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27
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Psychology & Marketing
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28
. Cohen D.
J. B. Watson: The Founder of Behaviourism: A Biography
. London: Routledge, Kegan & Paul; 1979.

29
. Zajonc RB. Mere exposure: a gateway to the subliminal.
Current Directions in Psychological Science
. Dec 2001;10(6):224–228.

30
. Ibid.

31
. Law and Braun. I’ll have what she’s having. See also: Auty S, Lewis C. Exploring children’s choice: the reminder effect of product placement.
Psychology & Marketing
. Sep 2004;21(9):697–713.

32
. Auty and Lewis. Exploring children’s choice.

33
. Grossman R, Till BD. The persistence of classically conditioned brand attitudes.
Journal of Advertising
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34
. Irwin R. Painting South Africa Red. 2001.
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35
. Abramson E. A review of behavioral approaches to weight control.
Behaviour Research and Therapy
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36
. Ibid.

37
. Foreyt JP, Kennedy WA. Treatment of overweight by aversion therapy.
Behaviour Research and Therapy
. Feb 1971;9(1):29–34.

38
. Abramson, A review of behavioral approaches.

39
. Ibid.

40
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Journal of General Internal Medicine
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Obesity Reviews
. Jul 2008;9(4):355–367.

41
. Wing RR, Phelan S. Long-term weight loss maintenance.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
. Jul 2005;82(1) Suppl:222S–225S.

42
. Papies EK, Hamstra P. Goal priming and eating behavior: enhancing self-regulation by environmental cues.
Health Psychology
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43
. Stunkard AJ, Wolff HG. A mechanism of satiety: function and disorder in human obesity.
Psychosomatic Medicine
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Psychosomatic Medicine
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44
. Schachter SCU, Gross LP. Manipulated time and eating behavior.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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45
. Herman CP, Olmsted MP, Polivy J. Obesity, externality, and susceptibility to social influence: an integrated analysis.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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46
. Ibid.

PART III: AN ALTERNATE VISION

Chapter 8: A Plea for Change: We Are All in This Together

1
. Hamlin C. Providence and putrefaction: Victorian sanitarians and the natural theology of health and disease.
Victorian Studies
. 1985;28:381–411.

2
. Landers J.
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. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

3
. Hamlin. Providence and putrefaction.

4
. Hamlin C. Edwin Chadwick, “mutton medicine,” and the fever question.
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
. 1996;70(2):233–265.

5
. Ibid.

6
. Hamlin C. Could you starve to death in England in 1839? the Chadwick-Farr controversy and the loss of the “social” in public health.
American Journal of Public Health
. 1995;85(6):856–866.

7
. Hamlin. Providence and putrefaction.

8
. Hamlin C. Muddling in bumbledom: on the enormity of large sanitary improvements in four British towns, 1855–1885.
Victorian Studies
. 1988;32(1): 55–83.

9
. Hamlin C. Edwin Chadwick and the engineers, 1842–1854: systems and antisystems in the pipe-and-brick sewers war.
Technology and Culture
. 1992;33(4):680–709.

10
. Ibid.

11
. Hamlin C. “Cholera forcing”: the myth of the good epidemic and the coming of good water.
American Journal of Public Health
. 2009;99(11):1946–1954.

12
. Hamlin. Edwin Chadwick and the engineers.

13
. Hamlin C. Sanitary policing and the local state, 1873–1874: a statistical study of English and Welsh towns.
Social History of Medicine: The Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine
. 2005;18(1):39–61.

14
. Olmstead F. Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns. In: LeGates RT, Stout, eds.
The City Reader
. Second ed. London: Routledge; 1870:314–320.

15
. USDA. Profiling food consumption in America.
Agricultural Fact Book, 2001–2002;
Mar 2003.

16
. Senauer B, Gemma M. Why is the obesity rate so low in Japan and high in the U.S.? Some possible economic explanations. The Food Industry Center, University of Minnesota; 2006.

17
. NRDC. Wasted: how America is losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill.
www.nrdc.org/food/wasted-food.asp
. 2012. See also: Levis JW, Barlaz MA, Themelis NJ, Ulloa P. Assessment of the state of food waste treatment in the United States and Canada.
Waste Management
. 2010;30(8–9):1486–1494. See also: Levis JW, Barlaz MA. What is the most environmentally beneficial way to treat commercial food waste?
Environmental Science & Technology
. 2011;45(17):7438–7444.

18
. Jones CM, Kammen DM. Quantifying carbon footprint reduction opportunities for U.S. households and communities.
Environmental Science & Technology
. 2011;45(9):4088–4095.

19
. Joyce A, Dixon S, Comfort J, Hallett J. Reducing the environmental impact of dietary choice: perspectives from a behavioural and social change approach.
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
. 2012;2012:978672.

20
. Ibid.

21
. USDA. Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-DGACReport.htm
. 2010. See also: Daniel CR, Cross AJ, Koebnick C, Sinha R. Trends in meat consumption in the USA.
Public Health Nutrition
. Apr 2011;14(4):575–583.

Chapter 9: A Safer Food Environment

1
. Elbel B. Consumer estimation of recommended and actual calories at fast food restaurants.
Obesity
. Oct 2011;19(10):1971–1978. See also: Swartz JJ, Braxton D, Viera AJ. Calorie menu labeling on quick-service restaurant menus: an updated systematic review of the literature.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
. 2011;8:135.

2
. Yi HY, Chen CM, Williams GD. Trends in alcohol-related fatal traffic crashes, United States, 1982–2004.
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/surveillance76/fars04.htm-fig2a2006
. See also: Yoon YH, Yi HY. Surveillance report #88: liver cirrhosis mortality in the United States, 1970–2007.
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/surveillance.htm.2010
.

3
. Rorabaugh WJ.
The Alcoholic Republic
. New York: Oxford University Press; 1979.

4
. Levine H. The Discovery of Addiction.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol
. 1978;15:493–506.

5
. Rorabaugh.
The Alcoholic Republic
.

6
. Ibid.

7
. Theobald MM. When whiskey was the king of the drink.
www.history.org/foundation/journal/summer08/whiskey.cfm
.
Colonial Williamsburg Journal
(online). 2008.

8
. Calman K. Beyond the “nanny state”: stewardship and public health.
Public Health
. 2009;123(1):e6–e10.

9
. Sloan FA, Chepke LM.
The Law and Economics of Public Health
. Hanover, MA: NOW Publishers; 2007.

10
. O’Malley PM, Wagenaar AC. Effects of minimum drinking age laws on alcohol use, related behaviors and traffic crash involvement among American youth: 1976–1987.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol
. 1991;52(5):478–491. See also: Wagenaar AC, Toomey TL. Effects of minimum drinking age laws: review and analyses of the literature from 1960 to 2000.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement
. Mar 2002;(14):206–225.

11
. Voas RB, Fell JC. Preventing alcohol-related problems through health policy research.
Alcohol Research & Health
. 2010;33(1–2):18–28.

12
. Volkow ND, O’Brien CP. Issues for DSM-V: should obesity be included as a brain disorder?
The American Journal of Psychiatry
. May 2007;164(5):708–710.

13
. Todd J, Mancino L, Lin B-H. The impact of food away from home on adult diet quality.
www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/ERR90/ERR90.pdf
. 2010.

14
. Geier AB, Rozin P, Doros G. Unit bias. A new heuristic that helps explain the effect of portion size on food intake.
Psychological Science
. Jun 2006;17(6):521–525.

15
. Wansink B, Painter JE, North J. Bottomless bowls: why visual cues of portion size may influence intake.
Obesity Research
. Jan 2005;13(1):93–100.

16
. Young LR, Nestle MS. Portion sizes in dietary assessment: issues and policy implications.
Nutrition Reviews
. 1995;53(6):149–158.

17
. Johnson RK, Appel LJ, Brands M, et al. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.
Circulation
. 2009;120(11):1011–1020.

18
. Wansink B. Environmental factors that increase the food intake and consumption volume of unknowing consumers.
Annual Review of Nutrition
. 2004;24:455–479. See also: Wansink, Painter, and North. Bottomless bowls.

19
. Jeffery RW, Wing RR. Long-term effects of interventions for weight loss using food provision and monetary incentives.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
. Oct 1995;63(5):793–796. See also: Wing RR, Phelan S. Long-term weight loss maintenance.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
. Jul 2005;82(1) Suppl:222S–225S.

20
. Babor TF, Caetano R, Casswell S, et al.
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity: Research and Public Policy
. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. See also: Ludbrook A, Godfrey C, Wyness L, et al.
Effective and Cost-Effective Measures to Reduce Alcohol Misuse in Scotland: A Literature Review
. Aberdeen, Scotland: Health Economics Research Unit. 2002. See also: Norstrom T, Skog O-J. Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in Sweden: an impact analysis.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol
. 2003;64(3):393–401.

21
. Sorenson H.
Inside the Mind of the Shopper
. Upsaddle River, NJ: Pearson Education; 2009.

22
. Downs JS, Loewenstein G, Wisdom J. Strategies for promoting healthier food choices.
American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings
. 2009;99(2):159–164. See also: Dayan E, Bar-Hillel M. Nudge to nobesity II: menu positions influence food orders.
Judgment and Decision Making
. 2011;6(4):333–342.

23
. Dayan and Bar-Hillel. Nudge to nobesity II.

24
. Sharpe KM, Staelin R. Consumption effects of bundling: consumer perceptions, firm actions, and public policy implications.
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
. 2010;29(2):170–188. See also: Harris J, Blair EA. Consumer preference for product bundles: the role of reduced search costs.
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
. 2006;34(4):506–513.

25
. Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol.
Lancet
. 2009;373(9682):2234–2246. See also: Jones CM, Kammen DM. Quantifying carbon footprint reduction opportunities for U.S. households and communities.
Environmental Science & Technology
. 2011;45(9):4088–4095. See also: Joyce A, Dixon S, Comfort J, Hallett J. Reducing the environmental impact of dietary choice: perspectives from a behavioural and social change approach.
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
. 2012;2012:978672.

26
. Shiv B, Fedorikhin A. Heart and mind in conflict: the interplay of affect
and cognition in consumer decision making.
Journal of Consumer Research
. Dec 1999;26(3):278–292.

27
. Dhar R, Wertenbroch K. Consumer choice between hedonic and utilitarian goods.
Journal of Marketing Research
. Feb 2000;37(1):60–71.

28
. Lapham SC, Gruenwald PJ, Remer L, Layne L. New Mexico’s 1998 drive-up liquor window closure. Study I: effect on alcohol-involved crashes.
Addiction
. 2004;99(5):598–606. See also: Lapham SC, Skipper BJ. New Mexico’s 1998 drive-up liquor window closure. Study II: economic impact on owners.
Addiction
. 2004;99(5):607–611.