Read Where the Conflict Really Lies: Science, Religion, and Naturalism Online
Authors: Alvin Plantinga
Tags: #Non-Fiction, #Biology, #Religious Studies, #Science, #Scientism, #Philosophy, #21st Century, #Philosophy of Religion, #Religion, #v.5, #Amazon.com, #Retail, #Philosophy of Science
Intelligent design, 52–53, 55, 67, 170–171, 193–194, 225, 227–236, 257–264
Intentionality/aboutness, 35
Internal Witness of the Holy Spirit.
See
Holy Spirit
Intervention. 69, 71–72, 74–75, 79–83, 96–121.
See also
special divine action
alleged problems with, 71–73, 74–75, 97–108
defining, 79–83, 96–97, 108–112, 118–119
Introspection, 312
Jammer, Max, 276n
Jesus seminar, 61
Johnson, Luke Timothy, 157
Johnson, Phillip, 7
Jones, John, 171
Kaufman, Gordon, 70n
Kim, Jaegwon, 67n
Kitcher, Philip, 31, 50n, 55–63
Kant, Immanuel, 88n, 154, 288, 311
Kepler, Johannes, 277
Knowledge, xiv, 4, 5, 30, 44, 46, 48–49, 141n, 166–167, 177–181, 240–244, 267, 270, 295–296, 301–302, 311, 312, 313, 339n
Kronecker, Leopold, 210
Langford, Jerome, 6n
Laplace, Pierre, 84–90, 91, 93, 105, 109
Laplacean demon, 84–87, 93
Laplacean picture, 84–90, 91, 93, 105.
See also
causal closure; determinism
Larson, E.J., 74n
Laws of nature, xiii, 38–39, 70–71, 74–75, 76–83, 85–90, 93, 94–96, 98–114, 118–119, 130n, 217, 273–274, 274–283, 292–293, 297–298, 299, 301–302, 324, 339
conservation.
See
conservation laws
contingency of, 217, 278–281, 299, 301–302
finite inviolability of, 280–281
Humean conception of, 83n, 88
Lewisian conception of, 88–89
necessity of, 274–282, 324
relation to causal closure, xii, 78–82, 85, 89–90, 94, 108–109
suspension of, 70–71, 74–75, 79–80, 82–83, 94–96, 98–108, 108–114, 118–119, 281–282
Leibniz, Gott fried, 77n, 107, 284, 297, 298
Lent, Craig, 95
Leslie, John, 196n, 219n
Levenson, Jon, 155
Lewis, C.S., 8, 59, 310
Lewis, David, 83n, 88, 213, 278n, 279
Lewis, Peter, 115n
Lewontin, Richard, 131n
Library of Life, 16, 39
Liddel, Eric, 135
Locke, John, 17, 32, 37–38, 47–48
Luskin, Casey, 54n
Luther, Martin, 8, 86, 154
Mackie, John (J.L.), xi, 79, 80n, 82, 102, 118
Macquarrie, John, 71, 90, 96, 158n
Malebranche, Nicolas, 107
Manson, Neil, 215, 216
Materialism, xiv, 29–30, 67n, 119n, 120n, 318, 320, 321n, 322, 322–325, 326–327, 329–331, 333–335, 335–337, 339
nonreductive, 322–325, 326–327, 329–333, 335
reductive, 322–325, 326, 333–335
Mathematics, 48, 133, 172, 178, 211, 270, 284–291, 301, 312, 326
accessibility of, 286–287
nature of, 287–290
knowledge of, 48, 178, 270, 301, 326
unreasonable efficacy of, 284–286, 287–290
Mavrodes, George, 42
Maudlin, Timothy, 92
Mayr, Ernst, 11, 277
McGrew, Lydia, 179n, 205–208, 210–211
McGrew, Timothy, 179n, 205–208, 210–211
McMullin, Ernan, 105–106, 113, 170
Meier, John, 159, 160
Methodological naturalism (MN).
See
naturalism, methodological
Mind, 14, 27–28, 31–32, 35, 37–40, 43, 60, 67n, 84, 132, 137, 139, 141, 151, 241–243, 245, 246, 248, 277, 288, 290, 298, 316, 318–319, 348n.
See also
dualism; materialism
explanations of, 28
Locke’s argument regarding the, 17, 32, 37–38.
See also
Darwin’s doubt
other minds, 43, 60, 141, 240–243, 245, 248
Miller, Kenneth, 52–53
Miller’s Principle, 332
Memory, 44–46, 48–49, 144, 149, 176–180, 189, 270, 302, 311–313
Mental content, 323, 348n.
See also
belief content; properties, mental
Merricks, Trenton, 343n
Miracles, xii–xiii, 3, 68, 71–72, 75, 78–79, 82, 83, 90, 94–96, 100, 104–106, 113, 118, 122, 137, 158, 160, 163, 169, 173, 174–175, 265
alleged conflict with science, xii–xiii, 3, 75, 90, 91, 94–96, 104–105, 112–113, 118, 121–125, 173, 174–178, 265
relation to causal closure, xiii, 71–72, 78–79, 79–82, 82–83
relation to quantum mechanics, 94–96, 112–113, 118
Mirandola, Pico della, 6n
Mither, Steven, 132
Mivart, St. George, 40n, 227
Monokroussos, Dennis, 26
Monton, Bradley, 95–96, 115n, 119n, 219n, 223n
Moral argument, 42
Moral law(s), 83n, 273, 276
Moral sense, 11, 32, 51, 178, 312
Mother Teresa, 41, 135–136, 186–188
Mouse, Mickey, 139
Multiverse, 212, 215–217
Music, 35, 132–133, 287
Mullen, John, 237n
Murphy, Nancey, 97, 114n
Murray, Michael,
xv
, 6, 56, 107
Nagel, Thomas,
xi
, 17n, 315, 316
Naturalism (N), ix–xiv, 24, 36, 50, 53–54, 56, 122, 168–174, 174–178, 181, 189, 263, 265, 282–283, 285, 288, 290, 298–299, 303, 307–311, 314–320, 322–326, 329, 333–335, 339n, 340, 346–350
as a quasi-religion, ix–x, xiv, 311, 350
methodological (MN), xiii, 168–174, 175, 177–178, 181, 189–190
metaphysical (ontological), 169, 316
relation to science, ix–xiv, 50–52, 122, 170–174, 174–178, 181, 189, 265, 299, 303, 349–350
See also
evolutionary argument against naturalism; Simonian science
Naturalistic origins thesis, 9
Natural selection, 9, 11–12, 13–19, 21, 23–24, 31–32, 34–40, 55, 63, 129, 131, 135, 139–140, 144, 147–148, 181, 227, 232, 234, 253–254, 258, 271, 286, 307n, 313, 315–316, 319, 330, 348
guided, 17, 27, 34, 39, 253, 308
unguided, 14, 17–19, 31–32, 38, 39, 40–41, 63, 232, 234, 307n, 308
Necessity, 100, 278–280, 283, 302, 324n
logical (broadly), 279, 324n
nomological/causal, 100, 278–280, 283, 302n, 324n
Necessary being, 30, 66, 222–223, 300
New Atheism, x–xi, 45n.
See also
four horsemen of atheism
Newton, Isaac, xi, 76, 78, 164, 193, 194, 266, 275, 284
Newtonian picture, 76–77, 79, 82, 84–85, 89–90, 91, 98n
Neural structure, 320, 324–325, 328, 330–331, 333n, 336
Neurophysiological properties (NP), 321–325, 327, 330–331, 334, 336–339
Nietzsche, Friederich, 314, 316
Noetic structure, 144, 184n, 260–262
Noncontingent, 50–51, 82, 338.
See also
necessity
Normalizability, 207–209, 256
Numbers, 29, 250, 288, 290–291, 301n
Observational selection effect, 200
Ockham, William of, 273–274, 302n
Organized complexity, 26–27
Orr, H.Allen, 17n, 75
Otte, Richard, 347n, 348n
Pairing problem, 67n, 119
Paley, William, 237–240, 244–248, 251–254, 256–257, 262
Papineau, David, 85n
Parsons, Charles, 289n
Peacocke, Arthur, 85n, 97, 98n, 104
Perception, 44, 45–49, 140–141, 144, 149, 156, 178, 179, 237, 243, 245–246, 249n, 258, 270–271, 302, 311–313
Perceptual beliefs, 140–141, 242–243
Persinger, Michael, 140n
Philosophical/ontological naturalism.
See
naturalism, metaphysical
Pieper, Josef, 273n
Pinker, Steven, 132, 137
Plato, 89, 236, 288, 319
Platonism, 288
Polkinghorne, John, 97, 114–115, 196n, 197
Pollard, William, 114
Positive epistemic status, 120, 244, 249–250
Possible world(s), 20, 29–30, 35, 39, 58–59, 66, 82, 210, 212–213, 216, 217, 222, 295, 300–301, 324
Possibility, 20, 25, 38–39, 40, 83n, 102, 214, 218, 231, 254
biological, 20, 25, 38–39
(broadly) logical, 20, 40, 254
epistemic, 25, 218
Predictability, 67, 85, 102–103, 117, 120, 271–273, 274, 282
Preservation, 11, 21, 39n, 56, 72, 110, 116, 308
Principle of indifference, 332
Probability, 20, 28–30, 50, 93, 103, 151, 168, 173, 197n, 198, 202, 206–211, 213–218, 219–224, 231–232, 235–236, 314, 317, 330–333, 333–335, 342–343, 349
antecedent/prior, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 240
conditional, 210, 317
epistemic, 29, 223, 332
initial, 168, 173.
See also
evidence base
logical, 29, 210
objective, 29, 30, 332
of cognitive reliability, given naturalism and evolution.
See
evolutionary argument against naturalism
probability measure, 207–208
statistical, 29
subjective, 332
Problem of evil, 50n, 56–58, 61, 10.
See also
suffering
Problem of old evidence, the, 219n
Progress thesis, 9, 11, 55
Proper function, 135, 148, 150–151, 166, 178, 257, 260, 295, 313, 347
Properly basic belief(s), 341
Properties, 56–57, 58–59, 66, 141n, 145, 201, 209, 215–216, 217–218, 241, 244, 249n, 288, 289, 292, 294, 300, 320n, 321–325, 327, 330–331, 332, 333, 334, 336–339
essential.
See
essential properties of God, 66, 300
mental, 241, 320n, 321–325, 327, 333, 339
neurophysical (NP).
See
Neurophysical properties
physical 320n, 322, 324, 333
reduction of mental, 321–325, 333
Providence, 65, 106, 114n, 272
Providentialist religion, 55–56
Pruss, Alex, 15n
Ptolemy, 185
Ptolemaic theory, 7
Quantum mechanics (QM),
xii
, 16n, 53, 90, 91, 92–97, 110–111, 113–121, 122, 130, 143–144, 286, 301, 308
Randomness of genetic mutation, 11–12
Ratzsch, Del, 237n, 245n, 246n, 301n
Reason, xi, 6, 42–48, 54, 144, 155–156, 178–180, 229n, 293, 295–196
deliverances of, 47n, 48, 144, 156, 179–180
in relation to faith.
See
faith, in relation to reason
sources of knowledge in addition to, 46–47, 49, 178, 267
Rationality defeater(s), 166–167, 340n
Rea, Michael, 348n
Reduction test, the, 186–188