A Secret Life (56 page)
Authors: Benjamin Weiser
Tags: #History, #Europe, #Germany, #World, #True Crime, #Espionage
215
“project known as Discus . . . ”
Excerpt archive note from HQ to field December 1, 1980.
“project known as Discus . . . ”
Excerpt archive note from HQ to field December 1, 1980.
215
“was of outstanding intelligence significance . . . ”
Excerpt HQ comments to field December 1, 1980.
“was of outstanding intelligence significance . . . ”
Excerpt HQ comments to field December 1, 1980.
215-217
“as Kuklinski was preparing...”
Interview RK; RK message to CIA December 14, 1980.
“as Kuklinski was preparing...”
Interview RK; RK message to CIA December 14, 1980.
217
“I believe the Soviets...”
Gates,
From the Shadows,
p. 166.
“I believe the Soviets...”
Gates,
From the Shadows,
p. 166.
217
“urged Carter to send Brezhnev . . . ”
Brzezinski, “A White House Diary,” pp. 36-37; also Gates,
From the Shadows,
p. 167.
“urged Carter to send Brezhnev . . . ”
Brzezinski, “A White House Diary,” pp. 36-37; also Gates,
From the Shadows,
p. 167.
217-218
“foreign military intervention . . . ”
Text of “U.S. Statement on Poland,”
New York Times
, December 4, 1980, p. 10.
“foreign military intervention . . . ”
Text of “U.S. Statement on Poland,”
New York Times
, December 4, 1980, p. 10.
218
“departed airports in the order...”
Interview RK.
“departed airports in the order...”
Interview RK.
219
“The night of the exchange ...”
Interview RK; excerpt of field cable to HQ describing RK message.
“The night of the exchange ...”
Interview RK; excerpt of field cable to HQ describing RK message.
219-221
“Dear friends ...”
RK message to CIA delivered December 4, 1980.
“Dear friends ...”
RK message to CIA delivered December 4, 1980.
222-223
“felt something crinkle . . . ”
Excerpt of archival note from field; interview Gilbertson.
“felt something crinkle . . . ”
Excerpt of archival note from field; interview Gilbertson.
223
“Report is of critical importance...”
Excerpt of HQ cable to field after receiving RK message of December 4.
“Report is of critical importance...”
Excerpt of HQ cable to field after receiving RK message of December 4.
223-224
“At Langley, a summary...”
Excerpt of HQ message to field relaying text of memo hand-carried to president.
“At Langley, a summary...”
Excerpt of HQ message to field relaying text of memo hand-carried to president.
224-225
“At 9:10 a.m. on Friday ...”
Brzezinski, “A White House Diary,” pp. 38-43; interview Brzezinski.
“At 9:10 a.m. on Friday ...”
Brzezinski, “A White House Diary,” pp. 38-43; interview Brzezinski.
225-226
“Skalski gave a briefing . . . ”
Excerpt of RK message to CIA December 8, 1980.
“Skalski gave a briefing . . . ”
Excerpt of RK message to CIA December 8, 1980.
226
“weekend’s high meetings ...”
Excerpt HQ message to field December 8, 1980.
“weekend’s high meetings ...”
Excerpt HQ message to field December 8, 1980.
227
“In the final analysis...”
RK message to CIA December 14, 1980.
“In the final analysis...”
RK message to CIA December 14, 1980.
227
“preparations for pushing...”
RK message to CIA delivered December 23.
“preparations for pushing...”
RK message to CIA delivered December 23.
228
“Your information . . . ”
Excerpt of HQ message to field for delivery to RK.
“Your information . . . ”
Excerpt of HQ message to field for delivery to RK.
Chapter
9
Preparing to Crush Solidarity
9
Preparing to Crush Solidarity
Key interviews: RK, Forden, Donnelly, Burggraf, Tom Ryan, Aris Pappas, James Simon, Iza.
229
“a play on the title of . . . ”
Lenin’s journal, published in Germany in 1900, was called “Iskra” and said on its masthead, “Out of this spark will come a conflagration.” Adam Ulam,
The Bolsheviks
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965), p. 159.
“a play on the title of . . . ”
Lenin’s journal, published in Germany in 1900, was called “Iskra” and said on its masthead, “Out of this spark will come a conflagration.” Adam Ulam,
The Bolsheviks
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965), p. 159.
229
“information of extraordinary . . . ”
Excerpt HQ cable to station December 1, 1981.
“information of extraordinary . . . ”
Excerpt HQ cable to station December 1, 1981.
230
“Not long after, he learned . . . ”
As General Hermaszewski had described the conspiracy to Kuklinski, the candidate to assume Siwicki’s post as chief of staff was General Tadeusz Hupalowski, who was “in daily contact with the Russians,” Hermaszewski said. Although aspects of the plot made it seem unlikely to Kuklinski, he considered Hermaszewski, the commander of the First Air Defense Corps, to be a credible source because he was close to officials in the Russian Embassy in Warsaw. Kuklinski told the CIA that his “information on the preparation for the
coup d’etat
” should be treated “with utmost care.”
“Not long after, he learned . . . ”
As General Hermaszewski had described the conspiracy to Kuklinski, the candidate to assume Siwicki’s post as chief of staff was General Tadeusz Hupalowski, who was “in daily contact with the Russians,” Hermaszewski said. Although aspects of the plot made it seem unlikely to Kuklinski, he considered Hermaszewski, the commander of the First Air Defense Corps, to be a credible source because he was close to officials in the Russian Embassy in Warsaw. Kuklinski told the CIA that his “information on the preparation for the
coup d’etat
” should be treated “with utmost care.”
230
“he learned from a neighbor . . . ”
Excerpts of RK message to the CIA January 2, 1981.
“he learned from a neighbor . . . ”
Excerpts of RK message to the CIA January 2, 1981.
230
“The indicators ...”
Excerpt of RK message January 2.
“The indicators ...”
Excerpt of RK message January 2.
231
“Then, without Bogdan’s knowledge...”
Interview RK.
“Then, without Bogdan’s knowledge...”
Interview RK.
231
“Bogdan had also fallen in love...”
Interviews Iza, RK.
“Bogdan had also fallen in love...”
Interviews Iza, RK.
232
“Kuklinski successfully used it . . . ”
Excerpts of message from field to HQ;
“highest party-government circles ...”
excerpt of first Iskra message January 21, 10:00 P.M;
“I hope this is the first...”
excerpt of SE Division Chief’s cable to field and HQ cable to field January 23.
“Kuklinski successfully used it . . . ”
Excerpts of message from field to HQ;
“highest party-government circles ...”
excerpt of first Iskra message January 21, 10:00 P.M;
“I hope this is the first...”
excerpt of SE Division Chief’s cable to field and HQ cable to field January 23.
232
“Gull obviously likes...”
Excerpt of HQ cable to field, January 29, 1981.
“Gull obviously likes...”
Excerpt of HQ cable to field, January 29, 1981.
233
“Hurried preparations are...”
Excerpt of RK message about the Iskra February 9, 1981.
“Hurried preparations are...”
Excerpt of RK message about the Iskra February 9, 1981.
234
“There exists a serious uneasiness . . . ”
Excerpt of RK letter to CIA February 22, 1981.
“There exists a serious uneasiness . . . ”
Excerpt of RK letter to CIA February 22, 1981.
234
“I must add that . . . ”
Kuklinski also included three pages on Moscow’s position in the strategic arms limitation talks and diagrams of the organizational structure of the Warsaw Pact armies for 1981-1985, including command elements, personnel strengths, military equipment, and reserves.
“I must add that . . . ”
Kuklinski also included three pages on Moscow’s position in the strategic arms limitation talks and diagrams of the organizational structure of the Warsaw Pact armies for 1981-1985, including command elements, personnel strengths, military equipment, and reserves.
234
“They are of outstanding . . . ”
Excerpt of HQ cable to field March 5, 1981.
“They are of outstanding . . . ”
Excerpt of HQ cable to field March 5, 1981.
234
“That day, the Reagan...”
“Warsaw Pact Games Arouse U.S. Concern; a Warning Is Issued.”
New York Times
, March 6, 1981.
“That day, the Reagan...”
“Warsaw Pact Games Arouse U.S. Concern; a Warning Is Issued.”
New York Times
, March 6, 1981.
235
“Kuklinski included films . . . ”
Kuklinski’s films also included these items (excerpt of RK delivery list of March 13, 1981):
“Kuklinski included films . . . ”
Kuklinski’s films also included these items (excerpt of RK delivery list of March 13, 1981):
Memorandum from Soviet Army General Gribkov to the Polish Defense Ministry listing all employees of the Warsaw Pact staff who enjoy privileges and immunities for 1981. 5 pages. Secret. Russian.Report on the State of Scientific Research and Experimental-Design Programs of Warsaw Pact Armies/Countries for 1980. 15 pages. Top Secret. Russian.Summary of the Soyuz 81 Operational-Strategic Command-Staff Exercise to be delivered by the Deputy Manager. 22 pages. Secret. Russian.List of participants in the decision-making game of February 16, 1981. 3 pages. Confidential. Polish.Information on the state of preparations of the State in the event of introducing martial law and on the proposals from the decision-making game. 10 pages. Top Secret. Polish.
236
“Introduction of the state of martial law . . . ”
Excerpt of RK message about the Iskra April 1, 1981.
“Introduction of the state of martial law . . . ”
Excerpt of RK message about the Iskra April 1, 1981.
237
“Jaruzelski visited...”
This translation from RK interview with
Kultura
; also similar wording in RK message about the Iskra written April 12, recovered from the defective Iskra when the device was given back during the April 26, 1981, exchange.
“Jaruzelski visited...”
This translation from RK interview with
Kultura
; also similar wording in RK message about the Iskra written April 12, recovered from the defective Iskra when the device was given back during the April 26, 1981, exchange.
238
“On three occasions . . . ”
Responding to his difficulties, the agency wrote back that the CIA’s designers and engineers were “equally disappointed,” were laboring to solve the problem, and were confident they would succeed. “It is a complex piece of sophisticated equipment not previously used by anyone, and unfortunately we are finding that it is not infallible,” one “Daniel” letter said.
“On three occasions . . . ”
Responding to his difficulties, the agency wrote back that the CIA’s designers and engineers were “equally disappointed,” were laboring to solve the problem, and were confident they would succeed. “It is a complex piece of sophisticated equipment not previously used by anyone, and unfortunately we are finding that it is not infallible,” one “Daniel” letter said.
238
“so I can give you a timely alert...”
Excerpt of RK letters to CIA April 26, 1981.
“so I can give you a timely alert...”
Excerpt of RK letters to CIA April 26, 1981.
238
“Under Moscow’s pressure . . . ”
One document turned over in this exchange, a briefing paper summarizing Soyuz 81, was described in a CIA note to Kuklinski as “of unique value,” because it was the first indication of the formation of a mobile army group. The Soviets had a new operational concept to develop fast-moving air and land forces that could break through front lines and penetrate far into NATO territory. The CIA said it would “have an impact on our assessment of the future doctrine and tactics of Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces.”
“Under Moscow’s pressure . . . ”
One document turned over in this exchange, a briefing paper summarizing Soyuz 81, was described in a CIA note to Kuklinski as “of unique value,” because it was the first indication of the formation of a mobile army group. The Soviets had a new operational concept to develop fast-moving air and land forces that could break through front lines and penetrate far into NATO territory. The CIA said it would “have an impact on our assessment of the future doctrine and tactics of Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces.”
239
“We Poles are deeply aware . . . ”
Excerpt of RK letter to Daniel April 26, 1981.
“We Poles are deeply aware . . . ”
Excerpt of RK letter to Daniel April 26, 1981.
239
“We must face stark reality . . . ”
Excerpts of cable from HQ to field April 9, 1981.
“We must face stark reality . . . ”
Excerpts of cable from HQ to field April 9, 1981.
239-240
“the best view . . . ”
Excerpt of field response to HQ; interview Ryan.
“the best view . . . ”
Excerpt of field response to HQ; interview Ryan.
240-241
“On June 17 . . . ”
and account of safe incident: Interview RK; excerpt of RK letter delivered to CIA June 22, 1981. Around this time, after the close call with the safe, the CIA proposed outfitting Kuklinski with a briefcase containing a false bottom and a combination lock that would allow him to carry documents from the General Staff more securely. His own briefcase had no such lock. Kuklinski rejected the idea, writing on July 10, 1981: “Because of the recent incident, I do not wish to make any new changes in my normal and routine equipment.” Maybe in the future, he added.
“On June 17 . . . ”
and account of safe incident: Interview RK; excerpt of RK letter delivered to CIA June 22, 1981. Around this time, after the close call with the safe, the CIA proposed outfitting Kuklinski with a briefcase containing a false bottom and a combination lock that would allow him to carry documents from the General Staff more securely. His own briefcase had no such lock. Kuklinski rejected the idea, writing on July 10, 1981: “Because of the recent incident, I do not wish to make any new changes in my normal and routine equipment.” Maybe in the future, he added.
242-245
“It is likely that few people appreciated . . . ”
Interviews Pappas, Simon.
“It is likely that few people appreciated . . . ”
Interviews Pappas, Simon.
245-247
“Burggraf had completed...”
Interviews Burggraf, Ryan.
“Burggraf had completed...”
Interviews Burggraf, Ryan.
247-248
“As the July party congress . . . ”
RK letter July 10, 1981, delivered July 14.
“As the July party congress . . . ”
RK letter July 10, 1981, delivered July 14.
248
“if there is one...”
RK letter July 14, 1981.
“if there is one...”
RK letter July 14, 1981.
249
“Absolutely not...”
Excerpt of HQ message for RK.
“Absolutely not...”
Excerpt of HQ message for RK.
249-250
“As you gentlemen know . . . ”
Excerpts of RK letter to CIA September 6, 1981. Kuklinski’s letter also included an intelligence report on NATO forces covering mid-June to mid-July prepared by the Soviet General Staff. As it was meant for a small circle in Moscow, Kuklinski had taken special precautions, covering up certain Russian identification numbers before he photographed the documents to make them harder to trace.
“As you gentlemen know . . . ”
Excerpts of RK letter to CIA September 6, 1981. Kuklinski’s letter also included an intelligence report on NATO forces covering mid-June to mid-July prepared by the Soviet General Staff. As it was meant for a small circle in Moscow, Kuklinski had taken special precautions, covering up certain Russian identification numbers before he photographed the documents to make them harder to trace.
250-251
“I am indeed for tunate . . . ”
Excerpts of RK letter to Daniel September 6, 1981.
“I am indeed for tunate . . . ”
Excerpts of RK letter to Daniel September 6, 1981.
251-252
“Daniel had served...”
Interview Forden.
“Daniel had served...”
Interview Forden.
252
“Gull has regularly produced . . . ”
Excerpts of CIA summary of Gull operation. It notes that his material had produced “disseminations” to the intelligence community averaging about sixty-six per quarter.
“Gull has regularly produced . . . ”
Excerpts of CIA summary of Gull operation. It notes that his material had produced “disseminations” to the intelligence community averaging about sixty-six per quarter.
252-253
“Jaruzelski interrupted...”
Excerpt of RK message September 10, 1981.
“Jaruzelski interrupted...”
Excerpt of RK message September 10, 1981.
253
“Kuklinski included film of ninety . . . ”
RK list of film delivered with letter:
“Kuklinski included film of ninety . . . ”
RK list of film delivered with letter:
1. List of legal documents pertaining to the state of martial law in consideration of national security. Secret. 10 pages.
2. Resolution of the State Council (space left for date) pertaining to introduction of the state of martial law in consideration of national security (for signature of the chairman of the State Council). Secret “S.” 2 pages.
3. Decree on the state of martial law (space left for date) (for signature of the chairman of the National Council). Secret. 29 pages.
4. Decree on special proceedings pertaining to crimes and violations while martial law is in force (space for date). Secret. 12 pages.
5. Order of the chairman of the Council of Ministers pertaining to suspension of the activities of trade unions and certain other social organizations while the state of martial law is in force. Secret “S.” 5 pages.
6. Order of the Council of Ministers (undated) pertaining to implementation of regulations of the decree of martial law with regard to communications. Secret “S.” 12 pages.
7. Order of the Council of Ministers (undated) pertaining to principles of proceedings in matters of internment of Polish citizens. Secret. 5 pages.
8. Order of the chairman of the Council of Ministers (undated) pertaining to principles and procedures for issuing permission to propagate publications and spectacles and utilization of printing shops and equipment while the state of martial law is in force. Secret. 3 pages.
9. Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs (undated) pertaining to permission to change residence while the state of martial law is in force. Secret. 6 pages.
10. Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs (undated) pertaining to the exclusion of certain public meetings and gatherings from the obligation to obtain permission while the state of martial law is in force. Secret. 2 pages.
11. Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs (undated) pertaining to limiting freedom to move while the state of martial law is in force. Secret “S.” 2 pages.
12. Order no. - of the Minister of Justice (undated) pertaining to establishment of isolation centers. Secret “S.” 1 page.
13. Order of the Minister of Justice (undated) pertaining to temporary rules for detention of internees in isolation centers. Secret “S.” 1 page.
254-255
“Intensive preparations . . . ”
Excerpt RK letter to CIA September 13, 1981.
“Intensive preparations . . . ”
Excerpt RK letter to CIA September 13, 1981.
255
“The Soviet maneuvers . . . ”
“SS-20 launchers were presented. . . . Aircraft carriers with the vertical takeoff aircraft Yak-23. Large landing ships―tenders carrying 56 tanks and floating means to lift those tanks to shore; new models of 152 MM Howitzers; battle vehicles (BMP-2), armed with 37 MM standard guns for engaging land and air targets; UAZ landing vehicles with mounted AT weapons and other modern weapons....
“The Soviet maneuvers . . . ”
“SS-20 launchers were presented. . . . Aircraft carriers with the vertical takeoff aircraft Yak-23. Large landing ships―tenders carrying 56 tanks and floating means to lift those tanks to shore; new models of 152 MM Howitzers; battle vehicles (BMP-2), armed with 37 MM standard guns for engaging land and air targets; UAZ landing vehicles with mounted AT weapons and other modern weapons....
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