A Durable Peace (69 page)
Authors: Benjamin Netanyahu
49.
The jerusalem Post ,
May 16 and June 7, 1982.
50.
Raphael Israeli,
The PLO in Lebanon: Selected Documents
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983).
51.
Livingstone and Halevy,
Inside the PLO,
p. 82
.
52.
Al-Saeyasa
(Kuwait), June 2, 1990.
53.
Jimmy Carter,
The Blood of Abraham
(Boston: Hough ton Mifflin, 1985),
pp. 112
–
13
.
54.
Arafat first approached the United States with a statement that he was willing to accept that “Israel is here to stay”
in 1973, a full fifteen years before the supposed acceptance of Israel that prompted the U.S.-PLO dialogue. Arafat’s original
proposal to the Americans was that he would accept Israel if the United States would support a PLO state in Jordan. The Americans
did not respond, in part because they believed that the PLO “was certain to be irredentist” and would not be satisfied only
with Jordan. Henry Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), p. 626.
55.
The jerusalem Post ,
March 26, 1973.
56.
Harris Schoenberg,
Mandate for Terror: The United Nations and the PLO
(New York: Shapolsky, 1989),
pp. 413
–
14
.
57
.
The New York Times,
Oct. 10, 1985. Cited in Livingstone and Halevy,
Inside the PLO,
p. 317
.
58.
Livingstone and Halevy,
Inside the PLO,
p. 259
.
59.
At an Arab League luncheon at the UN, at which the UN secretary-general was present;
The New York Times,
Dec. 4, 1985.
60.
The New York Times,
Nov. 13, 1988. Abbas continued: “It wasn’t us who carried out this
[Achille Lauro]
operation, but the Americans. They are the ones who made this whole thing up. The Americans are trying to play the role of ‘cowboy’”
Al-Watan Al-Arabi
(Paris), Dec. 16, 1988.
61.
The Wall Street Journal,
July 26, 1979.
62.
Nov. 8–11, 1987.
The Record of Events
called the conference “extraordinary” in that it was called to deal with the Iran-Iraq War rather than the usual agenda.
“The Middle East and North Africa” (London: Europa Publications, 1991), 37th ed.,
p. 244
.
63.
Abu Iyad interviewed on BBC, Nov. 10, 1985.
64.
Kaddoumi in
Quotidien de Paris,
Nov. 19, 1985.
65.
The denial was issued by PLO spokesman Mahmoud Labadi.
The Jerusalem Post,
July 26, 1982.
66.
Arafat’s official text, Geneva, Dec. 13, 1988.
67.
Arafat, in Ibid.
68.
The New York Times,
Jan. 19, 1989. Such reactions were based on the views of the State Department, whose spokesman announced that “things will
never be the same again in the Middle East peace process.”
The Washington Post,
Dec. 16, 1988.
69.
Arafat on Austrian television, Dec. 19, 1988.
70.
Za’anoun quoted in
Al-Anba
(Kuwait), Dec. 23, 1988.
71.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Rayah
(Qatar), Jan. 13, 1990.
72.
Al-Hassan quoted in
Al-Rayah
(Qatar), Jan. 13, 1990.
73.
Hawatmeh quoted by Jamahiriya News Agency (Libya), Apr. 19, 1989.
74.
Abu Iyad on Radio Monte Carlo, March 4, 1989.
75.
Kaddoumi quoted in
Politiken
(Denmark), May 18, 1989.
76.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Watan
(Kuwait), Feb. 11, 1989.
77.
Habash quoted in the PFLP’s
Al-Hadaf,
April 9, 1989.
78.
Saudi Press Agency, Aug. 8, 1989.
79.
Arafat and Qaddafi statement, Jana Libyan News Agency, quoted by Agence France Presse, Jan. 7, 1990.
80.
Arafat on Radio Monte Carlo, May 2, 1989.
81.
Arafat quoted by Agence France Presse, May 5, 1989.
82.
Balawi interviewed with
Al-Sabbah
(Tunisia), quoted by Kuwait News Agency, May 6, 1989.
83.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Saeyasa
(Kuwait), June 1, 1989.
84.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Ukaz
(Saudi Arabia), Jan. 23, 1989.
85
. Natshe quoted in
Al-Watan
(Kuwait), Jan. 8, 1989.
86.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Anba
(Kuwait), Sept. 7, 1988.
87.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Yom Al-Sabi,
Nov. 28, 1988.
88.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Sapir,
Jan. 1988.
89.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Anba
(Kuwait), Dec. 18, 1988.
90.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Dehira Ufales
(Kuwait), Jan. 6, 1987.
91.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Anba
(Kuwait), Sept. 7, 1988.
92.
Abu Iyad quoted
in Al-Anba
(Kuwait), Dec. 6, 1988.
93.
Abu Iyad quoted in
Al-Anba
(Kuwait), Dec. 12, 1988.
94.
Arafat quoted by Libyan News Agency, May 1, 1990.
95.
Kaddoumi quoted over BBC Arabic Service, Apr. 5, 1989.
96.
Sayah quoted in
Al-Saeyasa
(Kuwait), Dec. 21, 1988.
97.
Sayah quoted in
As-Shira
(Beirut), Aug. 22, 1988.
98.
PFLP statement, Voice of the Mountain Radio (Lebanon), June 9, 1989.
99.
PFLP’s
Al-Hadaf,
Apr. 9, 1989.
100.
Hawatmeh quoted by Agence France Presse, Jan. 1989.
101.
Natshe quoted in
Al-Qabas,
Dec. 26, 1989.
102.
Al-Rai
(Amman), Nov. 12, 1992.
103.
Dejani quoted in
Ukaz
(Saudi Arabia), Nov. 22, 1988.
104.
Natshe quoted
m Al-Watan
(Kuwait), Jan. 8, 1989.
105.
Danny Rothschild, Israel Government Coordinator for Judea and Samaria, Oct. 1991.
106.
Hassan quoted in
Al-Watan
(Kuwait), Feb. 21, 1990.
107.
Through Jan. 1, 1953. Atkinson,
Security,
p. 164
. This amounts to more than $5 billion in 1992 terms.
108.
Qaddafi on ABC,
20/20,
Jan. 27, 1988. Nasser said as much three decades earlier: “If Arabs return to Israel, Israel will cease to exist.”
Züricher Woche,
Sept. 1, 1961; cited in Katz,
Battleground,
p. 31
.
109.
Arafat quoted in Qatar News Agency, Jan. 13, 1989.
110.
Natshe quoted in
Al-Watan
(Kuwait), Jan. 8, 1989.
111.
Arafat quoted by Middle East News Agency, Aug. 1, 1991.
112.
Algiers Voice of Palestine, March 15, 1992.
114.
Kaddoumi quoted in Ibid.,
p. 197
.
115.
As of Aug. 23, 1992, 698 “collaborators” had been murdered in the territories by the intifada committees. Source: IDF
spokesman.
116.
Arafat quoted in
People’s Daily,
June 29, 1989.
117.
Arafat quoted by Associated Press, Jan. 7, 1991.
118.
Farouq Kaddoumi, on Radio A-Sharq (Lebanon), Aug. 20, 1991.
119.
Voice of Palestine, Aug. 19, 1991. Predictably, within hours after the coup failed, Arafat issued a contradictory message
of congratulations to Gorbachev and Yelstin. They were not pleased.
120.
Mufti quoted in Schechtman,
Mufti,
p. 104
.
1.
Immanuel Kant, “Perpetual Peace,” in Hans Reiss, ed.,
Kant’s Political Writings
(New York: Cambridge, 1970),
pp. 100
,
103
.
2.
Shirer,
Rise and Fall,
pp. 556–57.
3.
Between 1989 and 1992, the U.S. government provided nearly $8 billion in unconditional loan guarantees to eight Arab governments,
including $500 million in guarantees for Iraq approved immediately before its invasion of Kuwait.
Near East Report,
April 6, 1992.
4.
Western European countries supplied Saddam with combat aircraft; assault, antitank, and reconnaissance helicopters; air-to-air,
surface-to-air, and air-to-surface missiles and missile launchers; electronic systems for land and sea defense; military transports
of various sorts; armored cars and antitank armored cars; mobile artillery; missile frigates and corvettes; and ammunition
and explosives. Yedidya Atlas, “Where Did Saddam Get All Those Weapons?”
The Jerusalem Post,
Sept. 17, 1990. The recent revelations and accusations in Britain and the United States seem to indicate much more extensive
Western involvement in creating the Iraqi menace than even the above list indicates.
5.
Max Nordau,
Morals and the Evolution of Man,
Marie Lewenz, trans. (New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1922),
pp. 1
–
2
.
1.
Charles Perkins,
Arms to the Arabs: The Arab Military Buildup Since
1973
(Washington, D.C.: AIPAC, 1989),
p. 5
.
2.
Saudi defense expenditures in 1990 totaled $31.9 billion, as compared with Britain’s $38.5 billion. And Saudi expenditures
in the coming years may include tens of billions of dollars in additional arms requested from the U.S. and other suppliers.
International Institute for Strategic Studies,
Military Balance, 1991
(London: Brassey, 1991),
p. 117
.
3.
The Germans had 3,350 tanks. Col. T. N. Dupuy,
A Genius for War: The German Army and General Staff 1807–1945
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977),
p. 269
. Compare this with Syria’s 4,350 today.
Military Balance,
p. 120
.
4.
The Syrian standing army comprises 404,000 troops. Israel’s active service comes to 141,000 men, and it can rely on 504,000
reserves.
Military Balance,
pp. 108
,
120
.
5.
NATO forces arrayed against a possible Soviet assault were deployed across the entire depth of West Germany, affording
150 miles of defenses between East Germany and France at West Germany’s narrowest
point. David Isby and Charles Kamps,
Armies of NATO’s Central Front
(London: Jane’s, 1985),
p. 194
.
6.
Twain,
Innocents Abroad,
p. 379
.
7.
The Arab states comprise 5.4 million square miles, while the United States is 3.5 million square miles. Maryland is 9,837
square miles, as opposed to 8,290 for pre-1967 Israel. The West Bank is 2,187 square miles.
8.
A surprise attack by Syria, Jordan, and an Iraqi expeditionary force would have a six-to-one advantage in standing ground
forces over Israel during the first forty-eight hours of the fighting. Aryeh Shalev,
The West Bank Line of Defense
(New York: Praeger Publishers, 1985),
p. 42
.
9.
The Washington Times,
Oct. 12, 1988.
10.
The Jerusalem Post,
Nov. 7, 1991.
11.
The Jaffee Center Study Group on War in the Gulf Implications for Israel
(Boulder: Westview, 1992),
p. 388
.
12.
The length of the West Bank’s border with pre-1967 Israel is 361 kilometers, as opposed to 100 kilometers at present.
Shalev,
West Bank Line,
p. 10
.
13.
Ha’aretz,
July 22, 1988.
14.
The Jerusalem Post,
Nov. 12, 1986, and Apr. 5, 1987.
15.
The Associated Press, Jan. 14, 1990.
16.
Livingstone and Halevy,
Inside the PLO,
p. 68
.
17.
Arthur Goldberg, “The Meaning of 242,”
The Jerusalem Post,
June 10, 1977.
18.
Ibid.
19.
Caradon on
The MacNeil-Lehrer Report,
Mar. 30, 1978.
20.
Eugene Rostow, “The Truth About 242,”
The Jerusalem Post,
Nov. 5, 1990.
21.
Johnson, Address before the 125th anniversary meeting of B’nai Brith, Washington, D.C., Sept. 10, 1968. Reprinted in
the Department of State Bulletin,
Oct. 7, 1968.
22.
Dayan quoted in H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
p. 674.
1.
“We, the Palestinian people, made the imaginative leap in the Palestine National Council of November 1988, during which
the Palestine Liberation Organization launched its peace initiative based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338
and declared Palestinian independence based on Resolution 181 of the United Nations, which gave birth to two states in 1948,
Israel and Palestine”
(emphasis added). Head of Palestinian delegation, Haidar Abdel-Shafi, in
The New York Times,
Nov. 1, 1991.
2.
“The claims invoked by Israel for the migration of world Jewry to it at the expense of the native Arab population are not
sanctioned by anylegal or humanitarian principle. If the entire world were to adopt such claims, it would have to encourage
Christians to emigrate to the Vatican and all the Moslems to emigrate to holy Mecca.” Syrian foreign minister Farouq Al-Shara,
in Ibid.
3.
Tlas quoted on Damascus Television Service, Mar. 7, 1990.
4.
The jerusalem Post ,
Oct. 22 and 23, 1991.
5.
The New York Times,
Mar. 22, 1991.
