1968 (69 page)

102
“what a reporter could do to a president, do you?”
Langguth,
Our Vietnam,
49.

102
“an epidemic around the world.”
Walter Cronkite, interviewed June 2002.

CHAPTER 6:
 Heroes

103
had labeled “a conundrum.” Life,
February 9, 1968.

105
“America was falling apart at the seams.”
Raskin,
For the Hell of It,
137.

105
“should activate the politician within him.” The Times
(London), March 14, 1968.

105
primary inducement. The New York Times,
April 1, 1968.

106
said British economist John Vaizey. Time,
March 22, 1968.

106
The houses were all burned.
Neil Sheehan,
A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam
(New York: Random House, 1988), 689.

108
become a student activist.
Hayden,
Reunion,
76.

108
“myth is the definitive revolution.”
Raskin,
For the Hell of It,
129.

108
“the most important philosopher alive.” The New York Times,
October 27, 1968.

109
Marx, Mao, and Marcuse. Time,
March 22, 1968.

109
to mention “the philosophers of destruction.”
Elena Poniatowska,
La Noche de Tlatelolco
(Mexico City: Biblioteca Era, 1993), 38. This and other translations from Spanish, unless otherwise indicated, are by the author.

110
“the outstanding characteristic of our generation.”
David J. Garrow,
Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
(New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986), 54.

111
by a ratio of eight to seven did. The New York Times,
July 3, 1968.

111
who was willing to use them.
Hugh Pearson,
The Shadow of a Panther
(New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994), 149–50.

112
“shoot to maim” any looters. Time,
April 26, 1968.

112
“Huey had the good sense to defend himself.”
Pearson,
The Shadow of a Panther,
149.

113
“find any other in the place.” The New York Times,
July 24, 1968.

114
“de Lawd”
Dellinger,
From Yale to Jail,
263.

114
they had gone off to different schools.
Garrow,
Bearing the Cross,
33.

114
“intellectual jive.”
Ibid., 45.

114
more mature than he was.
Ibid., 53.

114
“give them leadership.”
Ibid., 84.

115
“Fucking’s a form of anxiety reduction.”
Ibid., 375.

115
said political activist Michael Harrington.
Ibid.

115
only solution was for him to take his own life.
David J. Garrow,
The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr.: From “Solo” to Memphis
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1981), 125–26.

115
“but I’m afraid it will fall on deaf ears.”
Garrow,
Bearing the Cross,
557.

115
“Maybe it will heed the voice of violence.”
Ibid., 612.

116
“end this nonviolence bullshit.”
Isserman and Kazin,
America Divided,
227.

CHAPTER 7:
 A Polish Categorical Imperative

119
“one of the boys. Just like Dad.”
Konstanty Gebert, interviewed July 1992.

120
shouted, “Long live the workers of Poznan,” The New York Times,
March 17, 1968.

121
“children of the elite.”
Jacek Kuroń, interviewed June 2001.

121
“We didn’t understand each other.”
Eugeniusz Smolar, interviewed June 2001.

121
“a kind of excitement.”
Joanne Szczesna, interviewed June 2001.

123
“violence was another surprise.”
Nina Smolar, interviewed June 2001.

125
a Jew and a political adversary of Moczar. The New York Times,
March 19, 1968.

128
“wait for this capital to bear fruit.” Trybuna Ludu,
March 26, 1968.

CHAPTER 8:
 Poetry, Politics, and a Tough Second Act

129
with new arrivals and he had to read it again. Life,
September 6, 1968.

131
Louis got him to remove the lines.
Michael Schumacher,
Dharma Lion: A Critical Biography of Allen Ginsberg
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992).

131
safely back in the East Village.
Ibid., xiv–xv.

132
each Ginsberg had his cheerers. The New York Times,
January 18, 1968.

132
“I’m a stringer of words.” Life,
February 9, 1968.

132
“an amplified poet in black leather pants.”
Ibid., April 12, 1968.

133
“Wallace Stevens. That’s poetry.” The New York Times Magazine,
October 13, 1968.

133
would have walked out of the room.
Schumacher,
Dharma Lion,
489.

134
“no importance here in Russia to us.”
Ibid., 434.

134
“a big man on campus.” Life,
October 18, 1968.

135
“So do we.” The New York Times,
August 31, 1968.

135
“Robert Lowell is traveling with the candidate.” Life,
April 12, 1968.

135
Lowenstein’s first choice, one last time.
Witcover,
The Year the Dream Died,
149.

135
peasant uprising in 1381. Life,
February 9, 1968.

137
if tongue was the organ to be manifested.
Mailer,
Miami and the Siege of Chicago,
119.

137
“That’s kind of Greek, isn’t it?” Life,
April 12, 1968.

137
had gotten him the job.
Evan Thomas,
Robert Kennedy: His Life and Times
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 65.

138
“A paratrooper.”
Ibid., 19.

139
such as Robert Lowell,
Ibid., 304.

139 “Viva
all of you.
”
Time,
March 22, 1968.

139
“Run for the bus.” Life,
June 21, 1968.

140
Hayden cited for its similarity to the Port Huron Statement:
Hayden,
Reunion,
264.

CHAPTER 9:
 Sons and Daughters of the New Fatherland

145
two more rounds of appeals. Time,
February 2, 1968.

145
“that is the worst.” Paris Match,
March 16, 1968.

145
ruling out retirement or resignation. The New York Times,
February 28, 1968.

145
“every paper I signed.”
Ibid., March 2, 1968.

146
knowing anything about killing Jews.
Ibid., July 5, 1968.

147
“a relationship to the past.”
Barbara Heimannsberg and Christoph J. Schmidt, eds.,
The Collective Silence: German Identity and the Legacy of Shame
(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993), 67.

147
West Germans were crossing to East Germany every year. The New York Times,
March 21, 1968.

148
For the last two hundred years. Mammon.
Tariq Ali and Susan Watkins,
1968: Marching in the Streets
(New York: Free Press, 1998), 32.

150
“was new to me and the other French.”
Alain Krivine, interviewed June 2002.

150
chairman for 1968, to speak to students in France.
Ronald Fraser, ed.,
1968: A Student Generation in Revolt
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), 180.

153
“the biggest anti-American rally ever staged in the city.” The New York Times,
February 19, 1968.

153
Tariq Ali did not believe this was possible.
Fraser,
1968,
186.

155
boycott his papers. The New York Times,
April 13, 1968.

156
they opposed the student violence.
Peter Demetz,
After the Fires: Recent Writing in the Germanies, Austria and Switzerland
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986), 63–64.

156
students were outspokenly opposed to the violence. Time,
April 26, 1986.

157
“at the age of twenty will never make a good social democrat.” Paris Match,
April 27, 1968.

CHAPTER 10:
 Wagnerian Overtones of a Hip and Bearded Revolution

158
“Then the war will end.”
Mark Rudd, interviewed April 2002.

160
“well born, well-to-do daredevil of 29.”
Van Gosse,
Where the Boys Are: Cuba, Cold War America and the Making of a New Left
(London: Verso, 1993), 68.

161
SLATE, which was the beginning of activism on that campus.
Ibid., 90.

162
to charm her into staying.
Hugh Thomas,
Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom
(New York: Harper & Row, 1971) 1,202–03.

162
“on the direct line of the French Revolution of 1789.”
Herbert L. Matthews,
The Cuban Story
(New York: George Braziller, 1961), 89.

163
lost a great deal of support in the first six months of 1959.
Gosse,
Where the Boys Are,
114.

164
“the foreign menace felt in anguish.”
Thomas,
Cuba,
1,269.

165
“muscle against a very small country.”
Gosse,
Where the Boys Are,
205.

165
“wasn’t as good as 250,000 Cubans.”
Douglas Brinkley,
Dean Acheson: The Cold War Years 1953–1971
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992).

166
“without understanding its music.” The New York Times,
April 22, 1961.

168
who were in Cuban prisons in the mid-1960s.
Tad Szulc,
Fidel: A Critical Portrait
(New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986), 54.

169
his lack of political commitment.
Gosse,
Where the Boys Are,
185.

170
the FBI, remained skeptical.
Michael Schumacher,
Dharma Lion,
419–20.

170
“to the revolution.”
Ibid., 422.

171
labeled in May 1966 by student radicals at Qinghua University.
J. A. G. Roberts,
A Concise History of China
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 279.

171
and the students from bourgeois backgrounds.
Ibid., 280.

171
signs of food shortages
,
The New York Times,
March 5, 1968.

172
shown much progress since.
Ibid., August 25, 1968.

172
capable of hitting Los Angeles and Seattle
,
The New York Times Magazine,
July 14, 1968.

172
resign from government and move on to another revolution.
Szulc,
Fidel,
597–98.

173
950 bars were to be closed. The New York Times,
March 14, 1968.

173
The crowd shouted and applauded its approval.
Szulc,
Fidel,
609.

173
the year of the “new man.”
Thomas,
Cuba,
1,446.

174
Federal Aviation Administration’s recommendation. Time,
March 22, 1968.

175
“tougher than trying to stop them.” The New York Times,
July 21, 1968.

175
“to fight communism in this manner.”
Ibid., December 14, 1968.

175
“in apologies; it wasn’t going to happen to me.”
Gitlin,
The Sixties
, 274.

176
Havana-bound flights to record the Mexicans on board.
Some of these lists of Cubans and American Havana-bound passengers can be found in newly released Mexican government archives in Lecumberri.

176
“likes and trusts its government.”
Ali,
1968,
24.

177
“both mobilized and relaxed.”
Gitlin,
The Sixties,
275.

CHAPTER 11:
 April Motherfuckers

178
“slightly irrelevant in his presence.”
Hayden,
Reunion,
275.

179
“changing clothes or engaging in sterile debate.”
Ibid.

181 The Bride Got Farblundjet, Bill Graham and Robert Greenfield,
Bill Graham Presents: My Life Inside Rock and Out
(New York: Doubleday, 1992), 227.

181
70 percent of the professional concert activities
,
The New York Times,
January 15, 1968.

181
These trends continued in 1968.
Gitlin,
The Sixties,
120.

181
transmits sound waves into nerve impulses. The New York Times,
August 20, 1968.

182
“age of instant communication.” Life,
June 28, 1968.

182
“music today,” said Townshend.
Ibid., June 2, 1968.

182
“drummer who can really keep time.” Time,
August 30, 1968.

183
“have a good time.”
Ibid., August 9, 1968.

184
“The Know-Nothing Bohemians.” Partisan Review
(spring 1958).

184
“Beautify America, Get a Haircut.” Life,
May 31, 1968.

185
“Nobody wants a hippie for President,” The New York Times,
March 16, 1968.

186
“everything except how to be a man.”
Ibid., October 22, 1968.

186
double between 1968 and 1985.
Ibid., April 7, 1968.

187
“provides the image for the kids.”
Ibid., January 11, 1968.

187
interrogate someone while under the influence of LSD.
Isserman and Kazan,
America Divided,
156. Also see Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain,
Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The C.I.A., the Sixties and Beyond
(New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1992).

187
Nasser and Cuba’s Fidel Castro,
Lee and Shlain,
Acid Dreams,
35.