Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (1475 page)

mechanisms

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Panhypopituitarism

PaO
^2,
pancreatitis

Pap test

cervical carcinoma

cervical squamous cell carcinoma

endometrial carcinoma

pregnancy

Paracoccidioidomycosis

ACTH stimulation

adrenal insufficiency

cortisol

Parainfluenza virus (type 1-3)

acute rhinosinusitis

croup

pharyngitis

respiratory culture panel molecular assay

respiratory culture, rule out viral pathogens

viral pneumonia

Paraneoplastic antibodies

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes

anti-VGCC antibody

MS

paraneoplastic antibodies

Parasite examination

blood

infectious gastrointestinal diseases

macroscopic

ova and parasite examination, stool, (
See also
Ova and parasite examination, stool)

Parasite identification.
See
Macroscopic identification, parasites

Parasitic infections

amebiasis

ascariasis
(Ascaris lumbricoides)

babesiosis

beef tapeworm
(Taenia saginata)

cryptosporidiosis and other coccidia infections

cysticercosis (pork tapeworm,
Taenia solium
)

giardiasis

larva migrans (cutaneous and visceral)

leishmaniasis

malaria

microsporidiosis

pinworm infection
(Enterobius vermicularis)

schistosomiasis

strongyloidiasis
(Strongyloides stercoralis)

toxoplasmosis

trichinosis (trichinellosis;
Trichinella spiralis
)

trichomoniasis
See
(
See
Vaginitis and vaginosis)

Parathyroid gland and mineral metabolism disorders

hypercalcemia

hyperparathyroidism

osteoporosis

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

hypercalcemia

hypercalciuria

hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)

calcium and phosphorus levels

HPT
vs.
HHM

hypercalcemia

hypercalcemia diagnosis algorithm

hyperparathyroidism

serum calcium and serum PTH

Parathyroid secretory protein 1.
See
Chromogranin A

Parkinson disease (PD)

dementia

clinical presentation

movement disorders

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)

peripheral blood smear (PBS)

poikilocytosis

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

AML

aplastic anemia–PNH syndrome

aplastic anemias

bilirubin

Bone marrow

CBC

classic PNH

direct Coombs test

ferritin

flow cytometry

haptoglobin

iron

LDH

leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP)

pancytopenia

thrombophilia

Partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), trophoblastic disease

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO
²
), blood

asthma

metabolic alkalosis

mixed acid-base disturbances

Partial pressure of oxygen (pO
²
), blood

arterial pO
²

limitations

pulmonary embolus

uses

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

AML

a-Xa assay

clotting factors

clotting inhibitor detection

DIC

factor VIII

factor XII

factor XIII

Fletcher factor

hemophilia A and B

intracerebral hemorrhage

LA

pitfalls

PT

stroke

thrombocytopenias

von Willebrand disease

Parvovirus B19

hemolytic anemias

myocarditis

PAS.
See
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

Pasteurella multocida

Patau syndrome

Pathologic diagnosis

ovarian carcinomas

ovarian germ cell neoplasms

ovarian sex cord-stromal neoplasms

Pb.
See
Lead (Pb)

PBC.
See
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)

PBS.
See
Peripheral blood smear (PBS)

PCH.
See
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)

PCL.
See
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL)

PCM.
See
Plasma cell myeloma (PCM)

pCO
²
.
See
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO
²
), blood

PCOS.
See
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

PCP.
See
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

PCR

AML

HBV DNA

respiratory panel, bronchiolitis

PCT.
See
Procalcitonin (PCT)

PD.
See
Parkinson disease (PD)

PE.
See
Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Chlamydia
and
Chlamydophila

Chlamydia trachomatis

CRP

ESR

Gram stain

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

serum pregnancy test

wet mount

Pepsinogen I concentrations, low serum

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

GI bleeding

Peptostreptococcus

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUB).
See
Fetal blood sampling

Pericardial constriction

amyloidiosis, cardiomyopathy

BNP

breast cancer

dyspnea

Hodgkin lymphoma

NT-proBNP

Pericardial fluid

Pericarditis (acute) and pericardial effusion

COPD

diagnostic and laboratory findings

blood cultures

chest CT and MRI

chest x-ray

echocardiography

electrocardiography

histology

tuberculin skin test

pulmonary embolism

Perinatal testing, TM

HDFN

Rh prophylaxis

Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)

diarrhea

regional enteritis

ulcerative colitis, chronic nonspecific

vasculitis

Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)

Peripheral blood smear (PBS)

anemia

CML

erythroleukemia

hereditary spherocytosis

mechanical hemolysis

myelodysplastic syndromes

PCH

TTP

Peripheral edema, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Peripheral nerve system disorders

autonomic neuropathy

Bell palsy

bitemporal hemianopsia

cranial nerve neuropathy, multiple

diabetic polyneuropathy

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

mononeuropathy

oculomotor nerve palsy

polyneuropathies

pseudotumor cerebri

retrobulbar neuropathy

trigeminal neuralgia

Peritoneal fluid

Peritoneum associated with ascites disorders

ascites in fetus/neonate

chronic liver disease

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

infected ascitic fluid

malignant ascites

peritonitis, acute

primary peritonitis

secondary peritonitis

Peritonitis

acute

primary

secondary

Pernicious anemia (PA)