Art of Betrayal (81 page)

Latvia,
53–4

Leeds,
148
,
149

le Carré, John (David Cornwell),
1
,
3–4
,
5
,
21–2
,
92
,
100
,
142
,
162
,
189
,
208
,
214
,
215
,
243
,
247
,
323–4
;
A Perfect Spy,
21
;
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold,
58
,
215
;
Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy,
92
,
184
,
214

Leconfield House,
216
,
265

Lenin,
252

Leningrad,
276
,
277

Leopold II, King of Belgium,
104–5
,
106

Leopoldville,
97
,
105
,
107
,
110
,
112
,
122
,
123
,
126
,
127
,
128

Libya,
328
,
331
,
356
,
359
,
383–6

Lithuania,
53

Litvinenko, Alexander,
395

Llandudno,
221

Lockerbie,
327

Logar,
302

London: Philby is recruited as spy in,
18
; Philby and Smollet work in,
19
; MI6 priorities are agreed in,
31
; tapes from Vienna are processed in,
47
; planning meeting for Albanian operation,
59
; Philby navigates disputes between Washington and,
64–5
; telegram about escape of Burgess and Maclean,
68–9
; Philby summoned to,
69
; Philby's press conference in,
75
; Cooper attends meeting in,
80–1
; reactions to Hungarian uprising in,
83
; confidence about Philby case in,
88
; Wisner sent as CIA station chief in,
90
; ideas about the Congo in,
121
,
125
; Soviet delegation including Penkovsky is invited to,
139
; Wynne takes Penkovsky's letter to,
140
; Blake arrested in,
143
; first round of

London–
contd
meetings between Penkovsky and officers of MI6 and CIA,
135
,
140
,
144–8
,
152–4
; Penkovsky's second visit to,
157–8
,
159–60;.
Red List and Amber List,
164
; Golitsyn travels to US via,
186–7
; informed about Golitsyn's defection,
189
; Soviet subversive operations based in,
219–23
,
225
,
230–1
,
232
,
233
,
234–7
,
242
,
261
,
262
,
263
; Courtney speaks out in parliament about Soviet operations in,
224–5
; defection of Lyalin and expulsion of Soviet diplomats,
241–2
,
251–2
; Gordievsky based in,
256–7
,
258–64
,
267
,
269
,
272
,
285
; Gorbachev visits,
272
; Gordievsky's arrival after escape from Moscow,
280
; response to Soviet invasion of Afghanistan,
291
; discussions about Afghanistan between CIA and MI6 officers,
295–6
; satellite phone communication between Afghanistan and,
298
; decision to use advanced weaponry in Afghanistan reached in,
305
; New Labour government comes to power in,
312
; and radical Islam,
328
; airspace closed and security tightened on 9/11,
331
; and detainees held in Afghanistan,
339
; resists CIA unilateral operations in UK,
343
; terrorist attacks on,
346–7
; and Iraq,
354
,
356
,
377
,
379
,
382
,
384–5
,
388
; Russian dissidents in,
396
; brief references,
6
,
36
,
62
,
95
,
134
,
190
,
205
,
208
,
209
,
224
,
283
,
293
,
319
,
320
,
340
,
354
,
355
,
358

London Film Productions,
14
,
46

London Underground,
241
,
261

Lonsdale, Gordon (Konon Molody),
195
,
232–3
,
234–6
,
237–8
,
244
,
246

Lubyanka, the,
174
,
318

Lukasevics, Janis,
54–5
,
261

Lumumba, Patrice,
96–7
,
102
,
105–6
,
106–7
,
112–14
,
115
,
116–17
,
118–19
,
120
,
121
,
122
,
123–5
,
127–30
,
131

Lunn, Sir Arnold,
44

Lunn, Peter,
44–5
,
86
,
88–9
,
90
,
143
,
194
,
228

Lusaka,
131

Luton,
346

Lyalin, Oleg,
241–2
,
252

Lyubimov, Mikhail,
219–23
,
225
,
239
,
240–1
,
242
,
243
,
244
,
245
,
247
,
248
,
249
,
251
,
252
,
255–6
,
262
,
274
,
276
,
280
,
286–7
; ‘Special Traits of the British National Character and their Use in Operational Work',
241

McCargar, James,
57
,
59
,
64
,
67
,
74
,
83

McColl, Colin,
178
,
179
,
182
,
281
,
304
,
315–16
,
321
,
322–3
,
324
,
327
,
402

McCone, John,
170
,
215

McLean, Billy,
60

Maclean, Donald,
68
,
69
,
74
,
88
,
191
,
226
,
230
,
244
,
285

Macmillan, Harold,
75
,
112
,
115
,
121
,
125
,
189
,
237
,
239

Major, John,
333

Malta,
59
,
61
,
62

Manning, David,
332
,
354
,
358
,
362
,
367
,
383

Manningham-Buller, Dame Eliza,
237
,
264
,
265–6
,
267
,
321
,
330
,
331
,
341
,
343
,
344
,
346
,
347
,
348
,
386
,
402

Manningham-Buller, Reginald,
237
,
264

Marshall Plan,
39
,
56
,
58

Martin, Arthur,
70
,
86
,
90
,
190
,
191
,
192
,
193
,
194
,
195
,
196
,
197
,
204
,
205
,
208
,
217
,
236
,
266

Marx, Karl,
158

Ma
Å¡
ek, Jan,
9–11

Mass Appeal, Operation,
357

Massoud, Ahmed Shah,
296
,
297–8
,
299
,
300
,
302
,
303
,
304
,
306
,
308
,
309
,
310
,
311
,
312
,
313
,
314
,
335
336
,
338

Maugham, Somerset: ‘Mr Harrington's Washing',
276

Mediterranean,
115

Melk,
26

Menzies, Sir Stewart,
91

Mexico City,
202

Middle East,
76
,
78–9
,
81
,
100
,
114
,
133
,
254
,
323
,
329
,
333
,
355
,
356
,
358
,
397
see also
names of countries

MI5: Soviets evade surveillance of,
47–8
; Philby critiques papers from,
66
; and escape of Burgess and Maclean,
69
; and the investigation into Philby,
69
,
70
,
75
,
90
; relations with MI6,
5
,
70–1
,
265
,
343–4
,
348
; concerns about a tip-off to Philby,
89
,
194–5
; molehunts,
5
,
190–7
,
204–5
,
206
,
208
,
212
,
213
,
214
,
263–4
,
265–7
; A4 surveillance branch,
222
,
230
; struggles to contain espionage operation run out of Soviet Embassy,
222
; surveillance of Vassall,
230
; blackmail attempt by,
231
; receives information about Houghton,
234
; surveillance of Houghton,
235
; surveillance of Lonsdale,
235
,
236
; officers confront Lyubimov,
240
; Operation Foot,
241–2
; information from Gordievsky leads to discovery of traitor in,
263–4
,
265–7
; Eliza Manningham-Buller joins,
264
; old-fashioned approach of,
264–5
; attitudes to women,
265
; talk of merger between MI6 and,
316
; delegation meets KGB in Moscow,
318
; blocks visa for Russian intelligence officer,
319
; helps to reorganise intelligence services in Eastern Europe,
320
; avowed in 1989
321
; and concerns about mistreatment of prisoners,
339
,
340
,
341
; and terrorism,
343–4
,
345
,
346–50
,
351
; fictional portrayal in
Spooks,
344–5
; has fewer resources to deal with Russian spies,
396
; brief references,
2
,
18
,
19
,
20
,
74
,
78
,
102
,
148
,
226
,
239

Miliband, Ralph,
221

‘Military Thought' (Soviet document),
159

Milmo, H.J.,
70

Milo
Å¡
evi
ć
Slobodan,
325

Ministry of Defence,
293
,
295
Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS),
369
,
370

Ministry of Information,
20

MI6: secrecy,
1–2
; and morality,
3
; fictional portrayal of,
3–4
,
5
,
215
,
323–4
see also
Fleming, Ian; Greene, Graham; le Carré, John; tension between covert action and intelligence gathering,
4
,
6
,
60
,
133–4
,
329
; relationship with MI5,
5
,
70–1
,
265
,
343–4
,
348
; relationship with CIA,
5
,
271
; perceived as means of preserving British influence,
5
; mystique surrounding,
6
; during First World War,
27–8
; during Second World War,
28–9
; and Field Security Service,
9–10
,
31–2
; work in post-war Vienna,
10–11
,
22–3
,
23–4
,
24–8
,
29–30
,
31
,
32
,
33
,
36
,
37
,
43
,
44–6
,
47
,
49
; and Greene,
15–16
,
20
,
247
; and Jewish refugees,
32–3
; secrets betrayed by Blake,
48
; Baltic operations,
51–5
,
67
; Albanian operations,
55–6
,
57
,
58
,
59–63
,
64
,
66
,
67
; problems affecting,
66–7
; attitudes to Philby in,
71
,
75
,
89–90
; lax vetting and security,
71–2
; Philby perceived as possible chief of,
74
; aggressive covert operations,
76–9
; and Suez Crisis,
79–81
,
84
; and assassination,
79–80
,
303–4
,
325–6
; assessment of damage caused by

MI6–
contd
Philby's betrayal,
91
; new recruits shown film of Philby,
93
; officer reports on situation in Africa,
98
; active in the Congo, through work of Park,
94
,
95–7
,
99–104
,
108–10
,
111–12
,
114
,
116–17
,
119–20
,
121
,
122
,
125–7
,
131
; and women,
101–2
,
133
; Africa remains important for,
131–2
; and Asia,
132–3
; and use of businessmen,
138
,
238
; Penkovsky works for CIA and,
135
,
140–1
,
143–70
,
176–7
; arguments with CIA after arrest of Penkovsky,
174–5
; growth of professionalism in,
4
,
78
,
141–2
,
177
; Blake is questioned, and confesses to treachery,
142–3
; fails to provide advance warning about building of Berlin Wall,
162
; and advent of satellite spying,
170–1
; staff recruited by Shergy,
177–8
; and Beneficiary (Kaczmarzyk),
178–80
; and Freed (Kro
č
a),
180
molehunts,
5
,
185
,
192–3
,
196–7
,
199
,
204
,
205–8
,
211–12
,
213
,
215–16
,
217–18
; Golitsyn is permitted to see Penkovsky file of,
197
; and Courtney,
223
,
224
; and blackmail,
232
; sceptical about Gorbachev,
283–4
; and Afghanistan, after Soviet invasion,
290
,
291
,
292
,
293
,
295–300
,
301–2
,
33–4
,
308
,
309
,
310
,
312
,
314
; and bin Laden,
313–14
; questions about role of,
6–7
,
315–16
; faces change,
315–17
; and post-Soviet Russia,
318
,
319
; and Mitrokhin,
319
; and Eastern Europe,
320
; ceases to be secret,
321
,
322–3
; new office constructed at Vauxhall Cross,
321
; placed on statutory footing,
322
; staff not permitted to write memoirs,
324
; Tomlinson writes book about his time in,
324–5
; new agenda,
326–8
; Dearlove becomes chief of,
328
; and 9/11,
330–4
; and Afghanistan, after 9/11,
335
337
,
339
; and treatment of detainees,
339–40
,
342
; counter-terrorism work,
7
,
348
,
351–2
,
395
; and Iraq,
353
,
354–5.
357
,
358–9
,
360
,
362–8
,
369
,
370
,
371
,
373
,
374
,
375
,
376
,
377–8
,
380–1
,
382
,
387–8
,
388–9
,
389–93
; and Libya,
383–4
; Scarlett as chief of,
393–5
; and post-Soviet Russia,
395
,
396
; Sawers as chief of,
397
; Afghanistan becomes a dominant focus for,
398
; and authorisations,
399
; continues to aspire to global reach,
400
;
see also
names of officers