A Train in Winter (53 page)

117    
A German soldier:
Guérin,
Chronique
, p. 509.

117    
A modest, quiet:
see R. Closset,
L’Aumonier de l’enfer
(Paris, 1965).

Chapter Seven

121    
By early February:
see Maurice Rajsfus,
La Police de Vichy
(Paris, 1995).

122    
The Germans had not:
see Raphaël Delpart,
Les Convois de la Honte
(Paris, 2005).

123    
One of the people:
see Adelaïde Hautval,
Medizin gegen de Menschlichkeit
(Berlin, 2008).

126    
Towards the middle:
Police archives, Paris. GB102; BS2–10.

128    
From his repeated:
Police archives, Paris. GB50. L’Affaire Tintelin.

130    
Crucial to:
Police archives, Paris. GB65bis; BS1–17.

Chapter Eight

133    
But the long stretch:
Archives Départementales de la Gironde. Individual files 1400, 3009, 3025bis; VR199; see also René Terrisse,
A la Botte de l’occupant
(Bordeaux, 1988).

134    
Born in 1907:
Archives Départementales de la Gironde, SC493.

136    
Nearby Bègles:
Mme Vignac. Conversation with author.

137    
Aminthe and Prosper:
Hervé Guillon. Conversation with author; Michel Bainaud. Conversation with author.

140    
Hélène was an only:
Archives du Val-de-Marne. 4AV 788–90.

141    
Not far away:
Claude Epaud. Conversation with author.

142    
One of these was:
Tony Renaudin. Conversation with author.

143    
And there was:
Pierre Zani. Conversation with author.

144    
Some time after her arrival:
Archives Départementales de la Gironde, SC456.

144    
In April 1942:
See Michel Slitinsky,
La Résistance en Gironde
(Bordeaux, n.d.).

149    
By the end of October:
Archives Départementales de la Gironde, VRAC 707.

Chapter Nine

151    
The fort at Romainville:
see Thomas Fontaine,
Les Oubliés de Romainville
(Paris, 2005).

151    
The first of:
accounts taken from conversations with Cécile Charua, Simone Alizon and Betty Langlois; and memoirs left by Charlotte Delbo and Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier.

169    
Not long before:
see Jamine Ponty,
Les Polonais du Nord
(Paris, 1995); Karel Bartosek, Renè Gallissot and Denis Peschanski,
De l’Exil a la résistance
(Paris, 1989). See also archives of the Sikorski Museum in London and the Polish Institute in Paris.

170    
The entire Brabander:
see files in the Memorial de la Shoah, Paris.

175    
Of the 230:
see Charlotte Delbo,
Le Convoi du 24 janvier
(Paris, 1965).

Part Two

Much of the material for the second part of the book comes from conversations with Cécile Charua, Betty Langlois, Madeleine Dissoubray and Simone Alizon, and from their papers and letters; from talks with the descendants and relations of the women on the train; and from unpublished memoirs left by survivors.

Chapters Ten and Eleven

184    
In the summer of 1941:
see Yisrael Gutman and Michael Berenbaum,
Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp
(Washington, DC, 1998); Robert Jan van Pelt and Deborah Dwork,
Auschwitz 1270 to the Present
(New Haven, 1996).

185    
As he would later:
see Rudolf Hoess,
Commandant of Auschwitz
(London, 1959).

187    
By early 1943:
see Diarmuid Jeffreys,
Hell’s Cartel
(London, 2008).

189    
Later, Primo Levi:
see
The Drowned and the Saved
.

Chapter Twelve

220    
Their own particular:
see Myra Goldenberg, ‘Different Horrors, Same Hell’, in Roger Gottlieb ed.,
Thinking the Unthinkable
(New York, 1970).

222    
Caesar was more interested:
Auschwitz Archives. APMA-B ; V46 p. 55.

227    
The story was picked:
see Fernand Grenier.
C’était ainsi…
(Paris, 1959).

233    
Nazi medical experiments:
see Robert Jay Lifton,
The Nazi Doctors
(London, 1986); Hautval,
Medizin gegen de Menschlichkeit
(Berlin, 2008)

237    
She now prepared:
see Lore Shelley, ed.
Criminal Experiments on Human Beings in Auschwitz and War Research Laboratories
(San Francisco, 1991).

Chapter Thirteen

243    
It was not, however:
see Bernhard Strebel,
Ravensbrück. Un Complexe Concentrationnaire
(Paderborn, 2003).

245    
The Polish women:
Germaine Tillion,
Ravensbrück
(Paris, 1973), p. 54.

248    
Not long after:
see Charlotte Serre,
De Fresnes à Ravensbrück
(Paris, 1982).

251    
Among the Nacht:
Annette Posnay-Vittel. Conversation with author.

260    
One day, one of them:
see Raymonde Guyon-Belot,
Le Sel de la mine
(Paris, 1990).

261    
Not long after:
Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier, evidence to Nuremberg.

Chapter Fourteen

267    
One after another:
Geneviève de Gaulle, evidence to Nuremberg.

271    
Women suspected of:
see Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier, Unpublished diary; Keith Mant, ‘The Medical Services in the Concentration Camp of Ravensbrück’,
Medico-Legal Journal
. Vol. 18.

272    
With the approach:
see David Rousset,
L’Univers concentrationnaire
(Paris, 1946).

278    
For some time now:
see Comte Bernadotte,
La Fin
(Lausanne, 1945).

280    
One day, seven:
Mme Hommel, testimony, Ravensbrück Archives TH401.

Chapter Fifteen

288    
Much of it:
see Delbo,
Auschwitz and After
.

291    
Germaine Renaudin:
Tony Renaudin. Conversation with author.

292    
In Saint-Martin:
Gisèle Jaffredu. Conversation with author.

294    
Among those greeting:
see Janet Flanner,
Paris Journal 1944–1965
(London, 1966); Antony Beevor and Artemis Cooper,
Paris after the Liberation
, 1944–1949 (London, 1994).

295    
Even before:
see Jean-Marie Berlière and Franck Liaigre,
Liquider les Traîtres
(Paris, 2007).

296    
Like other European:
see Patricia Heberer and Jürgen Matthaus,
Atrocities on Trial
(London, 2008).

297    
Poinsot, who at:
Trial documents in the Archives Départementales de L’Allier; see also Dominique Lormier,
Bordeaux brûle-t-il?
(Bordeaux, 1998).

298    
It was generally:
see Tony Judt,
The Burden of Responsibility
(Chicago, 1998).

299    
Marie-Claude was:
see testimony in Max Ophuls,
Memory of Justice
(film, 1976); Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier, evidence to Nuremberg, 28 January 1946.

301    
On trial in Warsaw:
see Jeremy Dixon,
Commanders of Auschwitz
(Atglen, 2005).

305    
But it was more complicated:
see Simone Veil,
Une Vie
(Paris, 2007).

311    
Pierre Zani, who:
Conversation with author.

311    
Claude Epaud:
Conversation with author.

311    
Georgette Rostaing’s daughter:
Pierrette Rostaing. Conversation with author.

312    
And the sense of loss:
Catherine Hardenberg. Conversation with author.

314    
When Germaine:
See Delbo,
Auschwitz and After
.

List of illustrations

Germans in Paris, taken from
Paris in the Third Reich
by David Pryce-Jones, Collins.

Cécile Charua (Cécile Charua archive)

Betty Langlois and Lucien Dorland (with the kind permission of Yves Jegouzo)

Maï Politzer (with the kind permission of La Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation and FNDIRP)

Charlotte Delbo

Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier (with the kind permission of La Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation and FNDIRP)

Jeunes Filles de France (with the kind permission of Pierrette Rostaing)

Student protests (with the kind permission of Roger-Viollet)

Georgette and Pierrette Rostaing (with the kind permission of Pierrette Rostaing)

Danielle Casanova

Simone Sampaix and her brothers Pierre and Jacques (with the kind permission of Frédéric Blanc)

André and Germaine Pican (with the kind permission of the Archives Départementales du Val-de-Marne, Pierre Labate, Roger Hommet and L’Association Mémoire-Vive). Reserved rights.

Raymonde Sergent and her daughter Gisèle (with the kind permission of Gisèle Sergent Jafredu)

Marie and Simone Alizon (with the kind permission of Simone Alizon)

Marie-Elisa Nordmann and France Bloch (by the kind permission of the FNDIRP)

Aminthe and Yvette Guillon (with the kind permission of Hervé Guillon)

Hélène and Emma Bolleau (with the kind permission of the Archives Départementales du Val-de-Marne, Pierre Labate, Roger Hommet and L’Association Mémoire-Vive). Reserved rights.

Annette Epaud (with the kind permission of Claude Epaud)

Germaine Renaudin (with the kind permission of Tony Renaudin)

Madeleine Zani (by the kind permission of Pierre Zani)

Pierre Zani with his grandparents (with the kind permission of Pierre Zani)

Simone Sampaix (with the kind permission of Frédéric Blanc)