5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition (72 page)

14.
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called

(A) prejudice

(B) ethnocentrism

(C) in-group bias

(D) discrimination

(E) scapegoating

15.
Which approach emphasizes that therapists can effectively help their clients by offering unconditional positive regard?

(A) Gestalt therapy

(B) cognitive therapy

(C) humanistic therapy

(D) behavior modification

(E) psychoanalysis

16.
Some groups of gang members wear head coverings and sunglasses when they assault people. The use of such disguises contributes to

(A) social loafing

(B) cognitive dissonance

(C) learned helplessness

(D) deindividuation

(E) the fundamental attribution error

17.
Of the following, which is characteristic of formal operational thinking?

(A) simple motor responses to sensory stimuli

(B) failure to understand reversibility

(C) capacity to deal well with concrete objects, but not hypothetical situations

(D) logical reasoning and systematic planning

(E) magical thinking and egocentrism

18.
Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with both Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia?

(A) acetylcholine

(B) dopamine

(C) serotonin

(D) endorphins

(E) GABA

19.
Today, it is unlikely that a psychologist could condition a baby to fear a rat and other small animals in a research study at a university because

(A) no parent would permit a child to participate in such a study

(B) the study violates ethical guidelines

(C) babies are too young to fear small animals

(D) conditioning experiments are no longer done

(E) fear of animals is inborn

20.
According to Adler, firstborn children are more likely than subsequent children in a family to be

(A) sociable

(B) funny

(C) responsible

(D) followers

(E) liberal

21.
Brenda gets enraged when people criticize her, talks about becoming the first woman president, exaggerates her abilities and talents, takes advantage of classmates, and constantly demands attention in class. When she received a certificate for participating in an essay contest, she told everyone she’d won a prestigious writing award. She most likely would be diagnosed as evidencing

(A) hypochondriasis

(B) disorganized schizophrenia

(C) antisocial personality disorder

(D) narcissistic personality disorder

(E) clinical depression

22.
“Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes,” commonly defines psychology. In their definition of psychology, behaviorists would be likely to eliminate

   I. science

  II. behavior

III. mental processes

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, and III

23.
According to Erikson, a young adult’s developmental crisis centers around

(A) intimacy vs. isolation

(B) identity vs. role confusion

(C) autonomy vs. shame and guilt

(D) industry vs. inferiority

(E) generativity vs. stagnation

24.
The perceived volume of a tone is mainly determined by its

(A) frequency

(B) timbre

(C) amplitude

(D) overtones

(E) saturation

25.
Shannon forgot her pillow when she went camping, so she complained about having to sleep with her head flat the whole night. Her failure to fold up her jeans and sweater to use as a pillow-substitute best illustrates the effects of

(A) the availability heuristic

(B) functional fixedness

(C) confirmation bias

(D) the representativeness heuristic

(E) belief perseverance

26.
According to Abraham Maslow, esteem needs must at least be partially met before one is prompted to satisfy

(A) belongingness needs

(B) physiological needs

(C) self-actualization needs

(D) love needs

(E) safety needs

27.
The most widely used self-report inventory for personality assessment is the

(A) MMPI-2

(B) TAT

(C) WAIS-R

(D) Rorschach

(E) PSAT

28.
Behavioral therapy typically alters the patterns of responding of clients by

(A) helping patients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences

(B) vigorously challenging clients’ illogical ways of thinking

(C) influencing patients by controlling the consequences of their actions

(D) repeating or rephrasing what a client says during the course of therapy

(E) focusing attention on clients’ positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.

29.
Scott tried to unscramble the letters NEBOTYA for 20 minutes to spell a word, but was not successful. While walking to class, the answer suddenly came to him that the word was BAYONET. This exemplifies

(A) classical conditioning

(B) operant conditioning

(C) the law of effect

(D) insight

(E) observational learning

30.
A disorder characterized by delusions of persecution, hallucinations, and disordered thinking is

(A) paranoid schizophrenia

(B) anorexia nervosa

(C) conversion disorder

(D) hypochondriasis

(E) organic mental disorder

31.
Jyoti notes the behavior of people as they wait in line for tickets to rock concerts. Which of the following research methods is she using?

(A) naturalistic observation

(B) survey

(C) controlled experiment

(D) quasi-experiment

(E) case study

32.
In daylight, objects that reflect all wavelengths of light appear

(A) black

(B) white

(C) dull

(D) ultraviolet

(E) infrared

33.
The Intelligence Quotient is defined as the

(A) chronological age/mental age × 100

(B) performance score/verbal score × 100

(C) mental age/chronological age × 100

(D) verbal score/performance score × 100

(E) range/standard deviation × 100

34.
According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, the first reaction of a person faced with a terminal illness is

(A) acceptance

(B) anger

(C) bargaining

(D) denial

(E) depression

35.
When Jared saw shadows of people on the walls of his bedroom, his blood pressure increased and his breathing rate sped up. These physical reactions were most directly regulated by his

(A) sensorimotor system

(B) somatic nervous system

(C) sympathetic nervous system

(D) pineal gland

(E) parasympathetic nervous system

36.
Which psychoactive drugs are most frequently prescribed to relieve pain?

(A) stimulants

(B) depressants

(C) antidepressants

(D) antipsychotics

(E) narcotics

37.
During the manic phase of a bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to experience

(A) high self-esteem

(B) delusions of persecution

(C) uncontrollable grief and despair

(D) visual hallucinations

(E) extreme sleepiness

38.
Dan read a list of 30 vocabulary words only once. If he is typical and shows the serial position effect, we would expect that the words he remembers two days later are

(A) at the beginning of the list

(B) in the middle of the list

(C) at the end of the list

(D) distributed throughout the list

(E) unpredictable

39.
Tony got accepted to the college he wants to attend, is going to the prom with a girl he really admires, and was hired for the summer job he sought. He has high

(A) self-efficacy

(B) self-doubt

(C) self-handicapping

(D) introversion

(E) deindividuation

40.
Species-specific behaviors that cannot be explained as a result of social learning or conditioning, such as Monarch butterflies flying to Mexico to mate, are called

(A) motives

(B) fixed-action patterns

(C) schemas

(D) imprinting

(E) reflexes

41.
Tests that have been pre-tested with a sample of the population for whom the test is intended and have a uniform set of instructions and administration procedures are

(A) valid

(B) standardized

(C) reliable

(D) fair

(E) predictive

42.
A famous character in a Shakespearean play keeps washing her hands to get them clean of blood that is no longer on them. The repeated washing of her hands is

(A) a delusion

(B) a compulsion

(C) a hallucination

(D) an obsession

(E) an attribution

43.
After collecting and analyzing the responses of 2,000 randomly selected study participants, Adeel finds that college juniors who work at paying jobs 15 hours a week get higher grades than juniors who don’t have paying jobs or who work full time. Which of the following research methods did Adeel use?

(A) experimental

(B) naturalistic observation

(C) case study

(D) survey

(E) quasi-experimental

44.
Which of the following best exemplifies sensory adaptation?

(A) enjoying a song the more you hear it

(B) responding immediately every time the fire alarm is sounded

(C) not realizing how cold the pool is after you are under the water for a few minutes

(D) relying heavily on your hearing when you are walking down a dark corridor

(E) not knowing what other people at a cocktail party are saying while you are attending to one conversation

45.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) published by the American Psychiatric Association provides information about all of the following EXCEPT

(A) names of mental disorders

(B) categorization of all mental disorders

(C) primary symptoms of all mental disorders

(D) secondary symptoms of all mental disorders

(E) causes of all mental disorders

46.
Dieters often have difficulty losing additional weight after reaching a specific plateau because their bodies function at a lowered metabolic rate according to

(A) VMH theory

(B) opponent process theory

(C) set point theory

(D) the law of effect

(E) drive reduction theory

47.
Which of the following scans can
image
brain function?

   I. CAT

  II. MRI

III. PET

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

48.
If arrested for committing a crime, whom of the following would be most likely to be declared legally insane?

(A) Aaron, who suffers symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia

(B) Brett, who has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder

(C) Clara, who suffers symptoms of zoophobia

(D) Don, who has symptoms of hypochondriasis

(E) Ed, who has been diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder

49.
During cooperative learning, all of the students in Group A initially were opposed to the death penalty, whereas two of the students in Group B were opposed to the death penalty and two were in favor of the death penalty. According to research, after an intense discussion within each group about capital punishment, we would expect

(A) both groups would moderate their positions

(B) Group A would moderate their positions, but Group B would retain their original positions

(C) Group A would become more firmly entrenched, while Group B members would moderate their positions

(D) Group A would retain their original positions, but Group B would moderate their positions

(E) both groups would have every member more firmly entrenched in their positions

50.
Wilder Penfield’s studies suggest that some long-lost memories can be elicited through electrical stimulation of the brain. This suggests that forgetting may be a matter of

(A) displacement

(B) gradual decay

(C) retrieval failure

(D) failure to encode the memories

(E) unconscious wishes to forget

51.
During World War II, millions of Jews and other minorities were slaughtered because they were blamed for the financial and social problems of Germany. Such scapegoating illustrates

(A) sour grapes rationalization

(B) displacement

(C) sweet lemons rationalization

(D) projection

(E) reaction formation

52.
Of the following, which provides the most valid and reliable data about individuals as they progress through various stages of development?

(A) cross-sectional studies

(B) surveys

(C) transactional analysis

(D) longitudinal studies

(E) correlational studies

53.
As the time for the AP Psychology exam approached, several students in the class who had not been doing homework or attending classes earlier in the term became more concerned about studying and attending regularly. Their motivation seems to be

(A) intrinsic

(B) extrinsic

(C) instinctive

(D) pessimistic