A History of the End of the World (45 page)

57.
Rowley,
Relevance of Apocalyptic,
13 (“child of prophecy”); Bernard McGinn, “Introduction: John’s Apocalypse and the Apocalyptic Mentality,” in Emmerson and McGinn,
Apocalypse,
9–10 (“mother of Christian ity”).

58.
Dan. 7:10 (TNK).

59.
Dan. 12:1 (KJV).

60.
Job 25:6 (TNK).

61.
Dan. 7:13–14 (JPS; adapted).

62.
Jer. 29:10, 29:11 (JPS).

63.
Dan. 9:21, 9:24 (RSV; adapted).

64.
Dan. 12:11, 12:12 (NKJ).

65.
John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
144.

66.
Rowley,
Relevance of Apocalyptic,
50.

67.
Moshe Idel, “Jewish Apocalypticism: 760–1670,” in McGinn,
Apocalypticism,
207. (Idel also cites “the drama of redemption in Exodus” as one of the sources of Western apocalypticism.)

68.
Bernard McGinn, “The Last Judgment in Christian Tradition,” in McGinn,
Apocalypticism,
367.

69.
Paul D. Hanson, “Introductory Overview,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
1:280.

70.
Quoted in John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
137.

71.
Gen. 5:24 (JPS).

72.
Gen. 6:4.

73.
Adela Yarbro Collins, “The Book of Revelation,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
407, quoting 1 Enoch 9:8.

74.
Dan. 4:13 (KJV).

75.
1 Enoch 7:2, 8:1–2, quoted in John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
136–37.

76.
1 Enoch 10:4–7, quoted in John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
137–38.

77.
Ford,
Revelation,
31.

78.
John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
140–41.

79.
Dan. 9:26 (JPS).

80.
1 Enoch 60, quoted in Ehrman,
Jesus,
147 (adapted).

81.
John J. Collins, “Early Jewish Apocalypticism,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
1:286.

82.
Rowley,
Relevance of Apocalyptic,
65.

83.
John J. Collins, “Early Jewish Apocalypticism,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
1:286.

84.
Collins, “Early Jewish Apocalypticism,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
1:287.

85.
Dan. 7:7, 7:9, 7:10, 7;13, 7:14 (JPS).

86.
Josephus,
The Jewish War,
6.312, quoted in John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
151. (“Josephus argues that it actually predicted the rise of Vespasian, who was proclaimed emperor on Jewish soil.”)

87.
Quoted in John J. Collins, “Early Jewish Apocalypticism,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
1:287. (See Josephus,
The Jewish War,
2.13.4 sec. 258–60.)

88.
Josephus,
The Jewish War,
2.261–62, quoted in John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins,
Origins of Apocalypticism,
150–51.

89.
Josephus,
The Jewish War,
quoted in Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
67.

90.
Shem Tov Ibn Gaon,
Migdal
Oz, Hilkhot Melachim 11:3, quoted in Aviezer Ravitsky, “The Messianism of Success in Contemporary Judaism,” in Stein,
Apocalypticism,
211.

91.
Quoted in Neusner,
Yohanan Ben Zakkai,
141, citing, inter alia, TP Taanit 4.7 (adapted).

92.
Ehrman,
Jesus,
x, 3.

93.
Mark 9:1 (RSV).

94.
1 Thess. 4:16–17 (RSV)

95.
Isa. 11:1 (JPS).

96.
Armstrong,
Jerusalem,
153.

97.
Rom. 1:3 (KJV).

98.
Matt. 27:37 (KJV).

99.
Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse” in Emmerson and McGinn,
Apocalypse,
20–21.

100.
Rev. 22:20 (KJV).

CHAPTER 3: THE HISTORY OF A DELUSION

1.
Jer. 36:4 (JPS).

2.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
33.

3.
Rev. 1:1 (AB; adapted).

4.
Richard K. Emmerson, “Introduction: The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn,
Apocalypse,
293.

5.
Rev. 1:9 (AB; adapted).

6.
Irenaeus,
Against Heresies,
V.xxx.iii, quoted in Ladd,
Revelation of John,
8 n. 1.

7.
Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
5:702; quoted in Bernard McGinn, “Introduction: John’s Apocalypse and the Apocalyptic Mentality,” in Emmerson and McGinn,
Apocalypse,
18 (“of which many good Christians…”); Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
87 (“could not have been written…”).

8.
Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
86.

9.
John 5:24, 11:26 (RSV; adapted). See also John 3:18, 14:3, and 16:7 for examples of a “realized” eschatology. By contrast, see John 6:39–40, 6:54, 12:58, 12:25, 14:3, 14:18, and 14: 28 for examples of a “futuristic” eschatology.

10.
Rev. 10:7 (RSV; adapted).

11.
Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
93.

12.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
28.

13.
Rev. 21:14 (RSV). Adela Yarbro Collins finds it “unlikely that a living apostle would speak in such a way.” Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
5:702.

14.
Rowley,
Relevance of Apocalyptic,
125, summarizing the arguments of R. H. Charles.

15.
Quoted in Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
87.

16.
Ehrman,
Jesus,
45, citing Acts 4:13; Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
88. Ehrman points out that the literal meaning of the Greek word used in Acts 4:13 to describe Peter and John is “illiterate,” although it is often translated into English as “uneducated.”

17.
N. Middle, quoted in Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
86. The discussion to which Middle refers is the debate over the authorship of all five books of the New Testament that have been attributed to the apostle John and not merely the authorship of Revelation.

18.
Quoted in Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
30.

19.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
30.

20.
Ford,
Revelation,
3, 4, 7, 18, 40 (emphasis added). Ford counts “approximately” fourteen references to “Jesus” and “Jesus Christ” in Revelation.

21.
Ford,
Revelation,
40.

22.
Ford,
Revelation,
15.

23.
Ford,
Revelation,
37, 18.

24.
Farrer,
Rebirth of Images,
98.

25.
Ford,
Revelation,
22.

26.
Ford,
Revelation,
18.

27.
Ford,
Revelation,
28.

28.
Ford,
Revelation,
33 (adapted).

29.
Matt. 3:2, 3:11–12 (RSV; adapted).

30.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
34.

31.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
47.

32.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
47.

33.
Cited but also criticized in Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
37, 47.

34.
Farrer,
Rebirth of Images,
23.

35.
Miles,
Christ,
109.

36.
Rev. 17:1–2, 17:4 (KJV; adapted).

37.
Rev. 17:9 (RSV).

38.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
57.

39.
Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
15.

40.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
47.

41.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
47.

42.
Rev. 17:5 (KJV).

43.
Victorinus,
Commentary on the Revelation
(10:11), quoted in Ladd,
Revelation of John,
8 n. 1 (“…condemned to the mines…”); Farrer,
Rebirth of Images,
24 (“…concentration-camp…”).

44.
Yarbro Collins,
Crisis and Catharsis,
55.

45.
Rev. 1:9 (NLT).

46.
Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman,
Anchor Bible Dictionary,
5:701.

47.
Barclay,
Letters,
14.

48.
Barclay,
Letters,
15 (adapted).

49.
Rev. 17:4 (KJV; adapted).

50.
Rev. 2:13 (RSV); Schüssler Fiorenza,
Book of Revelation,
193.