Arabs (108 page)
6
Khaled Mohi El Din,
Memories of a Revolution: Egypt 1952
(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1995), pp. 41–52.
Khaled Mohi El Din,
Memories of a Revolution: Egypt 1952
(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1995), pp. 41–52.
7
Ibid., p. 81.
Ibid., p. 81.
9
Ibid., pp. 112–113.
Ibid., pp. 112–113.
10
Sadat,
In Search of Identity
, p. 107, notes he was at the cinema when the coup began; Mohi El Din,
Memories of a Revolution
, notes the fight and police report.
Sadat,
In Search of Identity
, p. 107, notes he was at the cinema when the coup began; Mohi El Din,
Memories of a Revolution
, notes the fight and police report.
15
Ibid., p. 148.
Ibid., p. 148.
16
Alan Richards,
Egypt’s Agricultural Development, 1800–1980
(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982), p. 178.
Alan Richards,
Egypt’s Agricultural Development, 1800–1980
(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982), p. 178.
18
Charles Issawi,
An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), table A.3, p. 231.
Charles Issawi,
An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), table A.3, p. 231.
20
Richard P. Mitchell,
The Society of the Muslim Brothers
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 149.
Richard P. Mitchell,
The Society of the Muslim Brothers
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 149.
21
Joel Gordon,
Nasser’s Blessed Movement: Egypt’s Free Officers and the July Revolution
(New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 179.
Joel Gordon,
Nasser’s Blessed Movement: Egypt’s Free Officers and the July Revolution
(New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 179.
24
Hassan II,
The Challenge
(London, 1978), p. 31, cited in C. R. Pennell,
Morocco Since 1830: A History
(London: Hurst, 2000), p. 263.
Hassan II,
The Challenge
(London, 1978), p. 31, cited in C. R. Pennell,
Morocco Since 1830: A History
(London: Hurst, 2000), p. 263.
25
Leila Abouzeid,
Year of the Elephant: A Moroccan Woman’s Journey Toward Independence
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989), pp. 20–21. Abouzeid first published her novel in Arabic in the early 1980s.
Leila Abouzeid,
Year of the Elephant: A Moroccan Woman’s Journey Toward Independence
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989), pp. 20–21. Abouzeid first published her novel in Arabic in the early 1980s.
26
Ibid., pp. 36–38. In the preface of her English translation she wrote: “The main events and characters throughout the whole collection are real. I have not created these stories. I have simply told them as they are. And, Morocco is full of untold stories.”
Ibid., pp. 36–38. In the preface of her English translation she wrote: “The main events and characters throughout the whole collection are real. I have not created these stories. I have simply told them as they are. And, Morocco is full of untold stories.”
27
Ibid., pp. 49–50.
Ibid., pp. 49–50.
28
John Ruedy,
Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation
(Bloomington and Indianapolis: University of Indiana Press, 2005), p. 163.
John Ruedy,
Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation
(Bloomington and Indianapolis: University of Indiana Press, 2005), p. 163.
30
Motti Golani, “The Historical Place of the Czech-Egyptian Arms Deal, Fall 1995,”
Middle Eastern Studies
31 (1995): 803–827.
Motti Golani, “The Historical Place of the Czech-Egyptian Arms Deal, Fall 1995,”
Middle Eastern Studies
31 (1995): 803–827.
32
Ibid., p. 74.
Ibid., p. 74.
33
Ezzet Adel, quoted by the BBC, “The Day Nasser Nationalized the Canal,” July 21, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5168698.stm
.
Ezzet Adel, quoted by the BBC, “The Day Nasser Nationalized the Canal,” July 21, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5168698.stm
.
37
For details of the CIA coup plot see Wilbur Crane Eveland,
Ropes of Sand: America’s Failure in the Middle East
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1980).
For details of the CIA coup plot see Wilbur Crane Eveland,
Ropes of Sand: America’s Failure in the Middle East
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1980).
38
El Saadawi,
Walking Through Fire
, pp. 89–99. The casualty figure is from Heikal,
Cairo Documents
, p. 115.
El Saadawi,
Walking Through Fire
, pp. 89–99. The casualty figure is from Heikal,
Cairo Documents
, p. 115.
40
Abdullah Sennawi, quoted by Laura James, “Whose Voice? Nasser, the Arabs, and ‘Sawt al-Arab’ Radio,”
Transnational Broadcasting Studies
16 (2006),
http://www.tbsjournal.com/James.html
.
Abdullah Sennawi, quoted by Laura James, “Whose Voice? Nasser, the Arabs, and ‘Sawt al-Arab’ Radio,”
Transnational Broadcasting Studies
16 (2006),
http://www.tbsjournal.com/James.html
.
41
Youmna Asseily and Ahmad Asfahani, eds.,
A Face in the Crowd: The Secret Papers of Emir Farid Chehab, 1942–1972
(London: Stacey International, 2007), p. 166.
Youmna Asseily and Ahmad Asfahani, eds.,
A Face in the Crowd: The Secret Papers of Emir Farid Chehab, 1942–1972
(London: Stacey International, 2007), p. 166.
42
Patrick Seale,
The Struggle for Syria: A Study of Post-War Arab Politics, 1945–1958
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986), p. 307.
Patrick Seale,
The Struggle for Syria: A Study of Post-War Arab Politics, 1945–1958
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986), p. 307.
43
Khalid al-Azm,
Mudhakkirat
[Memoirs of]
Khalid al-Azm
, vol. 3 (Beirut: Dar al-Muttahida, 1972), pp. 125–126.
Khalid al-Azm,
Mudhakkirat
[Memoirs of]
Khalid al-Azm
, vol. 3 (Beirut: Dar al-Muttahida, 1972), pp. 125–126.
44
Ibid., pp. 127–128.
Ibid., pp. 127–128.
46
Avi Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace
(London: Allen Lane, 2007), pp. 129–152; Lawrence Tal,
Politics, the Military, and National Security in Jordan, 1955–1967
(Houndmills, UK: Macmillan, 2002), pp. 43–53.
Avi Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace
(London: Allen Lane, 2007), pp. 129–152; Lawrence Tal,
Politics, the Military, and National Security in Jordan, 1955–1967
(Houndmills, UK: Macmillan, 2002), pp. 43–53.
48
Yunis Bahri,
Mudhakkirat al-rahala Yunis Bahri fi sijn Abu Ghurayb ma’ rijal al- ‘ahd al-maliki ba’d majzara Qasr al-Rihab ’am 1958 fi’l-‘Iraq
[Memoirs of the traveler Yunis Bahri in Abu Ghurayb Prison with the men of the Monarchy era after the 1958 Rihab Palace Massacre in Iraq] (Beirut: Dar al-Arabiyya li’l-Mawsu’at, 2005), p. 17.
Yunis Bahri,
Mudhakkirat al-rahala Yunis Bahri fi sijn Abu Ghurayb ma’ rijal al- ‘ahd al-maliki ba’d majzara Qasr al-Rihab ’am 1958 fi’l-‘Iraq
[Memoirs of the traveler Yunis Bahri in Abu Ghurayb Prison with the men of the Monarchy era after the 1958 Rihab Palace Massacre in Iraq] (Beirut: Dar al-Arabiyya li’l-Mawsu’at, 2005), p. 17.
49
This account was told to Yunis Bahri by an eyewitness while both were in prison in Abu Ghurayb. Bahri,
Mudhakkirat
, pp. 131–134.
This account was told to Yunis Bahri by an eyewitness while both were in prison in Abu Ghurayb. Bahri,
Mudhakkirat
, pp. 131–134.
50
Ibid., pp. 136–138.
Ibid., pp. 136–138.
51
Camille Chamoun,
La Crise au Moyen Orient
(Paris, 1963), p. 423, cited in Irene L. Gendzier,
Notes from the Minefield: United States Intervention in Lebanon and the Middle East, 1945–1958
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), p. 297–298.
Chapter 11Camille Chamoun,
La Crise au Moyen Orient
(Paris, 1963), p. 423, cited in Irene L. Gendzier,
Notes from the Minefield: United States Intervention in Lebanon and the Middle East, 1945–1958
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), p. 297–298.
1
Quoted by Malcolm Kerr,
The Arab Cold War: Gamal ‘Abd al-Nasir and His Rivals, 1958–1970
, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 21.
Quoted by Malcolm Kerr,
The Arab Cold War: Gamal ‘Abd al-Nasir and His Rivals, 1958–1970
, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 21.
4
Ibid., pp. 151–152.
Ibid., pp. 151–152.
5
The story was told by Zohra Drif, another woman veteran of the Battle of Algiers, in Danièle Djamila Amrane-Minne,
Des Femmes dans la guerre d’Algérie
[Women in the Algerian War] (Paris: Karthala, 1994), p. 139.
The story was told by Zohra Drif, another woman veteran of the Battle of Algiers, in Danièle Djamila Amrane-Minne,
Des Femmes dans la guerre d’Algérie
[Women in the Algerian War] (Paris: Karthala, 1994), p. 139.
6
Georges Arnaud and Jacques Vergès,
Pour
[For]
Djamila Bouhired
(Paris: Minuit, 1961), p. 10. Djamila Bouhired was the subject of a feature film by Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine.
Georges Arnaud and Jacques Vergès,
Pour
[For]
Djamila Bouhired
(Paris: Minuit, 1961), p. 10. Djamila Bouhired was the subject of a feature film by Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine.
8
Alistair Horne,
A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954–1962
(New York: New York Review Books, 2006), p. 151.
Alistair Horne,
A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954–1962
(New York: New York Review Books, 2006), p. 151.
9
The controversy in France surrounding the use of torture in Algeria was reawakened with the publication in 2001 of General Paul Aussaresses’ memoirs of the Battle of Algiers in which he openly acknowledged the extent of torture. The book was published in English under the title
The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-terrorism in Algeria, 1955–1957
(New York: Enigma, 2002).
The controversy in France surrounding the use of torture in Algeria was reawakened with the publication in 2001 of General Paul Aussaresses’ memoirs of the Battle of Algiers in which he openly acknowledged the extent of torture. The book was published in English under the title
The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-terrorism in Algeria, 1955–1957
(New York: Enigma, 2002).
12
Ibid., pp. 345–346.
Ibid., pp. 345–346.
15
Quoted in Laura M. James,
Nasser at War: Arab Images of the Enemy
(Houndmills, UK: Palgrave, 2006), p. 56.
Quoted in Laura M. James,
Nasser at War: Arab Images of the Enemy
(Houndmills, UK: Palgrave, 2006), p. 56.
16
“There is no doubt that northern tribesmen . . . were listening regularly to Cairo by the mid-1950s.” Paul Dresch,
A History of Modern Yemen
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 77.
“There is no doubt that northern tribesmen . . . were listening regularly to Cairo by the mid-1950s.” Paul Dresch,
A History of Modern Yemen
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 77.
17
Ibid., p. 86.
Ibid., p. 86.
18
Quoted in Mohamed Abdel Ghani El-Gamasy,
The October War: Memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt
(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1993), p. 18.
Quoted in Mohamed Abdel Ghani El-Gamasy,
The October War: Memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt
(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1993), p. 18.
24
Ibid., p. 54.
Ibid., p. 54.
25
Ibid., p. 62.
Ibid., p. 62.
26
Ibid., p. 65.
Ibid., p. 65.
28
Michael B. Oren,
Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East
(London: Penguin, 2003), p. 178.
Michael B. Oren,
Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East
(London: Penguin, 2003), p. 178.
30
BBC Monitoring Service, cited in ibid., p. 209.
BBC Monitoring Service, cited in ibid., p. 209.
31
Ibid., p. 226.
Ibid., p. 226.
33
Ibid., p. 179.
Ibid., p. 179.
34
Ibid.
Ibid.
35
On Nasser’s diplomacy see Shlaim,
The Iron Wall,
pp. 117–123; on the initiation of Hussein’s meetings with Israeli officials see Avi Shlaim,
The Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace
(London: Allen Lane, 2007), pp. 192–201.
On Nasser’s diplomacy see Shlaim,
The Iron Wall,
pp. 117–123; on the initiation of Hussein’s meetings with Israeli officials see Avi Shlaim,
The Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace
(London: Allen Lane, 2007), pp. 192–201.
36
Salah Khalaf wrote his memoirs under his nom de guerre, Abu Iyad (with Eric Rouleau),
My Home, My Land: A Narrative of the Palestinian Struggle
(New York: Times Books, 1981), pp. 19–23.
Salah Khalaf wrote his memoirs under his nom de guerre, Abu Iyad (with Eric Rouleau),
My Home, My Land: A Narrative of the Palestinian Struggle
(New York: Times Books, 1981), pp. 19–23.
37
Cited in Helena Cobban,
The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 33.
Cited in Helena Cobban,
The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 33.
40
Figures from Yezid Sayigh,
Armed Struggle and the Search for Peace: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 178–179.
Figures from Yezid Sayigh,
Armed Struggle and the Search for Peace: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 178–179.
45
Ibid.
Ibid.
46
Ibid., p. 116.
Ibid., p. 116.
47
Ibid., p. 124.
Ibid., p. 124.
48
Ibid., p. 126.
Ibid., p. 126.
49
Ibid., pp. 136–143.
Chapter 12Ibid., pp. 136–143.
1
Daniel Yergin,
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power
(New York: Free Press, 1991), p. 446.
Daniel Yergin,
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power
(New York: Free Press, 1991), p. 446.
2
Ibid., p. 500.
Ibid., p. 500.
3
See for instance al-Turayqi’s arguments for an Arab oil pipeline;
Naql al-batrul al-’arabi
[Transport of Arab petroleum] (Cairo: League of Arab States, Institute of Arab Studies, 1961), pp. 114–122.
See for instance al-Turayqi’s arguments for an Arab oil pipeline;
Naql al-batrul al-’arabi
[Transport of Arab petroleum] (Cairo: League of Arab States, Institute of Arab Studies, 1961), pp. 114–122.
4
Muhammad Hadid,
Mudhakkirati: al-sira‘ min ajli al-dimuqtratiyya fi’l-Iraq
[My memoirs: The struggle for democracy in Iraq] (London: Saqi, 2006), p. 428; Yergin,
The Prize
, pp. 518–523.
Muhammad Hadid,
Mudhakkirati: al-sira‘ min ajli al-dimuqtratiyya fi’l-Iraq
[My memoirs: The struggle for democracy in Iraq] (London: Saqi, 2006), p. 428; Yergin,
The Prize
, pp. 518–523.
8
Abdullah al-Turayqi,
Al-bitrul al-’Arabi: Silah fi’l-ma‘raka
[Arab petroleum: A weapon in the battle] (Beirut: PLO Research Center, 1967), p. 48.
Abdullah al-Turayqi,
Al-bitrul al-’Arabi: Silah fi’l-ma‘raka
[Arab petroleum: A weapon in the battle] (Beirut: PLO Research Center, 1967), p. 48.
9
Jonathan Bearman,
Qadhafi’s Libya
(London: Zed, 1986), p. 81; Frank C. Wad-dams,
The Libyan Oil Industry
(London: Croom Helm, 1980), p. 230; Yergin,
The Prize
, p. 578.
Jonathan Bearman,
Qadhafi’s Libya
(London: Zed, 1986), p. 81; Frank C. Wad-dams,
The Libyan Oil Industry
(London: Croom Helm, 1980), p. 230; Yergin,
The Prize
, p. 578.
12
Mohamed Abdel Ghani El-Gamasy,
The October War: Memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt
(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1993), p. 114.
Mohamed Abdel Ghani El-Gamasy,
The October War: Memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt
(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1993), p. 114.
13
Ibid., pp. 149–151.
Ibid., pp. 149–151.
14
Ibid., pp. 180–181.
Ibid., pp. 180–181.
15
Riad N. El-Rayyes and Dunia Nahas, eds.,
The October War: Documents, Personalities, Analyses, and Maps
(Beirut: An-Nahar, 1973), p. 63.
Riad N. El-Rayyes and Dunia Nahas, eds.,
The October War: Documents, Personalities, Analyses, and Maps
(Beirut: An-Nahar, 1973), p. 63.
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