Amanda Adams (26 page)

9
Today, the museum houses a collection of
3
.
8
million objects.

10
Ross Parmenter, “Glimpses of a Friendship: Zelia Nuttall and Franz Boas. (Based on their Correspondence in the Library of the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia),” in
Pioneers of American Anthropology,
ed. June Helm (Seattle: University of Washington Press,
1966
),
88
.

11
“The World’s Columbian Exposition: Idea, Experience, Aftermath,”
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma
96
/WCE/title.html
.

12
Parmenter, “Glimpses of a Friendship,”
88
–
91
.

13
It was eventually examined, very much so. Native American burial sites were excavated in high volume with little concern given to the living descendants of those whose graves were being unearthed.

14
A letter from Zelia to Boas dated
1909
, cited in Ross Parmenter article detailed above.

15
And still does. Nobel Prize–winning author Octavio Paz later lived there. Today the house is a cutting-edge center for new music technology called Fonoteca Nacional.

16
Tozzer, “Zelia Nuttall, Obituary,”
475
–
482
; also in “Zelia Nuttall,”
Women Anthropologists: A Biographical Dictionary,
eds., Ute Gacs, Aisha Khan, Ruth Weinberg, and Jerrie McIntyre (Chicago: University of Illinois Press,
1989
),
269
–
274
.

17
Lawrence,
The Plumed Serpent,
24
.

18
Tozzer, “Zelia Nuttall, Obituary,”
475
–
482
.

19
Lurie, “Women in Early Anthropology,”
29
–
83
.

20
Zelia Nuttall, ed.,
The Codex Nuttall: A Picture Manuscript From
Ancient Mexico
(New York: Dover Publications, Inc.,
1975
). Introduction by Arthur G. Miller.

21
Zelia Nuttall’s “New Light on Drake: a collection of documents relating to his voyage of circumnavigation
1577
–
1580
,” Hakluyt Society series
2
, no.
34
,
1914
.

22
Ibid.

23
Zelia Nuttall, “The Island of Sacrificios,”
American Anthropologist,
New Series
12
, no.
2
(
1910
),
257
.

24
Ibid,
273
.

25
Ibid,
257
–
258
.

26
Ibid.

27
Ibid,
267
.

28
Parmenter, “Glimpses of a Friendship,”
125
.

29
Nuttall, “The Island of Sacrificios,”
280
.

30
Ibid.

31
Tozzer, “Zelia Nuttall, Obituary,”
475
–
482
.

32
“Zelia Nuttall,”
Women Anthropologists,
272
.

33
Zelia Nuttall, “The New Year of the Tropical Indigenes: The New Year Festival of the Ancient Inhabitants of Tropical America and its Revival” Bulletin,
The Pan American Union,
1928
,
62
, Washington,
71
.

34
Ibid,
73
.

CHAPTER 4: GERTRUDE BELL

1
As cited in Dorothy Van Ess Book Review of
Gertrude Bell: From Her
Personal Papers,
1914–1926
by Elizabeth Burgoyne in
Middle East
Journal
16
, no.
1
(
1962
),
93
.

2
The Letters of Gertrude Bell: selected and edited by Lady Bell, D.B.E.
Vol.
1
(New York: Boni and Liveright,
1927
). Also available online at:
http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks
04
/
0400341
h.html

3
Unless otherwise noted, all Gertrude Bell letter excerpts quoted throughout the chapter are from the digital archives of The Gertrude Bell Project, Newcastle University in Tyne,
www.gerty.ncl.ac.uk/letters.php.

4
Gertrude Bell,
The Desert and the Sown
(London: W. Heinemann,
1907
).

5
Ibid,
198
.

6
The Letters of Gertrude Bell: selected and edited by Lady Bell,
online.

7
The Gertrude Bell Project, online.

8
Georgina Howell,
Gertrude Bell: Queen of the Desert, Shaper of Nations
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux,
2007
),
37
.

9
The Letters of Gertrude Bell: selected and edited by Lady Bell,
online.

10
Ibid.

11
Ibid.

12
Julia M. Asher-Greve, “Gertrude L. Bell,
1868
–
1926
,” in
Breaking
Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,
2004
),
142
–
197
.

13
The Letters of Gertrude Bell: Selected and Edited by Lady Bell,
online.

14
In Memoriam notice of Bell, written by Colonel E. L. Strutt, editor of the
Alpine Journal
, November
1926
.

15
The Gertrude Bell Project, online.

16
Bell,
The Desert and the Sown,
12
.

17
The Gertrude Bell Project, online.

18
Ibid.

19
Ibid.

20
Asher-Greve, “Gertrude L. Bell,
1868
–
1926
,”
168
.

21
Vita Sackville-West,
Passenger to Tehran
(New York: George H. Doran,
1927
),
57
–
62
.

22
The Gertrude Bell Project,
www.gerty.ncl.ac.uk/.

23
Ibid.

24
That protection was tragically compromised when looting of the museum began in April
2003
during the U.S. invasion of Iraq; over
15
,
000
objects were taken. To date, approximately half of those have been reclaimed.

25
Max Mallowan,
Mallowan’s Memoirs
(London: Collins,
1977
),
42
.

26
The Gertrude Bell Project, online.

27
Ibid.

28
Bell’s finest biographer, Georgina Howell, depicts a rare moment of intimacy between Bell and Doughty-Wylie. It took place in Bell’s bedroom: “Her happiness was an intoxication . . . He pressed her to him, full of affection, and they lay down. Folded in his arms Gertrude told him that she was a virgin. His warmth and attentiveness were boundless, but when he kissed her and moved closer, put his hands on her, she stiffened, panicked whispered ‘No.’ He stopped at once, assuring her that it didn’t matter, and when tears came into her eyes he comforted her for a few minutes and told her nothing had changed. The he slipped away out the door.” The next day Bell received a “let’s be friends” letter from Dick. Georgina Howell,
Gertrude Bell: Queen of the Desert, Shaper
of Nations
,
137
.

29
A letter to Horace Marshall dated June
18
,
1892
, written by Bell from Gulahek (now Kulhek), a village situated approximately
60
miles outside of Teheran.

30
Bell,
The Desert and the Sown.

31
Georgina Howell,
Gertrude Bell: Queen of the Desert, Shaper of Nations
provides excellent detail of the event.

32
Ibid,
417
.

CHAPTER 5: HARRIET BOYD
HAWES

1
Mary Allsebrook,
Born to Rebel: The Life of Harriet Boyd Hawes
(Oxford: Oxbow Books,
1992
),
186
.

2
Ibid,
215
.

3
Vasso Fotou and Ann Brown, “Harriet Boyd Hawes,
1871
–
1945
” in
Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,
2004
),
200
.

4
Allsebrook,
Born to Rebel,
4
.

5
Ibid,
14
.

6
Ibid, chapters
VI
and
VII.

7
Ibid,
15
–
16
.

8
Letter dated April
28
,
1900
, on file at Smith College archives.

9
Boyd Hawes’s own reference to the Homeric quote made in her Annual Report. Homer,
Odyssey
,
XIX
, Butchers and Lang’s Translation (London: MacMillan,
1879
),
172
.

10
Fotou and Brown, “Harriet Boyd Hawes,
1871
–
1945
.”

11
Ibid,
214
.

12
Ibid.

13
Cheryl Claassen, ed.,
Women in Archaeology
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
1994
),
45
.

14
Harriet Boyd, “Excavations at Gournia, Crete”
Annual Report of the
Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution Showing the Operations,
Expenditures and Condition of the Institution for the Year Ending June 30,
1904
(Washington: Government Printing Office,
1905
),
562
; also in Fotou and Brown, “Harriet Boyd Hawes,
1871
–
1945
,”
217
.

15
Allsebrook,
Born to Rebel,
99
.

16
Harriet Boyd, “Excavations at Gournia, Crete,”
Annual Report, 1904,
563
.

17
Allsebrook,
Born to Rebel,
102
.

18
Harriet Boyd, “Excavations at Gournia, Crete,”
Annual Report, 1904,
563
.

19
The young archaeologist Edith Hall, another Smith graduate, assisted Boyd Hawes on site. She later created her own successful career as an archaeologist.

20
Allsebrook,
Born to Rebel,
10
21
Boyd, “Excavations at Gournia, Crete,”
Annual Report, 1904
.

22
Allyson McCreery, “Digging for Equality: Women in Archaeology in the Victorian Era” (Unpublished Honors History Thesis, Temple University, Philadelphia,
2007
).

23
Fotou and Brown, “Harriet Boyd Hawes,
1871
–
1945
,”
224
.

24
Allsebrook,
Born to Rebel,
230
.

25
Ibid,
230
.

26
Ibid,
131
.

27
U.S. Bureau of the Census (
2003
),
www.census.gov/population/socdemo/hh-fam/tabMS-
2
.pdf
.

28
Allsebrook,
Born to Rebel,
228
.

29
Ibid,
228
.

30
The New York Times,
February
26
,
1901
, as cited in
Born to Rebel,
135
.

31
Fotou and Brown, “Harriet Boyd Hawes,
1871
–
1945
,”
235
.

CHAPTER 6:
AGATHA
CHRISTIE

1
Agatha Christie,
Agatha Christie:An Autobiography
(Glasgow: William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd,
1977
),
372
.

2
Ibid.

3
Ibid,
9
.