Art of Betrayal (71 page)

40
 
The Cost of Treachery
, BBC TV, 30 October 1984

41
  Quoted in Stephen Dorril,
MI6: Fifty Years of Special Operations,
Fourth Estate, London, 2000, p. 401

42
  Cavendish,
Inside Intelligence
, p. 191

43
  Peer de Silva,
Sub Rosa
, Times Books, New York, 1978, p. 55

44
 
Genrikh Borovik,
The Philby Files
, Little, Brown, London, 1994, p. 265

45
 
The Cost of Treachery
, BBC TV, 30 October 1984

46
  Tom Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, Simon & Schuster, London, 1991, p. 50; Philby,
My Silent War
, pp. 112–17

47
 
The Cost of Treachery
, BBC TV, 30 October 1984

48
  Bruce Page, David Leitch and Phillip Knightley,
Philby: The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation
, Sphere, London, 1977, p. 211

49
  Yossi Melman and Dan Raviv,
The Imperfect Spies
, Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1989, p. 82

50
  Philby,
My Silent War
, p. 120

51
  Bower,
Red Web
, p. 127

52
  Verrier,
Through the Looking Glass
, p. 77

53
  John Limond Hart,
The CIA's Russians,
Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 2003, p. 6. Hart worked on the Albanian operation

54
  David Smiley, Imperial War Museum Sound Recording 10340

55
  Miles Copeland to Bruce Page, quoted in Phillip Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, André Deutsch, London, 1988, p. 1

56
  Hart,
CIA's Russians
, p. 6

57
  National Archives KV 3/301

58
  Borovik,
Philby Files
, p. 369

59
  Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, p. 128

60
  The re-use of Albanian drop points from the war was also clearly madness since they were compromised: Bailey,
Wildest Province,
p. 328

61
  Philby's reluctance is recounted in Miranda Carter,
Anthony Blunt: His Lives
, Macmillan, London, 2001, p. 161

62
  Philby,
My Silent War
, p. 131

63
  Ibid., p. 138

64
  Private information. Harvey's memo has not been found in the CIA archives despite repeated attempts

65
  Christopher Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5
, Allen Lane, London, 2009, p. 504

66
  A copy of an interview note written by Arthur Martin is located in National Archives KV 2/1014, which is Edith Tudor-Hart's MI5 file

67
  Ibid.

68
 
Ibid.; Chapman Pincher,
Treachery
, Random House, New York, 2009, p. 398

69
  A spy talking to Phillip Knightley recounted in
The Heart of the Matter
, BBC TV, 22 September 1985

70
  Page et al.,
Philby: The Spy who Betrayed a Generation
, p. 148

71
  Interview with a former SIS officer

72
  Nicholas Elliott,
With my Little Eye
, Michael Russell, Norwich, 1993, p. 16

73
  Seale and McConville,
Philby: The Long Road to Moscow
, p. 135

74
  Ibid.

75
  Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive
, Allen Lane, London, 1999

76
  Philby,
My Silent War
, p. xviii; Graham Greene,
The Confidential Agent
, Vintage, London, 2002, pp. 67–71

77
  Philby,
My Silent War
, p. xvi

78
  Quoted in Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, p. 148

79
  James McCargar interview, Foreign Affairs Oral History Program, Georgetown University

80
  Philby,
My Silent War
, p. 148

81
  Peter Wright,
Spycatcher
, Heinemann, Melbourne, 1987, p. 44

82
  Video of Philby being interviewed at the press conference can be found at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2A2g-qRIaU

83
  Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, p. 198

84
  National Archives PREM 111/2077 and ADM 1/29241

85
  National Archives PREM 111/2077; although Peter Wright
(Spycatcher
, p. 73) claims a bugging operation at Claridge's did take place

86
  Elliott,
With my Little Eye
, p. 23

87
  Tom Bower,
The Perfect English Spy
, Heinemann, London, 1995, p. 159

88
  National Archives PREM 11/2077

89
  Robert Rhodes James,
Anthony Eden
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1986, p. 436

90
  Anthony Eden,
Full Circle
, Cassell, London, 1960, p. 365

91
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 347

92
  National Archives ADM 1/29240

93
  ‘Russian says he killed Cold War UK diver to prevent explosion on ship', BBC Monitoring, 16 November 2007. The account
remains unverified and previous explanations included Crabb running out of air or becoming caught up in the propeller of the ship

94
 
The Heart of the Matter
, BBC TV, 22 September 1985

95
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, pp. 165–6

96
  Quoted in George Blake,
No Other Choice
, Jonathan Cape, London, 1990, p. 168

97
  Verrier,
Through the Looking Glass
, p. 4

98
  Percy Cradock,
Know your Enemy
, John Murray, London, 2002, p. 117

99
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 186; Young's comments in
The Heart of the Matter
, BBC TV, 22 September 1985

100
  W. Scott Lucas,
Divided We Stand
, Hodder, London, 1991, p. 195

101
  Private information

102
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, pp. 192 and 201; Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB in Europe and the West
, Allen Lane, London, 2005, p. 148

103
  George Kennedy Young,
Who is my Liege?
Gentry Books, London, 1972, pp. 77 and 79

104
  Chester Cooper,
The Lion's Last Roar
, Harper & Row, New York, 1978, p. 70

105
  Cradock,
Know your Enemy
, p. 111

106
  George Kennedy Young,
Masters of Indecision,
Methuen, London, 1962, p. 28

107
  Lucas,
Divided We Stand
, p. 193; obituary of John McGlashan,
Daily Telegraph
, 10 September 2010

108
  Peter Hennessy,
The Prime Minister
, Penguin, London, 2000, p. 232

109
  Cooper,
Lion's Last Roar
, pp. 178 and 211–12

110
  Hennessy,
Prime Minister
, p. 226

111
  G. K. Young,
Subversion and the British Riposte
, Ossian Publishers, Glasgow, 1984, p. 146

112
  Cooper,
Lion's Last Roar
, p. 212

113
  Paul Gorka,
Budapest Betrayed
, Oak Tree Books, Wembley, 1986, pp. 124–7

114
  Cavendish,
Inside Intelligence
, pp. 90–1; interview with Anthony Cavendish

115
  The Clandestine Service Historical Series – Hungary vol. II
External Operations 1946–1955, written May 1972 and classified Secret, declassified March 2005, available through the National Security Archive, George Washington University

116
  De Silva,
Sub Rosa
, p. 123

117
  Hennessy,
Prime Minister
, p. 243

118
  Weiner,
Legacy of Ashes
, p. 132

119
  De Silva,
Sub Rosa
, p. 123

120
  Cavendish,
Inside Intelligence
, p. 98

121
  Felix,
The Spy and his Masters
, pp. 13–15; Peter Hennessy,
The Secret State
, Penguin, London, 2002, pp. 36–7

122
  Young,
Masters of Indecision
, pp. 20–1

123
  Michael Smith,
The Spying Game
, Politico's, London, 2003, p. 197

124
  Anatoly Golitsyn's unpublished memoir

125
  Eleanor Philby,
The Spy I Loved
, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1968, p. 39

126
  Interview with Anthony Cavendish; Cavendish,
Inside Intelligence
, pp. 119 and 138

127
  Interview with Anthony Cavendish

128
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 293

129
  Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, p. 211

130
  Andrew Lycett,
Ian Fleming
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1995, p.376

131
  Nicholas Elliott,
Never Judge a Man by his Umbrella
, Michael Russell, Salisbury, 1991, p. 188

132
  Eleanor Philby,
The Spy I Loved
, p. 46

133
  Elliott,
Never Judge a Man
, p. 188

134
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 296

135
  The conversation has been reconstructed from different sources. Philby's account is in Borovik,
Philby Files
, pp. 3 and 344. The MI6 end, which may or may not be more likely to be truthful since it is based on the recordings, comes from Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 297, and Elliott's final line is also quoted in Andrew Boyle,
The Climate of Treason
, Coronet, London, 1980, p. 465

136
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, p. 435

137
  Ibid., p. 436

138
  Borovik,
Philby Files
, p. 346. There are many discrepancies between Philby's account and that of his former employers.
Philby does not mention the second meeting and the partial confession and says his signal to the Soviets came on the first night rather than the second

139
  National Archives FO 953/1697; Philby,
The Spy I Loved
, pp. 2–4

140
  Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, p. 219

141
  Philby,
The Spy I Loved
, p. 176

142
  Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, p. 254

143
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 304

144
  Derek Bristow,
A Game of Moles
, Little, Brown, London, 1993; Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy

145
  Richard Deacon,
C: A Biography of Sir Maurice Oldfield
, Macdonald, London, 1984, p. 140; Bristow,
Game of Moles
, p. xi

146
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 194

147
  Weiner,
Legacy of Ashes
, pp. 153 and 262

148
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 132

149
  John Bruce Lockhart in ‘The Role of the Intelligence Services in the Second World War', seminar held 9 November 1994, Institute of Contemporary British History, 2003,
http://www.ccbh.ac.uk/ witness_intelligence_index.php, p.29

150
  Private information

151
  Anthony Cave Brown,
The Secret Servant
, Sphere, London, 1989, p. 720

152
  John le Carré's introduction to Page et al.,
Philby: The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation
, p. 27

153
  John le Carré,
Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy
, Sceptre, London, 2009, p. 406

154
  Phillip Knightley,
The Second Oldest Profession
, W. W. Norton, New York, 1987, p. 271

155
  Knightley,
Philby: KGB Masterspy
, p. 259

156
  Malcolm Muggeridge quoted in Boyle,
Climate of Treason
, p. 502

CHAPTER 3: A RIVER FULL OF CROCODILES – MURDER IN THE CONGO

1
  Unless otherwise indicated all material about Daphne Park comes from an interview by the author in 2009

2
  Information compiled for Baroness Park's memorial service; Caroline Alexander, ‘Vital Powers',
New Yorker
, 30 January 1989

3
 
National Archives FO 371/14665; ‘Who Killed Lumumba?', BBC Correspondent, 21 October 2000, transcript available at
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/audio_video/ programmes/correspondent/transcripts/974745.txt

4
  National Archives DO 35/8804, Africa: The Next Ten Years, May 1959, memo originally drawn up at request of Foreign Secretary but distributed to the Cabinet, 2 July 1959

5
  National Archives PREM 11/2585. The memo is dated 11 December 1959 and was most likely written by John Bruce Lockhart, Controller for the Middle East and Africa

6
  Ibid.

7
  Interview with Baroness Park

8
  Comment of not being sexy from author interview; latter comment about appearance from Rachel Sylvester, ‘A licence to kill? Oh heavens, no!',
Daily Telegraph
, 24 April 2003

9
  Sylvester, ‘A licence to kill? Oh heavens, no!'

10
  John Whitwell,
British Agent
, William Kimber, London, 1966, p. 169

11
  John Bruce-Lockhart quoted in Keith Jeffery,
MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909–1949
, Bloomsbury, London, 2010, p.598