A Train in Winter (52 page)

Jakoba van der Lee.
Netherlands. Lecturer at the School of Oriental Studies. Wistfully predicted Hitler’s defeat. Caught in ‘the race’ on 10 February 1943. She was 54.

Alice Varailhon.
Charente-Maritime. Lodged Resistance members and acted as liaison officer. Shot by SS for protesting about the death of a child on 11 March 1943. She was 45.

Alice Viterbo.
Egypt. Singer at the Paris Opéra. Caught in ‘the race’ on 10 February 1943 at the age of 47.

Madeleine Zani.
Meurthe-et-Moselle. Sheltered hunted resisters in Bordeaux. No witnesses to her death. She was 27 and left one son, aged three.

Notes

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Preface

1      
Over the next two weeks:
Police archives, Paris. Affaire Pican BS2 Carton 6; Pican, Cadras, Politzer et autres GB129 BS2–37; GB 65 BS–17.

4      
In the early 1960s:
see Charlotte Delbo,
Qui rapportera les paroles?
(Paris, 2001)

Part One

Chapter One

11    
What surprised:
see Alistair Horne,
To Lose a Battle: France 1940
(London, 1969); Roger Langeron,
Paris: Juin 1940
(Paris, 1946).

14    
Hitler, who paid:
Rod Kenward,
France and the French since 1900
(London, 2005), p. 243.

14    
a wonderful new toy:
Dominique Veillon,
Fashion under the Occupation
(Oxford, 2002), p. 22.

16    
Long before they reached Paris:
see Pierre Bourget,
Histoire secrète de I’occupation de Paris
(Paris, 1970); Jacques Delarue,
Histoire de la Gestapo
(Paris, 1962).

18    
From his sumptuous embassy:
see Gilles Ragache and Jean-Robert Ragache,
La Vie quotidienne des écrivains et artistes sous l’occupation 1940-1944
(Paris, 1988).

19    
At the time of the 1789 revolution:
Stéphane Courtois, Denis Peschanski and Adam Rayski,
Le Sang des étrangers
(Paris, 1989), p. 19.

19    
In early August:
see Gérard Walter,
La Vie à Paris sous l’occupation
(Paris, 1960).

21    
Parisians were advised:
Richard Cobb,
French and Germans, Germans and French
(London, 1983), p. 128.

Chapter Two

24    
The first acts:
see Henri Amouroux,
La Vie des français sous l’occupation
(Paris, 1990); Albrecht Betz and Stephan Martens,
Les Intellectuels et l’occupation
(Paris, 2004).

25    
There was, however:
see Stéphane Courtois and Marc Lazar,
L’Histoire du Parti Communiste Français
(Paris, 1995); Tony Judt,
Marxism and the French Left
(Oxford, 1986); Annie Kriegel,
The French Communists: Profile of a People
(Chicago, 1972).

26    
One of these young idealists:
Cécile Charua. Conversation with author.

29    
While Cécile was busy:
Betty Langlois. Conversation with author.

31    
‘As Heydrich…’:
Roger Bourderon and Ivan Avakoumovitch,
Détruire le PCF
(Paris, 1988).

32    
In the 1930s:
Herbert R. Lottman,
The Left Bank
(Boston, 1982), p. 151.

33    
‘Alas,’ remarked:
see Tony Judt,
Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals 1944–1956
(Oxford, 1992); Piers Brendon,
The Dark Valley
(2000).

33    
Other writers:
see Jean Guéhénno,
Journal des Années Noires
1940–1944 (Paris, 1947).

35    
Despite the presence:
see Henri Noguéres,
Histoire de la résistance en France de 1940 à 1945
(Paris, 1967).

37    
One of these was:
see Charlotte Delbo,
Auschwitz and After
(New Haven, 1970).

38    
Fascinated by the theatre:
Fonds Jouvet, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.

40    
The couturière:
Veillon,
Fashion
, p. 31.

40    
For the most part:
Cobb,
French and Germans
, p. 100.

41    
For all this:
see Betz and Martens,
Les Intellechuels
.

Chapter Three

43    
Dozens of Vichy:
Archives Nationales AJ72/257 Reports of Prefects in Occupied France; Nina Kunz, ‘Les Françaises dans la résistance’, Mainz, 2003.

44    
Sport, the Vichy:
Margaret Collins-Weitz,
Sisters in the Resistance
(New York, 1995), p. 56.

44    
Since laxity of morals:
see Veillon,
Fashion
.

50    
Not far from Mado:
Pierrette Rostaing. Conversation with author.

52    
Another household:
Paul Thévenin and Christiane Fillatre. Conversations with author.

55    
As dawn broke:
see Courtois and Lazar,
Histoire
, p. 119.

56    
To it came:
see Jean-Marie Berliére and Franck Liaiçre,
Le Sang des communistes
(Paris, 2004).

57    
Among the first:
Frédéric Blanc. Conversation with author. Also the unpublished memoir by Simone Sampaix.

57    
The new young:
see Maroussia Naitchenko,
Une Fille en guerre
(Paris, 2003).

59    
Many spoke Yiddish:
see Albert Ouzoulias,
Les Bataillons de la Jeunesse
(Paris, 1972); Marie Granet,
Les Jeunes dans la résistance
(Paris, 1985).

59    
The attack had:
see Hervé Villeré,
L’Affaire de la Section Spéciale
(Paris, 1973).

60    
The German response:
see Louis Oury,
Rue du Roi-Albert—Les Otages de Nantes, Chateaubriand et Bordeaux
(Paulin, 1997).

61    
As Pétain remarked:
Bourderon and Avakoumovitch,
Archives
, p. 154.

Chapter Four

64    
A silent, dour:
see Oury,
Rue du Roi-Albert
.

65    
As the Parisian resisters:
Jean Jérôme,
Les Clandestins 1940-1944
(Paris, 1986).

66    
The Picans had:
recorded interview 4AV812 Archives Départementales du Val-de-Marne.

67    
Not far away:
Madeleine Dissoubray. Conversation with author.

70    
De Gaulle, however:
Ouzoulias,
Les Bataillons
, p. 132.

70    
For the Germans:
Claudine Cardon-Hamet,
Mille Otages pour Auschwitz
(Paris, 1997), p. 83.

70    
With a broken:
Noguères,
Histoire
, p. 152.

71    
But for the most part:
see Primo Levi,
The Drowned and the Saved
(London, 1988).

72    
By the summer:
see Berlière and Liaigre,
Le Sang
.

74    
Look elegant and coquettish:
see Alain Guérin,
Chronique de la résistance
(Paris, 2000).

75    
The first anti-Semitic:
see Michael Marius and Robert Paxton,
Vichy France and the Jews
(London, 1981).

75    
In any case:
see Halimi,
La Délation
.

77    
Returning across the line:
see Elsa Triolet,
Ce n’était qu’un passage de ligne
(Paris, 1945).

77    
He was back in Paris:
see Anne Simonin,
Les Editions de Minuit
(Paris, 1994).

80    
Everything seemed:
see Albert Ouzoulias,
Les Fils de la nuit
(Paris 1975).

Chapter Five

87    
It was in early:
Gisèle Jaffredu. Conversation with author.

91    
The first escape:
see Sara Helm,
A Life in Secrets
(London, 2005).

92    
As a child:
Simone Alizon. Conversation with author.

Chapter Six

97    
By now, however:
Police archives, Paris. BS2 Carton 6.

99    
Better than the people:
see Frédéric Couderc,
Les Renseignements Généraux sous l’occupation
(Paris, 1992).

100    
Once Madeleine:
Police archives, Paris. BS2 Cartons 6 & 37.

101    
Charlotte Delbo was:
Mme Riera-Collet. Conversation with author.

107    
Commissioner David:
see Claude Angeli and Paul Gillet,
Debout Partisans!
(Paris, 1970).

108    
Otto von Stulpnägel:
see Ernst Junger,
Journal de guerre et d’occupation 1939–1948
(Paris, 1965).

109    
When it came to:
see Serge Klarsfeld,
Memorial to the Jews Deported from France
1942–1944 (New York, 1983).

112    
Appalled by the sentences:
Police archives, Paris. BS2 Carton 9. Affaire Brodfeld.

115    
One was:
Police archives, Paris. GB129; BS2–37.

116    
Among the first:
see Klarsfeld,
Memorial
.

117    
Most of the executions:
see Arsène Tchakarian,
Les Fusillés de Mont-Valérien
(Nanterre, 1995).