Art of Betrayal (74 page)

46
  Bagley,
Spy Wars
, p. 85

47
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 277

48
  Yuri Nosenko speech to the CIA

49
  Walter Pincus, ‘Yuri I. Nosenko, 81: KGB agent who defected to the U.S.',
Washington Post
, 27 August 2008; Hart,
CIA's Russians,
p. 144

50
  Bagley,
Spy Wars
, p. 216

51
  Hart,
CIA's Russians
, p. 160

52
  Yuri Nosenko speech to the CIA

53
  Details taken from ibid.

54
  Pincus, ‘Yuri I. Nosenko, 81: KGB agent who defected to the U.S.'

55
  Heuer, ‘Nosenko: Five Paths to Judgment', p. 383

56
  Ibid.

57
  References to this in ‘The Family Jewels', p. 23, a CIA document which consists of almost 700 pages of responses from CIA employees to a 1973 directive from Director of Central Intelligence James Schlesinger asking them to report activities they thought might be inconsistent with the Agency's charter. Declassified and available at
www.cia.gov

58
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 284

59
  Warren Richey, ‘A cold-war case of CIA detention still echoes',
Christian Science Monitor
, 8 January 2008; Bagley,
Spy Wars

60
  Pincus, ‘Yuri I. Nosenko, 81: KGB agent who defected to the U.S.'

61
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, p. 507

62
  Pincher,
Treachery
, p. 393

63
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 338

64
  Robert M. Hathaway and Russell Jack Smith, ‘Richard Helms as Director of Central Intelligence', p. 124, internal CIA publication, originally classified secret, available at
www.cia.gov

65
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 290; Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, p. 511

66
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 135

67
  Obituary of Andrew King,
Daily Telegraph
, 15 November 2002

68
  Obituary of Donald Prater,
The Times
, 12 September 2001

69
  Pincher,
Treachery
, p. 539

70
  John le Carré, ‘A Service known only by its failures',
Toronto Star,
3 May 1986

71
 
The Times
, 20 July 1984

72
  Barrie Penrose and Roger Courtiour,
The Pencourt File
, Secker & Warburg, London, 1978, p. 238

73
  Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, p. 75

74
  See David Omand,
Securing the State
, Hurst, London, 2010, p. 252

75
  Chapman Pincher,
The Truth about Dirty Tricks
, Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1991; and Stephen Dorril and Robin Ramsay,
Smear!
, Grafton, London 1992, p. 264.

76
  Hathaway and Smith, ‘Richard Helms as Director of Central Intelligence', p. 101

77
  Haviland Smith quoted in Tim Weiner,
Legacy of Ashes
, Allen Lane, London, 2007, p. 326

78
  The officer was David Murphy: David Wise,
Molehunt
; David C. Martin,
Wilderness of Mirrors
, Harper & Row, New York, 1980, p. 199

79
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 308

80
  Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, p. 279

81
  Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive
, Allen Lane, London, 1999, pp. 242 and 477

82
  Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, p. 305

83
  Wise,
Molehunt
, p. 256

84
  See introduction to Heuer, ‘Nosenko: Five Paths to Judgment'

85
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 372

86
  Pincher,
Treachery
, p. 545

87
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 372

88
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 378

89
 
Penrose and Courtiour,
Pencourt File
, p. 321

90
  Ibid., p. 9

91
  Deacon,
C: A Biography of Sir Maurice Oldfield
, p. 251

92
  Le Carré, ‘A Service known only by its failures'

93
  John le Carré in the introduction to Alec Guinness,
My Name Escapes Me
, Penguin, London, 1997, p. viii

94
  Private information

95
  Dr Christopher R. Moran and Dr Robert Johnson, ‘In the Service of Empire: Imperialism and the British Spy Thriller 1901–1914',
Studies in Intelligence
, vol. 54, no. 2, June 2010

96
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 270

97
  Donald Rumsfeld speaking on weapons of mass destruction at a press conference in June 2002,
http://www.defense.gov/ transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=3490

98
  Heuer, ‘Nosenko: Five Paths to Judgment', p. 412

99
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 2

100
  Ibid., p. 3

101
  Letter to
The Times
, 18 July 1984; further letters relating to the subject on 19 July and editorial 23 July 1984

102
  De Mowbray first spoke out in the wake of the authorised history of MI5. See Gordon Corera, ‘Former molehunter speaks out', 26 January 2010, BBC News website,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8479807.stm

103
  In
Treachery
Chapman Pincher brings together all the evidence that he believes points to Hollis having been a Communist spy

CHAPTER 6: COMPROMISING SITUATIONS

1
  Interview with Mikhail Lyubimov, Moscow 2009. Further material on Lyubimov's time in London is drawn from Rufina Philby, Mikhail Lyubimov and Hayden Peake,
The Private Life of Kim Philby
, St Ermin's Press, London, 1999, part 3; Alexander Norman, ‘Lunching with the Enemy', in John le Carré,
Sarratt and the Draper of Watford
, Village Books, Sarratt, 1999; Mikhail Lyubimov, ‘London', in Helen Womack (ed.),
Undercover Lives,
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1998; David Leppard, ‘With smiles and cash',
Sunday Times
, 19 February 1995

2
  Philby et al.,
Private Life of Kim Philby
, p. 272

3
 
Lyubimov, ‘London', p. 158

4
  Ibid., pp. 158 and 165

5
  National Archives PREM 15/1935; Christopher Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5
, Allen Lane, London, 2009, pp. 565–87; Peter Wright,
Spycatcher
, Heinemann, Melbourne, 1987, pp. 49–51

6
  Anthony Courtney,
Sailor in a Russian Frame
, Johnson, London, 1968, p. 53

7
  Liddell Hart Archives, Papers of Anthony Courtney, GB99 KCLMA Courtney; Courtney,
Sailor in a Russian Frame
, p. 55

8
  Liddell Hart Archives, Papers of Anthony Courtney, GB99 KCLMA Courtney

9
  Courtney,
Sailor in a Russian Frame
, pp. 126–7

10
  National Archives PREM 13/483

11
  National Archives PREM 15/582

12
  Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive
, Allen Lane, London, 1999, p. 531

13
  National Archives PREM 15/582

14
  Liddell Hart Archives, Papers of Anthony Courtney, GB99 KCLMA Courtney

15
  National Archives CAB 129/113, The Radcliffe Tribunal on Vassall

16
  Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
, p. 531

17
  Ibid., p. 443

18
  The following account is drawn from John Vassall's confession and police reports (National Archives CRIM 1/4003) and the report of the Radcliffe Tribunal on Vassall (National Archives CAB 129/113)

19
  National Archives CAB 129/113, Radcliffe Tribunal on Vassall

20
  National Archives CRIM 1/4003

21
  The case of the woman is mentioned in passing in National Archives CAB 129/113, Radcliffe Tribunal on Vassall

22
  ‘MP friends of ex-spy are still in public life',
The Times
, 27 January 1975; Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
The KGB: The Inside Story, of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev,
Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1990, p. 364

23
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 166

24
  National Archives CRIM 1/4003; D. R. Thorpe,
Supermac: The
Life of Harold Macmillan
, Chatto & Windus, London, 2010, p. 539

25
  Interview with Sir Gerry Warner for BBC Radio 4, 2009

26
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, pp. 310–11

27
  Interview with Sir John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009

28
  Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
Instructions from the Centre
, Sceptre, London, 1993, p. 94

29
  National Archives ADM 1/30088; Harry Houghton,
Operation Portland
, Granada, London, 1972, p. 18

30
  Houghton,
Operation Portland
, p. 31

31
  Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev,
The Crown Jewels
, HarperCollins, London, 1999, ch. XI

32
  Ibid., p. 264

33
  National Archives ADM 1/30088

34
  Houghton,
Operation Portland
, p. 71

35
  West and Tsarev,
Crown Jewels
, p. 270

36
  National Archives ADM 1/30088, The Romer Report

37
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, pp. 486–7; Wright,
Spycatcher
, pp. 130–1

38
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 132

39
  Ibid., p. 136

40
  National Archives ADM 1/30088

41
  Thorpe,
Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan
, p. 527

42
  Tom Bower,
The Perfect English Spy
, Heinemann, London, 1995, pp. 265–7

43
  George Blake,
No Other Choice
, Jonathan Cape, London, 1990, p. 213

44
  National Archives FO 953/2264

45
  Gordon Lonsdale,
Spy: Memoirs of Gordon Lonsdale
, Mayflower-Dell, London, 1966; Greville Wynne,
Wynne and Penkovsky,
Corgi, London, 1984, p. 191

46
  Blake,
No Other Choice
, p. 264

47
  Quoted in Miranda Carter,
Anthony Blunt: His Lives
, Macmillan, London, 2001, p. 447

48
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, p. 499

49
  Interview with Mikhail Lyubimov

50
  National Archives PREM 15/582 includes a copy of the booklet

51
 
Peter Wright details the new strategy in
Spycatcher
, pp. 123–4

52
  Norman, ‘Lunching with the Enemy', p. 56

53
  Leppard, ‘With smiles and cash'

54
  Oleg Kalugin,
Spymaster,
Smith Gryphon, London, 1994, p. 131

55
  ‘I arrested a KGB superspy', BBC News website,
http:// news.bbc.co.uk/ onthisday/ hi/ witness/ September/ 30/ newsid_2523000/2523457.stm

56
  National Archives PREM 15/1935

57
  Ibid.

58
  This account derives from an interview with Mikhail Lyubimov and from Philby et al,
Private Life of Kim Philby
, part 3

59
  Ibid., p. 274

60
  Ibid., p. 280

61
  Eleanor Philby,
The Spy I Loved
, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1968, p. 78

62
  Philby et al.,
Private Life of Kim Philby
, pp. 30–1

63
  Ibid., p. 245

64
  Kalugin,
Spymaster
, p. 142

65
  Genrikh Borovik,
The Philby Files
, Little, Brown, London, 1994, p. 371

66
  Norman Sherry,
The Life of Graham Greene
, vol. 2, Jonathan Cape, London, 1994, pp. 488–9

67
  Borovik,
Philby Files
, p. 245

68
  Michael Shelden,
Graham Greene: The Man Within
, Heinemann, London, 1994, p. 323

69
  Marie-Françoise Allain,
The Other Man: Conversations with Graham Greene
, The Bodley Head, London, 1983, pp. 183–4

70
  Philby et al.,
Private Life of Kim Philby
, p. 175

71
  Borovik,
Philby Files
, p. 234

72
  Norman Sherry,
The Life of Graham Greene
, vol. 3, Pimlico, London, 2004, p. 749

73
  Olga Craig, ‘John le Carré: Espionage is an accident, like love',
Sunday Telegraph
, 29 August 2010

74
  Sherry,
Life of Graham Greene
, vol. 2, p. 487

75
  Ibid., p. 494

76
  Yuri Modin,
My Five Cambridge Friends
, Headline, London, 1994, p. 270

CHAPTER 7: ESCAPE FROM MOSCOW

1
  This account is drawn from interviews with Mikhail Lyubimov and Oleg Gordievsky

2
  Interview with Mikhail Lyubimov; Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev
, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1990, p. 453

3
  Oleg Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
, Macmillan, London, 1995, p. 336