War: What is it good for? (92 page)

people's wars,
210
–
15
,
215
,
224
,
252
,
267
,
268

Pepys, Samuel,
189
,
190
,
197
,
255
–
56

Pergamum,
51
–
52

Perpetual Peace
(Kant),
211
–
13
,
235

Persia,
140
,
197
,
224
,
256
,
345
; cavalry of,
177
; first (Achaemenid) Empire,
50
,
64
–
65
,
65
,
84
,
103
,
107
,
118
–
20
; modern,
see
Iran; Mongol invasion of,
145
; oil in,
346
; Ottoman defeat of,
177
; Safavid dynasty of,
183
; second (Sasanid) Empire,
125
,
126
,
130
,
136
; tribal feuds in,
184

Peru,
33
,
67
,
193
; domestication of plants and animals in,
77
,
88
,
159

Peterson, Dale,
290
,
302

Petraeus, David,
351

Petrov, Stanislav,
19
,
25
,
269
,
295
,
373
,
375
; nuclear war averted by,
3
–
5
,
9
,
10
,
286
,
287
,
326
,
330
–
31
,
369
,
389

Pew Research Center,
362

Philip I, King of France,
136
,
138

Philip of Pergamum,
35
,
47

Philippines,
148
,
360

Philistines,
38

Pian del Carpine, Giovanni da,
144

Picasso, Pablo,
313

Pinker, Steven,
15
,
18
–
19
,
319
–
24

pirates,
185
–
86
,
193
,
195
,
197
; China and,
69
,
176
; global war on,
180
–
82
, 201–202; Roman Empire and,
35
,
39
,
41
,
47
–
48

Pirates of Penzance, The
(Gilbert and Sullivan),
238
,
403
n

Pizarro, Francisco,
193

plantations,
178
,
195
–
96
,
203
,
205

Plassey, Battle of,
200

Plataea, Battle of,
64
–
66
,
75
,
82
,
120

Plato,
50

Pliny the Elder,
43
,
69
,
73
,
74

Poland,
127
,
177
,
258
–
59
,
261
,
283
,
328
,
330
; in World War I,
249
,
251
; in World War II,
54
,
265
,
266

police,
40
,
58
,
236
,
260
,
310
; brutality of,
46
–
47
; secret,
6
,
270
; world's,
see
globocops

Polo, Marco,
170

Polybius,
37
,
62

Polynesians,
149
,
155
,
162

Pompeii,
40
,
73
,
105

Pompey, Gnaeus,
47
–
49
,
180

Pondicherry (India),
199

population densities,
see
crowding

Portugal,
219
,
343
; imperialism of,
163
–
64
,
167
,
178
–
79
,
192
–
93
,
201
; oceangoing ships of,
179
–
82
,
181
,
196
–
97

posthumans,
387
–
88

Potosí (Bolivia),
195

Prato (Italy),
147

preemptive wars,
118
–
21
,
244
,
350
,
353
; nuclear, threat of,
362
–
63
,
376

PricewaterhouseCoopers,
365

Princeton University Program on Science and Global Security,
373

Princip, Gavrilo,
236
,
245

Priscus,
143

private wars,
138
,
145
,
146

productive wars,
80
–
81
,
162
–
63
,
267
–
68
,
317
,
322
–
24
,
334
,
391
; in Africa,
152
–
54
; ancient,
93
,
98
,
108
–
109
,
111
–
13
,
175
,
336
; Cold War as,
331
; culminating points of,
116
,
122
,
126
,
132
,
209
; cycles of unproductives wars and,
130
,
132
–
34
,
136
,
141
–
42
,
146
,
149
,
154
,
164
,
183
,
192
,
337
; farming and caging and,
75
,
80
,
85
,
87
,
156
,
159
,
301
; in Hawaii,
150
–
51
; imperialism and reinvention of,
168
,
183
,
185
,
201
,
203
,
225
,
347
; in Japan,
151
–
52
; in Mesoamerica,
160
–
61
; migration and spread of,
127
–
28
,
152
; of Native Americans,
161
; revolutionizing of,
see
military affairs, revolutions in; 2; World War II as,
271
,
273

pronoiai
,
139

protohumans,
303
,
306
–
13
,
316
–
17
,
382
–
83

proto-Pan,
301
–
305
,
310

proxy wars,
269
,
326
,
327

Prussia,
114
,
212
,
215

Ptolemy VIII (Fatso), King of Egypt,
51
–
52

Puerto Rico,
219

Pulitzer Prize,
15

Punic Wars,
37
,
104
,
105
,
122
,
264

Puru, King,
107

Qaddafi, Muammar,
350

Qiang,
121
–
22
,
128

Qin Empire,
105
–
106
,
118

Qing dynasty,
183
,
185
,
227

Quebec,
195
,
219

raids,
86
,
90
,
336
; air,
270
,
283
,
371
; on ancient empires,
34
,
47
,
98
–
101
,
105
,
119
,
142
; barbarian,
129
,
133
; by chimpanzees,
288
,
291
,
300
–
301
,
318
; in Middle Ages,
136
,
175
,
242
; nomad,
119
–
21
,
125
–
26
; slave, in Africa,
204
; in Stone Age societies,
7
,
13
,
56
,
83
–
84
; in Vietnam war,
282

railroads,
219
–
20

Raleigh, Walter,
195

Ramses II, Pharaoh,
95

RAND Corporation,
325
,
359

rape,
9
,
21
,
83
,
145
,
316
; by bandits,
44
,
184
–
85
; by chimpanzees,
289
,
304
,
335
; by Japanese soldiers in Nanking,
262
; by Roman armies,
29
,
114

Reagan, Ronald, 3,
17
–
18
,
286
,
325
,
329
,
331
,
395
n

Red Queen Effect,
85
,
97
,
127
,
173
,
248
–
49
,
336
,
339
,
377

Republican Party,
188

Republicans, Jeffersonian,
208
,
213

ribonucleic acid (RNA),
294

Ricardo, David,
216

Richard III, King of England,
201

Richardson, Lewis Fry,
14
,
15
,
58

Riesman, David,
327

rifles,
220
–
21
,
222
,
254
,
352
; mass production of,
221

Riga, Battle of,
253
,
254

Right Stuff, The
(film),
280
,
406
n
Roanoke Island,
195

Robert II, Count of Flanders,
135
–
36
,
138

Robinson, James,
232

robotics,
371
–
77
,
382
,
390
;
see also
drones

Roggeveen, Jakob,
60

Roman Empire,
27
–
63
,
66
–
74
,
67
,
104
–
111
,
146
,
175
,
202
,
203
,
207
,
267
,
322
–
24
,
336
; area of,
67
,
104
; barbarian invasions of,
123
–
26
,
129
,
130
,
136
,
143
; Caledonia conquered by,
27
–
29
,
28
,
396
n
; Carthage in wars with,
37
,
104
,
105
,
122
,
264
; Chinese trade with,
121
; Christianity in,
49
–
50
; creation of,
8
,
323
; crucifixions in,
81
,
109
; dangers of Mediterranean before,
180
; fall of,
112
–
16
,
122
,
128
–
31
,
201
; epidemics in,
126
–
27
; European imperialism compared with,
227
,
232
,
264
; expansion of,
32
–
39
; Gaul in,
see
Gaul; India and,
74
; Jews expelled from,
266
; kingdoms bequeathed to,
51
–
52
; lands of beasts outside,
53
,
62
; in Middle Ages,
130
,
133
,
137
; military discipline of,
91
; Pax Romana,
39
–
43
,
46
; population of,
67
,
104
; ruling elites of,
24
,
44
–
46
; securing and restructuring campaigns of,
47
–
49
,
48
; size of army of,
187
; Stoicism in,
49
–
50
,
123
–
24
,
323
; weaponry of,
99
n
,
186

Romania,
114
,
115
,
238
,
258
,
330

Romeo and Juliet
(Shakespeare),
12

Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin,
224
,
253

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,
271

Roosevelt, Theodore,
257
,
392
–
93

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,
17
,
18
,
54
–
56
,
58
,
208

Roy, Rammohun,
230
,
231

Rumsfeld, Donald,
241

Russia,
183
,
212
,
224
,
234
,
242
; civil war in,
258
; communist,
see
Soviet Union; in
Crimean War,
224
–
25
; imperialism of,
177
,
286
,
346
; Mongols defeated by,
177
; Napoleon's invasion of,
114
,
214
,
215
,
268
; oil in,
346
; post-Soviet,
330
,
343
,
345
,
363
,
392
; railroad-building in,
220
; in World War I,
236
,
245
–
47
,
250
–
53
,
258

Russian Revolution,
251