1434 (45 page)

De re Militari
(Santini), 223

Descriptio urbis Romae
(Alberti), 164–65, 196

de Soto, Hernando, 280, 281

De Statua
(Alberti), 156, 159, 161, 196

Destombes, Marcel, 105, 107

de Valverde, Friar Vicente, 280

Diamond,
HMS, 75, 81

Dias, Bartolomeu, xii, 128, 140, 144–45, 151, 240, 243

Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo, 284

di Cambio, Arnolfo, 181

di Georgio Martini, Francesco

on canals and locks, 158, 212, 213, 253

on Chinese inventions, 161, 163, 164, 187, 189–94, 254

Leonardo da Vinci and, xiii-xiv, 177, 178–81, 195–96, 212, 213, 253

pumps designed by, 202, 203, 204, 211

Taccola and, xiv, 182, 184–87, 211, 212

from Tuscany, 157

weapons designed by, 223–30

Diodorus Siculus, 51

di Virga, Albertin, xii, 66, 73, 74

DNA, 67, 69–70, 259, 269, 271, 275

Doges' Palace in, 44, 73, 77, 79, 103, 128, 129, 130

dogs, 20, 269

Donatello, 156–57

Dong, Paul, 26, 250

Dragon's Tail, 78, 102, 126

Dream Pool Essays
(Shen Kua), 209, 231–32

Dreyer, Edward L., 5

Dubrovnik, 65

Duccio di Buoninsegna, 86

Dunstable, John, 236

 

earth

position of, 141, 142, 143, 145, 247, 249, 253

roundness of, 18, 96, 97

trajectory of, 25–26, 34–35, 138, 139, 145, 146–47, 150, 159, 243, 244–45, 246

Easter, 133, 150, 152

Eastern Origins of Western Civilization, The
(Hobson), 199

eclipses

longitude and, 27, 34, 151–52

lunar, 34, 135, 143, 151

prediction of, 24, 27, 135, 144, 150–52, 251

solar, 135, 151–52, 153

Egypt

Armenia invaded by, 123

Chinese trade with, xv, 42, 44–48, 53–54, 57

civilization of, 271

Jews from, 46, 57

monsoons and shipping schedule, 40

part of Roman Empire, 132

pyramids in, 45, 48, 49

see also
Cairo

Empires of the Monsoon
(Hall), 44

Enlightenment, the, 57

Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae
(Kepler), 248

Epitome of the Almagest, The
(Peurbach and Regiomontanus), 246, 247

Essays in the Study of Sienese Painting
(Berenson), 86

Euclid, 163, 187

Eugenius IV, pope, 78, 89, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 101, 108, 119–20, 123, 134, 155, 158, 161, 182, 204, 212, 243, 251

eunuchs, 3, 5, 6, 45

Eutocius, 147

Extremadura, Extremadurans, 278–86

 

Fabriano, Gentile da, 76

Fang Bin, 5

Farang, 132–33

Feiizhou Hualiko Huarem,
48

Ferdinand, king of Spain, 104–5, 285

Fernandes, Valentin, 78, 79

Fernandez-Cobo, Mariana, 269

Fernando, Don, of Portugal, 78

Ferrara, duke of, 201

Ferrello, Bartolome, 263, 264

Filarete, 216, 217, 218, 219

Fiore, Jacobeló del, 76

Fiore de la Mar
(ship), 239, 240

firearms, 173–74, 219–30, 237

see also specific firearms

fireworks, 221–22

flamethrowers, 16, 21, 204, 219, 220–21, 222

flight, manned, 170–72

Florence, 83–93

Chinese delegation in, 38, 132, 134–36, 140, 161, 176, 233

Chinese female slaves in, 81, 82

Council of, 78–79, 90–91, 92, 158

Ponte Vecchio in, 174

pontificate in, 70, 93, 96, 124, 155, 161, 204

silk industry in, 200, 201, 204, 205

Venetian wealth and, 157

see also specific Florentinos; specific sites

Florida, 238, 252, 279, 280

Fontana, Giovanni di, 222–23, 224, 227, 240, 254

Forbidden City, 3, 4, 5, 14, 124, 233

Ford Bell Library, 111

Forlanni, Giovanni, 73–74

Foscari, Francesco, 78, 198

1421
(Menzies), xiii, 101, 102, 128

Frodsham, Charles, 111

Fulin, 132–33

Fustat, al-, 50, 51–52, 53–54

see also
Cairo

 

Gadol, Joan, 156, 159, 164–65, 251

Galileo Galilei, 26, 27, 248–51

Galluzzi, Paolo, 184, 186, 187, 191–92, 193, 194, 195, 196

Galvão, Antonio, 78, 102, 126, 265

Gama, Vasco da, 10, 223

Gan De, 26, 250

Garciá de Paredes, Diego, 280

gems, 94, 95, 96, 119, 125

Genghis Khan, 55

Genius of China, The
(Temple), 172, 197, 207–8

Genoa, 64, 65, 76, 85, 89, 155, 236

geometry, 159, 160, 236, 251

gifts, Chinese, 19–28

Giotto, 86

glass, 197

Globe Vert, 118

see also
Green Globe, of 1506

gnomon, 23, 27, 36, 137, 140

Goff, J. R., 260, 261

gold

in the Andes, 274, 275, 280

in Australia, 252

Chinese trade in, 57, 120, 124–25

as currency, 57–58, 133, 134

in Egypt, 55, 57–58

in Florentine buildings, 90

in Japan, 96, 114, 120, 126

in Mali and Guinea, 58

silver and, 115

in Venetian buildings, 75, 76, 77

Gómez, Esteban, xi, 102

Gong Zhen, 17

Gonzagas family, 214

grain, 52

Grand Canal

in China, 206–9

in Lombardy, 210–11

Grayson, Cecil, 160

Greece, Greeks, xv–xvi, 176, 187, 253, 254

Green Globe, of 1506, 118, 121, 122, 125, 126–27, 128, 129–30, 131

Gregory X, pope, 123

Griffin, Admiral, 12, 14

Grotius, Hugo, 265

Guadeloupe, 106

Guicciardini, Francesco, 205

Guillemard, F. H. H., 98–99

guilt, Indian test for, 44

Gulf, Persian, 40, 41, 43, 47, 239

gunpowder, 16, 22, 41, 172, 187, 219–20, 221–23, 224–30, 253

Guo Shoujing, 18, 23–24, 25–26, 27, 30, 33, 35, 37, 125, 147, 150, 154, 163–64, 244, 245, 248

Gutenberg, Johannes, 150, 234

Gymnase Vosgien, 117

 

Hai Da Er, 18

Hall, Richard, 44

Han dynasty, 8–9, 16, 27, 167, 169, 197

Han Zhenghua, 48

Harrison, John, 152, 153

Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
, 188

Harvatye Mariakyr, 67, 70–71

Hayashida, Kenzo, 12

Heilbron, John, 91

helicopter rotor, 170, 175, 180–81

“Helicopters and Whirligigs” (Reti), 180–81

Heliopolis, 50, 51

Henry III, king of France, 71

Henry the Navigator, 287

Henry Tsai, 4

Henry V, king of England, 89

Herodotus, 50–51

Hibbert, Christopher, 205

Himalayan Mountains, 39

Historia Mongalorum
(Pian del Carpine), 73

Histories
(Herodotus), 50

History of Egypt in the Middle Ages, A
(Poole), 51

History of the Inca Realm
(Rostworowski), 273

Hobson, John, 199

Holdaway, R. N., 258

Hollingsworth, Mary, 89, 90

Hong Bao, 13, 42, 43, 44, 45, 131

Hong Wu, 4, 17, 18, 19, 132–33, 262

Hooke, Robert, 24, 27

Hormuz, 47, 48

Hormuz, Strait of, 41

House of Medici, The: Its Rise and Fall
(Hibbert), 205

Hou Xian, 13

Hsuan Te, 266

see also
Xuan De, emperor of China

Huarache, Claudio, 271–72

Hubson, R. L., 53–54

Hudson, Ian, 164

Hui Hsien, 167

Humboldt Current, 270–71

Huo Lung Chung
, 226, 227

Hvar, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72

 

ibn Al-As Amir, 52

Ibn Battutah, 45

Ibn Khusrau, Nasir, 51

Ibn Tagri Birdi, 44

ibn Tulun, Ahmad, 52

Incas, 253, 271, 273–76, 278, 279, 280, 287

incense, 58

India

ambassadors from, 41

China known as, 99, 113, 121

Chinese trade with, 40, 46

civilization of, 271

Karim warehouses in, 54

on map in Venice, 77

monsoons in, 39

Nile Canal trade with, 52

ships from, 39–40

Indian Ocean, 28, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 67, 104, 128, 145, 223, 240, 277

Indians, North American, 264–65, 267, 268, 269–70

see also
Native Americans

Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza), 184, 225

Institute of Archaeological Studies, U.S., 268

“Invention of the Parachute, The” (White), 177

iron, 22, 216–19, 221, 222, 226, 227, 231, 232, 237, 252, 257, 258, 265, 267

Isabella, queen of Spain, 104–5, 285

Islam, 18–19, 23, 40, 55–56, 57, 139, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288

see also
Muslims

Itinerarium
(William of Rubruck), 73

 

Jacob of Ancona, 73

Jacob's staff, 16, 137, 140

Jamal ad-Din, 18, 154

James, Saint, 284, 286

Jang Min, 15, 17

Japan, 4, 12, 68, 77, 97, 114, 221, 250, 267, 269

Jebel Khamish, 43

Jerusalem, 64, 115, 238

Jervis, Jane, 136

Jesuits, 157–58, 249, 251, 272

Jews, 14, 46, 57, 73

Jiegantou Kingdom, 48

Jiménez de Quesada, Gonzalo, 280

Jingdezhen Kilns, 19

Jing doe Xianzhi
(Jingde County Annals), 232

John, king of England, 285

John, king of Portugal, 241

John XXIII, pope, 87

Julio Tello site museum, 272

junks, Chinese

construction of, 11–12

crew of, 14, 20

description of, 41, 45–46

female slaves on, 20, 45, 46, 68, 70, 81, 82, 86–87

monsoons and, 39–40

in Red Sea–Nile canal, 48

repairs to, 11–12, 41, 71

towing of, in canals, 207

weapons on, 41, 45–46, 220–21, 222,
224, 227

see also
ships, shipbuilding; wrecks, of Chinese junks

Jupiter, 26, 27, 146, 149, 150, 151, 249, 250

 

Kai Yuan Zhan Jing
, 250

Kao Yang, 171

Karim, Karimi merchants, 40, 46, 54

Keddie, Grant, 267

Kepler, Johannes, 27, 146, 248

Khufu, pharaoh, 48

Kinsai, 95–96, 97, 100, 113, 118, 120, 122, 125

kite, 168–69,
224

Ko Hung, 170

Koshiya, Abu Hassan, 18

Kublai Khan, 10, 12, 23, 123, 207, 221

 

Laetentur Caeli
(Brown), 90–91

lakes, clear-water, 32

Lambert, William, 153

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 260, 261–62

Lao-tzu, 125

Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 26

Larger, Benoit, 116, 117, 127

latitude

Arab concept of, 18

Chinese calculation of, 24, 29–38, 42–43, 142, 145, 147, 154, 176

Columbus's calculation of, 151

declination tables of the sun to determine, 139

description and illustration of, 29,
30

ephemeris tables to determine, 112, 139, 140, 144–45, 151, 152, 153, 237, 243

errors in calculation of, 114, 127

on Waldseemüller's map and Green Globe, 111–12, 122, 127

of wrecked junks in New Zealand, 262

Laurenziana Codex, 179, 180, 211, 212, 213

Laurenzian Library, 179, 204, 211

Lazari, V., 82

Le Loi, 3

Leonardo da Vinci, xiii–xiv, 84, 155, 157, 158–60, 164, 165, 166–76, 177, 195–96, 204, 211, 212, 213, 253

Leon Battista Alberti and the Night Sky at San Lorenzo
(Beck), 92–93

Li Anshan, 48

Library of Congress, 110, 128

Li Qi, 15, 17

Lisbon, 78, 94, 95, 97, 100, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125

Liu Gang, 8, 9, 47, 129, 272, 273

Liu Hui, 163

Liu Manchum, 239

Livorno, 84

Li Xing, 13

Loaisa, Friar Jerónimo de, 280

locks, 196, 202, 204, 207–9, 211–14, 253

Lombardy, 210–13, 214

Lombe, John, 199–200

Long Fei, 266

longitude

Arab concept of, 18

Chinese calculation of, 24, 27, 29–38, 42–43, 129, 130, 142, 145, 147, 154, 176

Columbus's calculation of, 130, 151–52, 243

description and illustration of, 29,
30

eclipses and, 27, 34, 151–52

ephemeris tables to determine, 112, 140, 144, 146, 150, 151–53, 237, 243

errors in calculation of, 37, 127, 130, 152

Jacob's staff to determine, 137

on Waldseemüller's map and Green Globe, 111–12, 122, 124, 127, 129

of wrecked junks in New Zealand, 262