A Gambling Man: Charles II's Restoration Game (66 page)

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Académie des Sciences

Act of Oblivion and Indemnity (1660)

Act of Uniformity (1662)

The Adventures of Five Hours
(Tuke and Calderón)

Africa

agriculture

Ailesbury, Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of

Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of (1668)

Albemarle, Duke of
see
Monck, George, Duke of Albemarle

alchemy

Alexis, Tsar of Russia

Algiers

Allen, Sir Thomas

Allestree, Richard

Allin, Sir Thomas

Amalia von Solms, Dowager Princess of Orange

ambassadors;
see also individual ambassadors by name

America
see
North American colonies; South American colonies

Amsterdam

Anglesey, Arthur Annesley, Earl of

Anne, Queen

Anne of Austria, Regent of France

Annesley, Arthur, Earl of Anglesey
see
Anglesey, Arthur Annesley, Earl of

Annus Mirabilis
(pamphlets);
see also
Dryden

Argyll, Archibald Campbell, Marquess of

Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of: portrait,
plate 19
;; Keeper of King’s Privy Purse; made Secretary of State; and spy network; made Baron Arlington; rivalry with Buckingham; Clarendon’s fall; Cabal; Treaty of Dover

Arlington, Isabella, Countess of

Armstrong, Sir Thomas

Arran, Richard Butler, Earl of

Arundell, Henry, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour, Lord

Ashley, Lord
see
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord Ashley, 1st Earl of

Ashmole, Elias

astronomy

Aubrey, John

Audley End

Avebury

Backwell, Edward

Bacon, Sir Francis

Badminton

Baillie, Robert

Baltimore, Lord

Bank of England

bankers

Barbados

Barbon, Nicholas

Barlow, Francis: artworks by

Barrow, Isaac

Bath

Bath, Earl of
see
Grenville, John (later Earl of Bath)

Batten, Sir William

Bawdy House riots

Baxter, Richard:

Bayley, Charles

Beauclerk, Charles, Duke of St Albans (son of CII and Nell Gwyn)
see
St Albans, Charles Beauclerk, Duke of

Beaufort, Henry Somerset, Lord Herbert, Marquess of Worcester, 1st Duke of

Beaumont, Francis

Bedford, Francis Russell, 4th Earl of

Behn, Aphra

Belasyse, Sir Henry

Belasyse, John, Baron

Belling, Sir Richard

Bennet, Henry, 1st Earl of Arlington
see
Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of

Bentham, James

Bergen, attack on (1665)

Berkeley, Charles, Earl of Falmouth:; Keeper of the Privy Purse; Earl of Falmouth; death

Berkeley, John, 1st Baron of Stratton

Berkeley, Mary (née Bagot)

Berkeley, Sir William

Berkshire, Thomas Howard, Earl of

Betterton, Thomas

Birkenhead, Sir John

Blackborne, Robert

Blagge, Margaret

Bland, John

Blood, Thomas

Blount, Thomas

Bludworth, Sir Thomas

Blundell, William

Bocquet, E.: engravings by

Bombay

booksellers and publishers;
see also
printing and the press

Booth, Sir George

Bourbon, Henri de, duc de Verneuil
see
Verneuil, Henri de Bourbon, duc de

Boyle, Elizabeth (née Killigrew), Countess of Shannon

Boyle, Francis, 1st Viscount of Shannon

Boyle, Richard, 1st Earl of Cork

Boyle, Richard, 1st Earl of Burlington and 2nd Earl of Cork
see
Burlington, Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork, 1st Earl of

Boyle, Richard, Lord Burlington

Boyle, Robert: portrait;;
The Sceptical Chymist

Boyle, Roger
see
Orrery, Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill, 1st Earl of

Bradshawe, John

Breda, Declaration of (1660)

Breda, Treaty of (1667); medal

Brewster, Ann

Brewster, Thomas

Bridgeman, Sir Orlando

Bridgewater, Earl of

Bristol

Bristol, Anne Russell, Countess of

Bristol, George Digby, 2nd Earl of: portrait;; and Clarendon

British army: New Model Army; foundation of Coldstreamers, Royal Dragoons, Royal East Kent Regiment (‘Buffs’) and Royal Horse Guards (‘Blues’)

Brooke, John

Brooks, Nathan

Brouncker, Henry

Brouncker, William, 2nd Viscount

Brown, John

Bruce, Alexander, 2nd Earl of Kincardine

Buat, Sieur de

Buckhurst, Charles Sackville, Lord (later Earl of Dorset): portrait;; and Nell Gwyn;
The Comical Revenge

Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of

Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of: portrait,
plate 11
;; and northern rebels; verse; and parliamentary factions; and Clarendon’s impeachment; Cabal; and negotiations with France; religious toleration; and Monmouth; as dramatist

Buckingham, Mary Fairfax, Duchess of

Bunyan, John

Burlington, Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork, 1st Earl of

Burlington, Lord
see
Boyle, Richard, Lord Burlington

Burnet, Alexander, Archbishop of Glasgow

Burnet, Gilbert, later Bishop of Salisbury (historian):

Busby, John

Butler, Charlotte

Butler, James
see
Ormond, James Butler, Earl, Marquess and 1st Duke of

Butler, Richard
see
Arran, Richard Butler, Earl of

Butler, Samuel

Butler, Thomas, Earl of Ossory
see
Ossory, Thomas Butler, Earl of

Byron, Eleanor, Lady

Cabal

Calamy, Edmund

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro

Calvert, Elizabeth

Calvert, Giles

Cambridge: Pembroke College

Cambridge, James, Duke of

Canary Patent

Canterbury

Capel, Sir Arthur, 1st Baron

Capel, Theodosia

card games (ombre) (basset)

Caribbean
see
West Indies

Carlisle, Charles Howard, Earl of

Carrickfergus

Carte, Thomas

Carteret, Sir George

Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer (née Villiers), Countess of (later Duchess of Cleveland): portraits,
plate 13
;; and Frances Stuart; Catholicism; and Clarendon’s dismissal; satires attacking; made Duchess of Cleveland; children with CII.

Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of:

Catherine of Braganza, Queen: portraits,
plate 14
;; marriage to CII; rivalry with Castlemaine; Catholicism; court life; childbirth problems; and Frances Stuart; later life and death

Catholicism:.; Ireland;; anti-catholic feeling; Treaty of Dover; York’s inclination to; second Declaration of Indulgence; Test Acts and succession issue; CII’s deathbed conversion; Irish support for James II

cattle farming

Cavendish, Margaret
see
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of

censorship

ceremonial

The Change of Crownes
(Howard)

chapmen

Charles I, King: portrait,
plate 1
; and Van Dyck’s painting of his children; and Newmarket; sends family into exile during Civil War; relationship with Scots; consequences of single-mindedness; execution, treatment of regicides and associates; CII reassembles his artworks

Charles II, King

GENERAL
: appearance; and astrology; building works; character; charm; and clocks; clothes; courteousness; cynicism; dining out; education; paintings; friends; generosity; and honour; and horse racing; his household; and hunting; literary representations; management of relationships and rivalries; models for behaviour; monarchy style; and music; ‘Old Rowley’ nickname; and parks; as performer; relationship with Arlington; with his children; with Minette; with mother; with parliament; religious beliefs; ruthlessness; and sailing; and science; sense of humour; and tennis; and the theatre; travels within his kingdom; and women

LIFE
:

Pre-1660
: childhood; Civil War and exile; failed invasion from Scotland leads to Worcester and escape; mistresses

1660–63
: events leading up to Restoration; voyage home; arrival in England; reconciliation and revenge; propaganda; forms government; constitutional issues; financial problems; breaks up New Model Army; early religious policies; land ownership; petitions; affair with Castlemaine; Gloucester’s death; York marries Anne Hyde; treatment of regicides; ceremony and coronation; and Whitehall; reclaims CI’s artworks; receives ambassadors; marriage; relationship with Castlemaine continues; progress from Hampton Court to Whitehall; and religious settlement; advances Arlington’s career; sale of Dunkirk; Declaration to Tender Consciences; reaction to northern uprising; and Royal Society, involvement with Royal Society; receives envoys from Tsar Alexis; Christmas celebrations (1662); and Monmouth marriage; and Frances Stuart; economies; journey to Bath and Oxford; Catherine’s illness; relationship with Castlemaine; and courtiers; and theatre

1664
–66: encouragement of trade; generosity to Jews; encouragement of financiers and bankers; and East India Company; Hudson’s Bay Company; Royal Africa Company; and Dutch rivalry; preparation of fleet; passion for navy; appeals to parliament for funds for war against Dutch; declares war on Holland; and Second Anglo-Dutch War; and plague; grief at Lowestoft deaths; relationships with Louis XIV; appeals for war funds; declares war on France; Second Anglo-Dutch War and Four Days Battle; arguments with Castlemaine; and Fire of London; restoring order; and rebuilding plans; criticism of court; Persian style of clothing

1667–69
: resists Irish Cattle Bill; and Poll Tax Bill; disputes with Buckingham; rebuilding of London; and Frances Stuart marriage; reduces naval actions; makes treaty with French and negotiates with Dutch; and Medway attack; fall of Clarendon; Treasury reforms; and Buckingham; fails to negotiate treaty with France; triple alliance with Holland and Sweden; and Buckingham; religious reforms defeated; Bawdy House riots; restlessness; quarrels with Castlemaine; affair with Moll Davis;; reconciled with Frances Stuart; rumours will legitimise Monmouth; and Nell Gwyn act; and Coventry; rift with York; dismissal of Ormond; Lauderdale and Scotland; negotiates Treaty of Dover; offers to become Catholic; coach overturns; concerns about succession; grant for foreign policy;

1670 and later
: Dover negotiations continue; Minette visits; Treaty of Dover, Treaty of London bluff; affair with Kéroualle; Minette’s death; achievements of first decade; last years of reign; succession question; and Popish plot; Exclusion Crisis; Rye House Plot; final days and death; deathbed conversion

PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
: arrival at Banqueting House; at banquet given by Dutch; in Boscobel Oak; from Boscobel to Whitehall; on slipware charger; by Cooper,
plate 18
; Cooper’s profile for coinage; at coronation; escape after Worcester; by Faithorne
xii
; frontispiece to
The Courtier’s Calling
; Hollar frontispiece; by Lely,
plate 2
; with Louis XIV; on playing card; receives Prince de Ligne; touching for the King’s Evil; by van Dyck,
plate 1

Chatham

Chatillon, Isabelle-Angelique de Montmorency, duchesse de (‘Bablon’)

Chatsworth

Chaumont, Countess of

The Cheats
(Wilson)

Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of

Chesterfield, Elizabeth Butler, Countess of

Chiffinch, Barbara

Chiffinch, Thomas

Chiffinch, William

Child, Sir Francis

Child, Sir Josiah

Churchill, Arabella

Churchill, John (later 1st Duke of Marlborough)

Churchill, Sir Winston

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of: portraits,
plate 10
;; in first exile of CII; and CII’s restoration; appointed Lord Chancellor; and religious policies; relationship with Castlemaine; scandal of daughter’s marriage to York; made Earl of Clarendon; and regicides issue; and CII’s marriage; and religious settlement; hostility to Castlemaine; and fall from favour; Bristol accusations; and northern uprising; and Dutch war; Clarendon House;; Fire of London; and Buckingham; Canary Patent; fall and exile; and Richmond marriage; death.

Clarendon, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of

Clarendon, Frances, Countess of

Clarendon Code

Clarke, Dr

Cleveland, Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of Southampton, 1st Duke of (son of CII and Castlemaine)

Cleveland, John

Clifford, Thomas, Lord:

cloth industry

clothes

Cocke, Captain George

coinage

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste

Colbert de Croissy, Charles:

Colchester

Coleman, Mrs

Collier, Jeremy

Collins, Joan

colonies and colonialism: British attitude; trade legislation; and Treaty of Breda;
see also
Africa; North American colonies; South American colonies; West Indies

comets

Cominges, comte de:

Committee for Foreign Affairs

Commonwealth
see
Interregnum

The Compleate Gamester
(attrib. Cotton)

Conventicle Act (1664); (1670)

Convention Parliament

Conway, Anne (née Finch), Viscountess

Cotton, Charles

Cooke, Henry

Cooke, John

Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Lord Ashley and 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
see
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord Ashley, 1st Earl of