Women in Dark Times (43 page)

 
  
86
    Luxemburg to Luise Kautsky, 15 April 1917,
Letters
, p. 392.

 
  
87
    Luxemburg to Mathilde Wurm, 16 February 1917,
Letters
,
p. 374.

 
  
88
    Luxemburg to Clara Zetkin, 23 January 1903,
Letters
, p. 148; see also ‘Life of Korolenko’, 1918,
Rosa Luxemburg Speaks
, ed. and introduction by Mary Alice Waters (New York: Pathfinder, 1970), p. 22.

 
  
89
    Luxemburg to Mathilde Wurm, 16 February 1917,
Letters
, p. 374.

 
  
90
    Luxemburg to Henriette Roland Holst, 17 December 1904,
Letters
, p. 182.

 
  
91
    Luxemburg to Robert Seidel, 23 June 1898,
Letters
, p. 65.

 
  
92
    Ibid.

 
  
93
    Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 54.

 
  
94
    Luxemburg and Eleanor Marx met at the Fourth Congress of the Second International in London July 1893. Karl Liebknecht, Luxemburg’s co-revolutionary at the time of the 1919 Spartacist revolution, was the son of Wilhelm Liebknecht, one of the most significant figures in the life of Eleanor Marx. The two women were also linked through Karl Kautsky and Clara Zetkin. For a powerful account of these links and of Eleanor Marx’s tragic relationship to Edward Aveling, see Rachel Holmes,
Eleanor Marx – A Life
(London: Bloomsbury, 2014).

 
  
95
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 2 March 1899,
Letters
, pp. 109–10.

 
  
96
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 24 March 1894,
Letters
, pp. 11–12.

 
  
97
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 24 March 1894,
Letters
, p. 10, emphasis original.

 
  
98
    Ibid.

 
  
99
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 30 April 1900, in Ettinger, ed.,
Comrade and Lover
,
p. 98.

 
100
    Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 108.

 
101
    Luxemburg, ‘Life of Korolenko’, p. 348.

 
102
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 17 May 1898,
Letters
, p. 42.

 
103
    Luxemburg to Sonja Liebknecht, 2 May 1917,
Reader
, p. 391.

 
104
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 6 May 1899,
Letters
, p. 114.

 
105
    Luxemburg to Robert and Mathilde Siedel, 11 August 1898,
Letters
, p.85.

 
106
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, in Ettinger, ed.,
Comrade and Lover
, p. 87.

 
107
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, July 1896, cited in Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 69.

 
108
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 24 June 1898,
Letters
, p. 71.

 
109
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 21 March 1895,
Letters
, p. 32.

 
110
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, around 13 January 1900,
Letters
,
p. 126; see also Ettinger, ed.,
Comrade and Lover
, p. 88.

 
111
    Luxemburg to Hans Diefenbach, 1917 (complete date not given), cited in Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 213.

 
112
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 17 September 1905, cited in Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 128.

 
113
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, September 1908 (complete date not given), cited in Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 258.

 
114
    Sheila Rowbotham, ‘Revolutionary Rosa’,
Guardian
, 5 March 2011.

 
115
    Arendt, ‘On Humanity in Dark Times’, p. 14.

 
116
    Peter Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, 2 vol. edition (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), Vol. 2, p. 492.

 
117
    Gillian Rose, ‘Love and the State: Varnhagen, Luxemburg and Arendt’,
The Broken Middle: Out of our ancient society
(Oxford: Blackwell, 1992).

 
118
    Rich,
Arts of the Possible
, p. 96.

 
119
    Luxemburg to Kostya Zetkin, 13 May 1907,
Letters
, p. 239.

 
120
    Luxemburg,
Herzlichst Ihre Rosa
, p. 216.

 
121
    Luxemburg to Kostya Zetkin, 13 May 1907,
Letters
, p. 239.

 
122
    Luxemburg cited in Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 95.

 
123
    Luxemburg,
Rosa Luxemburg Speaks
, p. 343.

 
124
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 2 March 1899,
Letters
, pp. 105–6.

 
125
    Luxemburg to Matthilde Siedel, 11 August 1898,
Letters
, p. 84.

 
126
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 16 July 1897,
Letters
, p. 37.

 
127
    Sigmund Freud,
The Interpretation of Dreams
, 1900, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, Vol. 5 (London: Hogarth 1958), p. 525.

 
128
    Luxemburg,
Mass Strike
,
p. 46;
Reader
, p. 191.

 
129
    Ahdaf Soueif, ‘One year on and we still march for justice’,
Guardian
, 25 January 2012.

 
130
    Christopher Bollas,
Free Association
(Cambridge: Icon, 2002), p. 36.

 
131
    Ibid., p. 11.

 
132
    Luxemburg to Franz Mehring, 31 August 1915,
Letters
, p. 351.

 
133
    Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 382, my emphasis.

 
134
    Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 81.

 
135
    Ibid.
,
p. 48.

 
136
    Ibid., p. 179.

 
137
    Arendt, ‘Rosa Luxemburg’,
Men in Dark Times
, p. 47.

 
138
    Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 12.

 
139
    Luxemburg to Henriette Roland Holst, 27 October 1904,
Letters
, p. 179.

 
140
    Luxemburg, ‘Life of Korolenko’, p. 351.

 
141
    Luxemburg to Luise Kautsky, 27 January 1917,
Letters
, p. 367.

 
142
    Cited in Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 507.

 
143
    Luxemburg to Mathilde Wurm, 16 February 1917,
Letters
, pp. 375–6.

 
144
    Minutes of the Proceedings of the Congress of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Berlin, September 1901, cited in Rory Castle, ‘ “You alone will make our family’s name famous” – Rosa Luxemburg, Her Family and the Origins of her Polish-Jewish Identity’,
praktika/teoretyczna
, 6, 2012, p. 120.

 
145
    Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 184; Luxemburg to Jogiches, 28 January 1902, in Ettinger, ed.,
Comrade and Lover
, p. 122.

 
146
    Luxemburg, ‘Po Pogromie’ (‘After the Pogrom’),
Młot
(
Hammer
), 8 August 1910, p. 10, cited in Castle, ‘ “You alone will make our family’s name famous” ’, p. 119.

 
147
    Ibid., pp. 100–6.

 
148
    Hannah Arendt,
The Jew as Pariah: Jewish Identity and Politics in the Modern Age
, ed. and introduction by Ron H. Feldman (New York: Grove Press, 1978), p. 246; see also Hannah Arendt,
The Jewish Writings
,
ed. Jerome Kohn and Ron H. Feldman (New York: Schocken, 2007), p. 466.

 
149
    Luxemburg, ‘The Junius Pamphlet’, p. 19; see also
Reader
, p. 321.

 
150
    Luxemburg to Sophie Liebknecht, 24 December 1917,
Letters
, p. 453.

 
151
    Luxemburg, ‘Life of Korolenko’, p. 360.

 
152
    Luxemburg, ‘The Junius Pamphlet’, p. 128; see also
Reader
, p. 341.

 
153
    Arendt, ‘Rosa Luxemburg’, p. 57.

 
154
    Luxemburg, ‘The Junius Pamphlet’, p. 125; see also
Reader
, p. 339.

 
155
    
Rote Fahne
, 18 November 1918, cited in Cliff,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 30.

 
156
    Luxemburg to Luise Kautsky, 15 April 1917,
Letters
, p. 393.

 
157
    Luxemburg, ‘Life of Korolenko’, pp. 355–6.

 
158
    Clara Zetkin, ‘Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht’,
Leipziger Volkszeitung
, 3 February 1919, in Clara Zetkin,
Selected Writings
, p. 155.

 
159
    Ibid.

 
160
    Luxemburg to Sophie Liebknecht, 24 December 1917,
Letters
, p. 457.

 
161
    Ibid.

 
162
    Ibid.

 
163
    Luxemburg to Clara Zetkin, 9 March 1916,
Letters
, p. 354.

 
164
    Ibid.

 
165
    Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 38.

 
166
    Rosa Luxemburg to Louise Kautsky, undated (from content: Fridenau, mid-August 1911), Luxemburg,
Letters to Karl and Luise Kautsky 1896–1918
(New York: Gordon Press, 1975), p. 164.

 
167
    Luxemburg to Clara Zetkin, after 23 January 1903,
Letters
, p. 153.

 
168
    Cited in Dunayevskaya,
Rosa Luxemburg
,
p. 27.

 
169
    Luxemburg to Clara Zetkin, 18 November 1918, 24 November 1918,
Letters
, pp. 480, 481.

 
170
    
Reader
, p. 239.

 
171
    
Reader
, pp. 236, 240.

 
172
    Luxemburg, ‘The Proletarian Woman’, 1914,
Reader
, p. 243.

 
173
    Luxemburg, ‘Women’s Suffrage and Class Struggle’, 1912,
Reader
,
p. 240.

 
174
    Ibid.

 
175
    ‘Address to the Socialist International Women’s Conference’,
Reader
, p. 237.