
192

“people’s war,” as Kim Il-sung model,
98

sex life compared with Kim Il-sung’s,
199

“march of hardship” (term for 1990s hard times),
517
,
573

markets,
404–405

farmers’,
104
,
359
,
662

Pyongyang,
667

M*A*S*H,
86

mass mobilization,
154–155
,
272
,
322
,
335
,
474

McCarthy, Sen. Joseph,
74

migration

to North Korea,
91

to South Korea,
57
,
90

ideological conformity resulting,
91

labor shortage and,
158

militarism

in children’s play,
689

costs to economic development, living standards,
124
,
133
,
396
,
449
,
505

defensive, offensive motivations,
124
,
126–127

domestic opposition to,
243

Kim Il-sung renunciation of, just before

death,
506

1960s beginning,
121

1970s,
133

military budget,
99
,
368
,
455–456

military dictatorship, under Kim Jong-il,
485

“military-first” ideology,
516

Communist Manifesto
jettisoned in,
665–666

offering guns
and
butter,
656

military-industrial complex

North Korean,
666

U.S.,
84

militia,
99

minerals,
51
,
58
,
63–64
,
124
,
176
,
366
.
See also
energy; gold; uranium

mines and mine workers,
303
,
388
,
412
,
429
,
503
,
505
,
559
,
561
,
563
,
567
,
569

assignment of discharged infantrymen,
527
,
530

as source of armed uprising,
527

missiles, North Korean,
635–637

comprehensive agreement,
658–659

opposed by U.S. advocates of Star Wars,
659

exports for foreign currency,
658

long-range,
635
,
639

as negotiating card,
636

nuclear-capable,
445–446
,
495

model workers.
See
Stakhanovism

money, heightened lust for,
518

Moon Ik-hwan (South Korean dissident),
625

Moranbong watch factory,
182

Mun Il-bong (finance minister),
661

museums,
8
,
126
,
327
,
330
,
353–355

music,
170–172

opera,
253–254

rock,
172
,
356
,
432

South Korean songs,
331
,
432

Myohyang, Mount,
353
,
506

Nam Chung (banished to mining camp; defector),
564–565
,
621–625

Namsan School,
211–212
,
383–384
,
471

national character,
8
,
19
,
220
,
257
,
343
,
344
,
370–371
,
544
,
550
,
561
.
see also
Confucianism; face; xenophobia

Nehru, Jawaharlal,
86

neutralization, of Korean Peninsula,
99
,
100
,
149

news media,
6
,
219
,
227
,
368
,
523

silenced by energy shortage,
517

Nixon, Richard M.,
137

Non-Aligned Movement,
137

North-South talks

July
4
, 1972, joint communiqué,
137

June 2000 summit,
634
,
646
,
648–652
,
655

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

withdrawal from,
488

nuclear umbrella

Russian,
123
,
124
,
444

U.S.,
113
,
443
,
457

nuclear weapons, U.S.,
114
,
436
,
513

capability as threat,
98
,
125
,
411
,
437
,
443–444
,
664–665

in
Pueblo
crisis,
129
,
131

removal,
442–446

See also
Korean War: nuclear weapons

nuclear weapons development

crisis of early 1990s,
369
,
435–446
,
450–452
,
456–458

external investment, economic cooperation, blocked due to,
481
,
485
,
501

delivery systems,
495

as deterrent,
439
,
483
,
486
,
671

compensating for conventional forces cuts,
667

freeze agreement (1994–95),
496–497
,
510
,
635