5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition (73 page)

(E) homeostatic

54.
A classically conditioned response can best be eliminated by presentation of

(A) the unconditioned stimulus without the conditioned stimulus

(B) the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus

(C) a neutral stimulus

(D) conditioned stimulus a few seconds before the unconditioned stimulus

(E) unconditioned response

55.
The scores of Brian’s team on the quiz were: 8, 6, 9, 7, 10, 9, 5, 4, 9. The median of the team’s scores is

(A) 9

(B) 8

(C) 7.5

(D) 7

(E) 6

56.
What type of test is the Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology?

(A) aptitude

(B) projective

(C) achievement

(D) intelligence

(E) individual

57.
Functionally, receptors in the retina of the eye differ most from receptors in the cochlea of the ear in the

(A) magnitude of the resting potentials of their membranes

(B) ions involved in their action potentials

(C) types of energy they transduce

(D) number of axons each cell possesses

(E) ability to reproduce

58.
Irrelevant thoughts that provide stimulation when your interest is flagging, letting you experience positive emotions, are

(A) nonconscious

(B) unconscious

(C) daydreams

(D) delusions

(E) circadian

59.
Which of the following contributes most directly to people’s exaggerated perceptions of the likelihood of air travel disasters, nuclear power accidents, and terrorist violence?

(A) belief perseverance

(B) the framing effect

(C) overconfidence

(D) the representativeness heuristic

(E) the availability heuristic

60.
According to Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis,

(A) we have an innate language acquisition device

(B) apes do not have language because they don’t use proper syntax

(C) we tend to observe and imitate models

(D) language determines the way we think

(E) rewarding good behavior increases its frequency

61.
A severely overweight rat would most likely result from lesioning of the

(A) hippocampus

(B) thalamus

(C) hypothalamus

(D) amygdala

(E) pineal gland

62.
Maria, a bright high school student, fears success. To which of the following colleges would she most likely apply?

(A) Harvard, Stanford, and the local community college

(B) Stanford, Oxford, and the most competitive state college in her state

(C) the local community college and distant community colleges

(D) Harvard, Yale, and Stanford

(E) the most competitive state college in her state and in other states

63.
A projective test with ambiguous pictures that are frequently used to assess achievement motivation is the

(A) Thematic Apperception Test

(B) Rorschach inkblot test

(C) WAIS-R

(D) MMPI-2

(E) Stanford-Binet

64.
David collected data on 15 research participants. Their scores were: 42, 38, 14, 13, 12, 12, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 9. Which of the following statistics best reflects the central tendency of this data set?

(A) standard deviation

(B) correlation coefficient

(C) mode

(D) median

(E) mean

65.
The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

(A) depression

(B) anxiety disorders

(C) neurotransmitters

(D) genetic abnormalities

(E) social circumstances

66.
Which of the following explanations of why a 17-year-old drives his car at or below the speed limit best illustrates Kohlberg’s conventional level of morality?

(A) “I don’t want to get any tickets.”

(B) “It’s the law.”

(C) “I want my parents to approve of my driving.”

(D) “I don’t want to crash my car.”

(E) “With so many people in our society driving cars, I cannot put anyone else or myself in danger by driving at a faster speed than the number of cars, roads, and weather conditions permit.”

67.
The president of a company brought in an outside consultant to disagree with him about an important decision to be discussed at a meeting of his top level executives in order to avoid

(A) the bystander effect

(B) groupthink

(C) social loafing

(D) the mere exposure effect

(E) the fundamental attribution error

68.
Javier wants to study the effects on achievement of taking a course in chemistry in the afternoon, rather than in the morning. A teacher has chemistry classes with the same number of students at 8:30
A.M.
and 1:00
P.M.
, and volunteers to participate with her classes. A major problem in this study would be

(A) poor replication

(B) lack of a hypothesis

(C) confounding variables

(D) difficulty in obtaining informed consent

(E) the placebo effect

69.
The heritability for traits of a cloned population is

(A) 0%

(B) 25%

(C) 50%

(D) 75%

(E) 100%

70.
“Get cookie,” best exemplifies

(A) babbling

(B) cooing

(C) holophrases

(D) telegraphic speech

(E) mental set

71.
Research reveals that the most critical factor in Type A behavior associated with heart disease is

(A) anger

(B) competitiveness

(C) sense of time urgency

(D) conscientiousness

(E) motivation

72.
Dr. Scarlett conducted experiments in which she electrically stimulated parts of a cat’s brain. A cat that became terrified in the presence of a mouse was most likely stimulated in the

(A) limbic system

(B) thalamus

(C) medulla

(D) cerebellum

(E) temporal lobe

73.
Which of the following LEAST influences sexual behavior?

(A) hypothalamus

(B) pituitary

(C) gonads

(D) cerebral cortex

(E) reticular formation

74.
Ben thinks students will answer questions printed on yellow paper more quickly than those printed on blue paper. All study participants will take three tests with 35 multiple-choice questions each. The independent variable in Ben’s experiment is

(A) the color of the paper

(B) the number of questions answered correctly

(C) how long it takes students to answer questions

(D) the total number of questions answered

(E) the difference in results between the experimental and control groups

75.
Which of the following best illustrates hostile aggression?

(A) A man slaps his wife because he is angry that she made hamburgers for dinner again.

(B) A sanitation man knocks over some rose bushes when he throws an empty can to the curb.

(C) A waitress breaks several cups and saucers when she drops a tray on the floor.

(D) A careless driver hits and severely injures a pedestrian who is crossing the street.

(E) An adolescent hangs up on an irritating salesperson.

76.
Cognitivists claim that classical conditioning results from

(A) an association between the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response

(B) an association between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus

(C) an association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response

(D) an association between the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response

(E) an expectation of what is coming following the conditioned stimulus

77.
Which is likely to increase as a normal, healthy individual ages from 25 to 75 years of age?

(A) visual acuity

(B) crystallized intelligence

(C) ability to reason speedily

(D) fluid intelligence

(E) intelligence quotient

78.
In the rock opera
Tommy
, Tommy becomes deaf and blind after witnessing a terrible murder, although there is nothing organically wrong with his ears or eyes. Tommy is suffering from

(A) panic disorder

(B) post-traumatic stress disorder

(C) conversion disorder

(D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

(E) hypochondriasis

79.
Which of the following are included in the peripheral nervous system?

(A) brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves

(B) cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia

(C) spinal cord, spinal nerves, sense organs

(D) medulla, pons, thalamus

(E) amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus

80.
Loss of the ability to understand language results from loss of tissue in which of the following lobes?

(A) right frontal

(B) right temporal

(C) right parietal

(D) left frontal

(E) left temporal

81.
When a 17-year-old student is failing at school, which society would most likely hold the parents accountable?

(A) United States of America

(B) Canadian

(C) Japanese

(D) English

(E) German

82.
Receptors that respond to gravity and keep you informed of your body’s location in space are located primarily in the

(A) cochlea of the ear

(B) macula of the eye

(C) olfactory mucosa

(D) muscles and joints of the skeleton

(E) semicircular canals of the ear

83.
Although Jen is a very bright four-year-old, she doesn’t think her mother’s sister has any sisters. This lack of ability reflects

(A) conservation

(B) introspection

(C) transposition

(D) magical thinking

(E) egocentrism

84.
You are given four lists of words to learn: 1, 2, 3, and 4. You must learn list 1, then list 2, etc. Which list(s) would cause proactive interference for remembering list 2?

(A) list 1 only

(B) list 3 only

(C) list 4 only

(D) lists 3 and 4 only

(E) lists 1, 3, and 4

85.
Dr. Ramchandran found that his patients who brushed their teeth after lunch had 1/20 the number of cavities in their teeth as those who didn’t. After interviewing the dentist, a local newswriter reports that brushing teeth after lunch prevents cavities. Based on the dentist’s research, which of the following statements is true?

(A) If at least 100 patients were studied, the writer’s statement is justified.

(B) If a minimum of 500 patients were studied, the writer’s statement is justified.

(C) At least 100 of the patients needed to have brushed their teeth after lunch for the writer’s statement to be justified.

(D) Dr. Ramchandran’s study needs to be replicated for the writer’s statement to be justified.

(E) No matter how many participants, the writer’s statement is not justified.

86.
Which of the following endocrine glands is NOT paired with a hormone that it produces?

(A) pineal–melatonin

(B) hypothalamus–thyroid-stimulating hormone

(C) thyroid–thyroxine

(D) adrenals–cortisol

(E) pancreas–glucagon

87.
A recent comparison of the intelligence scores of Asian Americans and African Americans on the Stanford-Binet showed that

   I. the mean score for Asian Americans was higher than for African Americans

  II. some African Americans scored higher than the average Asian Americans

III. some Asian Americans scored lower than the average African Americans

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and II only

(E) I, II, and III

88.
A special diet can prevent the expression of the trait for

(A) Tay-Sachs syndrome

(B) PKU (phenylketonuria)

(C) Huntington’s disease

(D) Down syndrome

(E) Klinefelter’s syndrome

89.
Implications of Harlow’s study (of baby monkeys reared by artificial mothers) for humans include which of the following?

   I. Providing breast milk is the key to developing an attachment between the baby and the mother.

  II. An infant can form an attachment with a nurturing father or other caretaker.

III. Lack of nursing at the breast leads to maladjustment of a child.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and II only

(E) I, II, and III

90.
Michelle watches David Letterman on television, but doesn’t recognize him when she walks past him in Manhattan. Which effect on perception does this best illustrate?

(A) convergence

(B) context

(C) proximity

(D) closure

(E) monocular cues

91.
Emily scored at the 65th percentile on a standardized achievement test. This indicates which of the following? Her score was

(A) above average

(B) average

(C) below average

(D) just passing

(E) unreliable

92.
As a result of an accident, Abdul lost sight in his right eye. To judge the distance of vehicles when he is driving, Abdul is able to rely on cues of

   I. accommodation

  II. relative size

III. retinal disparity

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and II only

(E) I, II, and III

93.
All of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT