Art of Betrayal (75 page)

4
  Helen Womack (ed.),
Undercover Lives
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1998, p. 190

5
  Gordievsky discusses his family life and motivations in an interview with Dr Anthony Clare,
In the Psychiatrist's Chair
, BBC Radio 4, 1995, IWM 15628

6
  Womack (ed.),
Undercoverr Lives
, p. 188

7
  Rufina Philby, Mikhail Lyubimov and Hayden Peake,
The Private Life of Kim Philby
, St Ermin's Press, London, 1999, p. 290; Womack (ed.),
Undercover Lives
, p. 184

8
  Interview with Oleg Gordievsky

9
  Letter from Oleg Gordievsky to
The Times
, 18 August 2008

10
  Interview with Oleg Gordievsky

11
  Ibid.

12
  Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
, pp. 198–206

13
  Ibid., p. 219

14
  The only time Gordievsky has ever publicly discussed these doubts was in an interview with Dr Anthony Clare,
In the Psychiatrist's Chair
, BBC Radio 4, 1995. Also additional private information

15
  ‘Literary world applauds Rushdie knighthood',
Guardian
, 16 June 2007,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2oo7/jun/16/books.politics

16
  Interview with Sir John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009

17
  See ‘MI6 versus KGB/FSB: The Battle in Moscow', 30 January 2006, Axis Information and Analysis,
http://www.axis globe.com/article.asp?article=634

18
  Interview with Sir John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009

19
  Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
, p. 239

20
 
Interview with Oleg Gordievsky

21
  Christoper Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
Instructions from the Centre
, Sceptre, London, 1993, p. 77

22
  Christopher Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5
, Allen Lane, London, 2009, pp. 441 and 712

23
  Ibid., p. 724 has the details of the drop

24
  Eliza Manningham-Buller interviewed on
Desert Island Discs,
BBC Radio 4, 23 November 2007

25
  ‘War secrets pigeon trainer dies', BBC News website, 1 April 2004,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/northamptonshire/ 3589853.stm

26
  Interview with Baroness Manningham-Buller for BBC Radio 4, 2009

27
  Interview with Sir Stephen Lander for BBC TV, 2009

28
  Interview with Baroness Manningham-Buller for BBC Radio 4, 2009

29
  Interview with Dame Stella Rimington for BBC TV, 2009

30
  Interview with Baroness Manningham-Buller for BBC Radio 4, 2009

31
  Ibid.

32
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, pp. 716–20

33
  Gordon Barrass,
The Great Cold War
, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2009, p. 278

34
  Quoted in Andrew and Gordievsky,
Instructions from the Centre
, PP. 31–3

35
  Ibid., p. 122

36
  Ibid., pp. 45 and 129

37
  Barrass,
Great Cold War
, has the best analysis of Ryan and Able Archer, pp. 299–300

38
  Interview with Sir John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009

39
  Private information

40
  Barrass,
Great Cold War
, pp. 304–5

41
  Interview with former CIA analyst indoctrinated into the information at the time

42
  Quoted in Barrass,
Great Cold War
, p. 305

43
  Milt Bearden and James Risen,
The Main Enemy
, Century, New York, 2003, p. 47; the British reaction comes from private information

44
 
Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
, p. 310

45
  Ibid., p. 311

46
  Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, HarperCollins, London, 1993, pp. 87 and 461

47
  Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
, p. 328

48
  Ibid., p. 343

49
  Private information

50
  Interview with Mikhail Lyubimov

51
  Private information

52
  Bryan Cartledge, interview for the British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge. Available at
http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Cartledge.pdf

53
  Interview with Oleg Gordievsky and former British officials

54
  James Adams,
The New Spies
, Pimlico, London, 1995, p. 35

55
  Interview with Sir Rodric Braithwaite for BBC Radio 4, 2009

56
  Gordievsky interview with Dr Anthony Clare,
In the Psychiatrist's Chair
, BBC Radio 4, 1995

57
  Private information

58
  Ibid.

59
  Bearden and Risen,
Main Enemy;
Tim Weiner,
Legacy of Ashes,
Allen Lane, London, 2007, p. 416

60
  James Robarge, ‘Deceptions: James Angleton and CIA Counter-intelligence',
Journal of Intelligence History
, vol. 3, no. 2, Winter 2003

61
  Interview with Mikhail Lyubimov

62
  The author put each man's comments to the other. They did not speak directly

63
  Interview with Sir John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009

64
  Quoted in Phillip Knightley,
The Second Oldest Profession
, W. W. Norton, New York, 1987, p. 285

65
  Professor Stephen Kotkin, ‘Soviet Capitulation', lecture at the London School of Economics, 20 May 2010

66
  Interview with Sir Rodric Braithwaite for BBC Radio 4, 2009

CHAPTER 8: THE AFGHAN PLAINS

1
  National Archives WO 106/6148, Lecture on the Secret Service
from early in the twentieth century by a British officer to the Staff College in Quetta

2
  Vladimir Kuzichkin,
Inside the KGB
, André Deutsch, London 1990, p. 316

3
  Rufina Philby, Mikhail Lyubimov and Hayden Peake,
The Private Life of Kim Philby
, St Ermin's Press, London, 1999, p. 87

4
  Gary C. Schroen,
First In
, Ballantine Books, New York, 2005, pp. 38 and 43

5
  Special Co-ordination Committee Meeting on Afghanistan, 17 December 1979, available through
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/D5EE99CO3C4147B091AE83160A8085 FF.pdf

6
  Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, HarperCollins, London, 1993, pp. 87 and 168

7
  Interview with Stansfield Turner, 29 November 2004

8
  Sandy Gall,
Behind Russian Lines
, Sidgwick & Jackson, London 1983, p. 150

9
  George Crile,
My Enemy's Enemy
, Atlantic Books, London, 2003, p. 18

10
  Quoted in Brigadier Mohammad Yousaf and Mark Adkin,
Afghanistan: The Bear Trap
, Leo Cooper, Barnsley, 1992, p. 20

11
  Steve Coll,
Ghost Wars
, Penguin, New York, 2004, pp. 52–4

12
  Crile,
My Enemy's Enemy
, p. 354

13
  Private information from US and British sources

14
  Crile,
My Enemy's Enemy
, p. 199

15
  Interview with guide who became one of Massoud's fighters

16
  Interview with Abdullah Anas

17
  Interview with Muslem Hayat

18
  Ken Connor,
Ghost Force
, Orion, London 1993, p. 420

19
  Mark Urban,
War in Afghanistan
, Macmillan, London, 1990, pp. 101–2

20
  Private information

21
  Interview with Abdullah Anas

22
  Milt Bearden and James Risen,
The Main Enemy
, Century, New York, 2003, p. 218

23
  Interview with retired CIA official who requested anonymity

24
  ‘British and US “subversion” against Afghanistan', BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12 October 1983; ‘Man named as
British spy killed in Afghanistan found in pub', Associated Press, 16 October 1983

25
  ‘Dead UK spy alive and well',
South China Morning Post
, 17 October 1983

26
  Obituaries of Sir Edgar Beck,
The Times
, 3 August 2000, and
Daily Telegraph
, 3 August 2000

27
  Interview with guide who accompanied the convoy

28
  Interview with Muslem Hayat

29
  ‘Kabul news conference on British “spy”', BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 4 October 1983; ‘Death of British “spy” in Afghanistan: Britain's involvement', BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 19 October 1983; ‘Swede accused by Kabul of spying, possibly a journalist', BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 6 October 1983

30
  ‘Death of British spy in Afghanistan: Britain's involvement', BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 19 October 1983

31
  Soviet report of career of CIA spy in Afghanistan, 24 November 1984

32
  Coll,
Ghost Wars
, p. 130

33
  Crile,
My Enemy's Enemy
, pp. 197 and 201

34
  ‘Reagan meets rebel leaders', Facts on File World News Digest, 1 August 1986

35
  Colin Berry,
The Deniable Agent
, Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 2007, p. 116

36
  Yousaf and Adkin,
Afghanistan: The Bear Trap
, p. 88

37
  Ibid.

38
  Lester W. Grau and All Ahmad Jalali,
The Campaign for the Caves: The Battle for Zhawar in the Soviet-Afgan War
, Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas,
http:// fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/zhawar/zhawar.htm

39
  Yousaf and Adkin,
Afghanistan: The Bear Trap
, p. 176; Coll,
Ghost Wars
, p. 150; Bearden and Risen,
Main Enemy
, pp. 248–52

40
  Coll,
Ghost Wars
, pp. 11–12

41
  Private information from former intelligence official working on Afghan campaign in the late 1980s

42
  Urban,
War in Afghanistan
, p. 271

43
  Crile,
My Enemy's Enemy

44
  Coll,
Ghost Wars
, p. 100

45
 
Ibid., p. 104; Yousaf and Adkin,
Afghanistan: The Bear Trap
, p. 193

46
  Yousaf and Adkin,
Afghanistan: The Bear Trap
, pp. 113–14 and 146

47
  Ibid., p. 198

48
  Coll,
Ghost Wars
, p. 133

49
  Schroen,
First In
, p. 46. The officer who had the hit put on him by Hekmatyar was Marc Sageman (private information)

50
  Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
, p. 773

51
  Crile,
My Enemy's Enemy
, p. ix

52
  Bearden and Risen,
Main Enemy
, p. 358

53
  Yousaf and Adkin,
Afghanistan: The Bear Trap
, pp. 198 and 233

54
  Gordon Corera,
Shopping for Bombs: Nuclear Proliferation, Global Insecurity and the Rise and Fall of the A. Q. Khan Network,
Hurst, London, 2006

55
  Coll,
Ghost Wars
, p. 237

56
  Jason Bennetto, ‘Boost for MI6 in war on drugs trade',
Independent
, 29 August 1997

57
  Coll,
Ghost Wars
, p. 466

58
  Details of intelligence collection plan from George Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, HarperCollins, London, 2007, p. 120. Mike Scheuer of the Bin Laden unit has frequently complained of the failure to take more aggressive action

59
  Intelligence and Security Committee,
Rendition
, HMSO, 2007, Cm 7171

60
  The best account of Massoud's final minutes is in Schroen,
First In
, pp. 5–6

CHAPTER 9: OUT OF THE SHADOWS

1
  Interview with Sir Colin McColl for BBC Radio 4, 2009

2
  Private information

3
  Philip H. J. Davies, ‘A Critical Look at Britain's Spy Machinery',
Studies in Intelligence
, vol. 49, no. 4, 2005

4
  Private information from former member of Joint Intelligence Committee in the 1990s

5
  Interview with Sir Gerry Warner for BBC Radio 4, 2009

6
  Interview with Sir Rodric Braithwaite for BBC Radio 4, 2009;
Rodric Braithwaite,
Across the Moscow River
, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2003

7
  Stella Rimington,
Open Secret
, Arrow, London 2002, pp. 234 and 238

8
  Mitrokhin's story is recounted in Christopher Andrew's foreword to
The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World
, Allen Lane, London, 2005, pp. xiii-xxiv; the detail of the young MI6 officer comes from additional private information

9
  Richard Tomlinson,
The Big Breach
, Cutting Edge, Edinburgh, 2001, p. 110

10
  James Adams,
The New Spies
, Pimlico, London, 1995, p. 10

11
  Interview with former British official, 2009

12
  Milt Bearden and James Risen,
The Main Enemy
, Century, New York, 2003, p. 427

13
  Private information