1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created (114 page)

Wu Ruozeng

Xiamen,
4.1
,
5.1
,
6.1

Xie Zhaozhe,
4.1
,
5.1

Xishuangbanna prefecture,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
7.5
,
10.1

Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,
7.1
,
7.2

yams,
5.1
,
6.1

Yancao pu
(Tobacco Manual),
5.1

Yanga, Gaspar,
9.1
,
9.2

Yang Chang

Yangling

Yangzi River,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3

Yan pu
(Smoking Manual)

yaodong
(cave dwellings),
5.1
,
5.2

Yao Lü

Yeardley, George

yellow fever,
1.1
,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4
,
3.5
,
3.6
,
3.7
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4
,
9.5
,
9.6

see also
Aedes aegypti

Yongding

Yongle, Ming emperor,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3

Yongzheng, Qing emperor

York River,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3

Young, Arthur,
6.1
,
6.2

Yuan dynasty,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4

Yuegang,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
,
4.6
,
4.7
,
4.8
,
5.1

Philippine trade of,
4.1
,
10.1

Yunnan,
5.1
,
7.1

Yunnan Natural Rubber

zambo

Zhangpu County

Zhang Xie

Zhejiang,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
5.1
,
5.2

Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga)

Zheng Fenli

Zheng He,
4.1
,
10.1

flagship of

Zhuge Yuansheng

Zhu Wan,
4.1
,
4.2

zhuzai

Zimbabwe

Zimmerer, Karl

zooplankton

zoospores

Zuitou

Zumbi

Zuni (Indian group)

MAP CREDITS

Maps by Nick Springer and Tracy Pollock, Springer Cartographics LLC. Sources as follows:

Map 2
Redrawn from Guitar 1998:13.

Map 4
Data collected by
National Geographic
from David G. Anderson, Jeffrey C. Bendremer, Faith Davison, Penelope Drooker, George Hamell, John Hart, Stephen J. Hornsby, Bonnie G. McEwan, Bruce D. Smith, Douglas H. Ubelaker, Marvin T. Smith, Dean R. Snow, Alan Taylor, and John E. Worth. Original map published in
National Geographic,
May 2007. Redrawn with additional data and advice from William Denevan, William Doolittle, Allan Gallay, and William I. Woods. Also consulted: Helen Hornbeck Tanner,
Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History
(1987).

Map 5
Base map by Nick Springer published in
National Geographic,
May 2007; data from sources above, Helen Rountree, Martin D. Gallivan; additional data from Barlow 2003:22. My thanks to William McNulty and the rest of the
NG
cartography staff for allowing Nick and me to adapt these maps.

Map 6
Data from Preservation Virginia, Wetlands Vision (U.K.), Smith 1956. My thanks to Robert C. Anderson and William Thorndale for critiques and suggestions.

Map 7
Data from Kiszewski et al. 2004:488; Webb 2009:87; Gilmore 1955:348; author’s interview, Donald Gaines.

Map 12
Redrawn from Central Bureau of Meteorological Sciences (China) 1981.

Map 13
Redrawn from Bourke 1964:806.

Map 14
Data from Hecht forthcoming, pers. comm.; Schurz et al. 1925.

Map 15
Base map redrawn from Galloway 1977:178; additional data from Disney 2009, Ouerfelli 2008, Vieira 1992.

Map 16
Redrawn from Barrett 1970:8.

Map 16
Base map redrawn from Hemming 2004:xx; additional data from Orser 2001:65 (Palmares).

Map 18
Data from Price 2011:6–7 (Suriname, Guyane); Tardieu 2009 (Panama); La Rosa Corso 2003 (Cuba); Lane 2002:chap. 1 (Esmeraldas); Perez 2000:618 (Venezuela); Landers 1999:236 (Florida); Reis and Gomes eds. 1996 (Brazil); Aptheker 1996 (U.S.); Friedemann 1993:70–71 (Colombia); Deive 1989:73 (Hispaniola); Carroll 1977 (Mexico); author’s interviews, Fundação Cultural Palmares and Instituto de Terras do Pará.

ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

1.1
1.2
,
1.3
,
4.2
,
4.8
,
4.9
,
5.2
,
5.3
,
5.4
,
5.5
,
5.6
,
7.7
,
7.8
,
9.3
,
9.4
,
9.5
,
9.6
,
9.7
,
10.2
,
10.3
Author’s photograph

1.2
, Marconi, P. 1929.
Architettura e Arti Decorative,
9: 100–35.

2.1
Courtesy Virtual Jamestown (detail, John Smith,
Map of Virginia
)

2.2
Courtesy of Crawford Lake Conservation Area, Conservation Halton (Ontario)

2.3
National Portrait Gallery, London (Smith,
True Travels,
1624)

2.4
2.6
,
2.7
,
3.5
,
3.6
Library of Congress (LC-USZC4-3368, LC-USZC4-3368, G3880 1667 .F3, LC-USZ62-95078, LC-USZC4-9408)

2.5
2.6
,
2.8
,
2.9
Virginia Historical Society (1854. 2, Smith, H.L., portrait of George Percy; 1993. 192, Anon., Pocahontas, 1616; 1994. 65, Merian,
Decima tertia pars Historiae Americanae
, 1634; 1834. 1, badge, ca. 1660)

3.1
Lennart Nilsson/SCANPIX

3.2
Wellcome Images (V0010519)

3.3
MGM publicity still

3.4
Author’s collection (E. Riou,
La Guyane Française,
1867)

4.1
China Photos/Getty Images

4.2
Author’s collection (1764 gazetteer)

4.3
Courtesy Bob Reis (
anythinganywhere.com
)

4.4
Fundación Cultural Banco Central de Bolivia, Potosí

4.5
f US 2257.50* Houghton Library, Harvard University (Theodor de Bry,
Collectiones peregrinationum
, 1590)

4.6
Courtesy Ken and Sue Goodreau, New World Treasures

4.7
Aizar Raldes/AFP/GettyImages

5.1
Courtesy Town of Gaoxigou, Shaanxi

6.1
Author’s collection (1916 postcard)

6.2
Dept. of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Royal Library, Copenhagen (Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno [GKS 2234-4[0])

6.3
International Potato Center (Peru)

6.4
Courtesy New York Public Library (Alexander Gardner,
Rays of Sunlight from South America
, 1865)

6.5
Courtesy “Views of the Famine,”
http://adminstaff.vassar.edu/sttaylor/FAMINE/
(
Illustrated London News
)

6.6
© National Museums Northern Ireland 2010, Collection Ulster Museum, Belfast (Courtesy of the Trustees of National Museums Northern Ireland)

6.6
Courtesy Clark Erickson

6.7
Courtesy Homer Babbidge Library, University of Connecticut

7.1
Germanisches Nationalmuseum (Christoph Weiditz,
Trachtenbuch
, 1529)

7.2
Author’s collection (Iles,
Leading American Investors,
1912)

7.2
Author’s collection (Hancock,
Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc,
1857)

7.3
Courtesy Yale University Library

Map 14
Courtesy Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango del Banco de la República (Colombia)

7.4
,
7.5a
Courtesy Susanna Hecht

7.4
National Archives (U.K.), FO371/1455

7.5
Courtesy John Loadman (
www.bouncing-balls.com
)

7.6
Author’s collection (Falcão,
Album do Acre,
1906–07)

8.1
Courtesy Biblioteca Nacional de España (Durán,
Historia de las Indias de Nueva España,
1587)

8.2
© Tomás Filsinger 2009

8.3
Courtesy Huntington Library (Jan van der Straet,
Nova Reperta
, 1584)

8.4
Courtesy Casa Nacional de Moneda, Potosí

8.5
Denver Art Museum, Collection of Jan and Frederick Mayer

8.5
,
8.6
Private collection, Spain

8.6
Collection of Malú and Alejandra Escandón, Mexico City

8.7
Basílica de Nuestra Señora de la Merced (Buenos Aires)

9.1
Courtesy Museo de América, Madrid

9.2
Courtesy New York Public Library (Chapin, “Col. Taylor at the battle of Okey Chobey,” 1861)

10.1
Peter Menzel (
www.menzelphoto.com
)

CHART CREDITS

Chart by author. Data from Thorndale (pers. comm.), Bernhard 1992, Kolb 1980, Hecht 1969, Neill 1876. My thanks to William Thorndale for sharing his unpublished research.

© 2010 Alvy Ray Smith (
www.alvyray.com
). Freely usable under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Data from Thomas 1995:626–27, Hemming 1993:488–95, Muñoz de San Pedro 1951. My thanks to Matthew Restall for advice and to Alvy Ray Smith for his generosity and enthusiasm.

Chart and photograph by author.