Bang!: A History of Britain in the 1980s (101 page)

10
 ‘Selling at a Discount’, leading article,
The Times
, 28 October 1982.

11
 Philip Augar,
The Death of Gentlemanly Capitalism: The Rise and Fall of London’s Investment Banks
(2000), p. 9.

12
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 232.

13
 The Earl of Stockton (Harold Macmillan) sought to clear up the confusion as to what he meant in a speech to the House of Lords on
14 November 1985, 468 HL Deb. cc. 390–1.

14
 Niall Ferguson,
The Cash Nexus: Money and Power in the Modern World 1700–2000
(2001), pp. 59–60.

15
 
Britain Will Win with Labour
, Labour Party general election manifesto, 1987.

16
 Spiller and Vogelsand, ‘Regulation, Institutions and Commitment in the British Telecommunications Sector’, p. 18.

17
 David Kynaston,
The City of London
, vol. 4:
A Club No More 1945–2000
(2001), p. 747.

18
 
Nice-Matin
, 3 November 1982; quoted in Kynaston,
A Club No More
, p. 717.

19
 Augar,
The Death of Gentlemanly Capitalism
, p. 8.

20
 Kynaston,
A Club No More
, p. 631.

21
 Kynaston,
A Club No More
, pp. 664–5.

22
 Dominic Hobson,
The National Wealth: Who Gets What in Britain
(1999), Table 29.6, p. 1063.

23
 Brian Harrison,
Finding a Role?: The United Kingdom, 1970–1990
(2010), p. 10; Dennis Kavanagh and Anthony Seldon,
The Thatcher Effect: A Decade of Change
(1989), p. 15.

24
 Hobson,
The National Wealth
, Table 29.6, p. 1063.

25
 Harrison,
Finding a Role?
, p. 11.

26
 Lord Young,
The Enterprise Years: A Businessman in the Cabinet
(1990), pp. 270–1.

27
 Attributed remark, quoted in the
Financial Times
, 29 November 1991.

28
 Dr John Bridge, quoted in
The Times
, 10 April 1989.

29
 Bernard Attard, ‘The Jobbers of the London Stock Exchange, An Oral History’,
Oral History
, 22, no. 1 (Spring
1994), p. 43.

30
 
Spectator
, 18 October 1986.

31
 John Nott,
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow
(2002), pp. 182–3.

32
 Quoted in Kynaston,
A Club No More
, p. 625.

33
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, pp. 399-400.

34
 Dominic Hobson,
The Pride of Lucifer: The Unauthorized Biography of Morgan Grenfell
(1991), pp. 211, 200.

35
 Michael Lewis,
Liar’s Poker
(1989), pp. 201–2.

36
 Quoted in Augar,
The Death of Gentlemanly Capitalism
, p. 91.

37
 Hobson,
The National Wealth
, Table 31.3, p. 1137.

38
 
Independent
, 3 November 2004.

39
 
Sunday Times
, 11 February 1990.

40
 
The Times
, 3 November 2004.

41
 
Daily Telegraph
, 3 November 2004.

42
 
New York Times
, 19 September 1987.

43
 Quoted in Cathy Courtney and Paul Thompson,
City Lives: The Changing Voices of British Finance
(1996), p. 141.

44
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 818.

45
 Tom Bower,
Maxwell: The Final Verdict
(1996), p. 439.

46
 Quoted in Bower,
Maxwell: The Final Verdict
, p. 305.

47
 Christopher Reeves obituary,
The Times
, 5 December 2007.

48
 Quoted in Courtney and Thompson,
City Lives
, pp. 112–13.

49
 Quoted in Courtney and Thompson,
City Lives
, p. 65.

50
 Philip Augar has suggested that the analogy may be not with the Wimbledon tennis championships but rather with Wimbledon Football
Club, whose owners simply severed the club’s Wimbledon associations and moved to Milton Keynes when it suited them, despite the views and hostility of the club’s supporters. Augar,
The Death of Gentlemanly Capitalism
, p. 321.

51
 
Financial Times
, 13 December 1983.

52
 
Financial Times
, 7 March 1984.

53
 Jack Hennessy of CSFB, quoted in Kynaston,
A Club No More
, p. 690.

54
 Quoted in Kynaston,
A Club No More
, pp. 754–5.

55
 
Financial Times
, 18 September 1985.

56
 Augar,
The Death of Gentlemanly Capitalism
, p. 308.

57
 Quoted in
Sunday Today
, 26 October 1986.

58
 Kynaston,
A Club No More
, p. 713.

59
 Hobson,
The National Wealth
, p. 593.

60
 
Spectator
, 15 March 1986.

61
 Kynaston,
A Club No More
, p. 715.

62
 Quoted in Kynaston,
A Club No More
, pp. 713, 714.

63
 Quoted in Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 816.

64
 
The Times
, 16 March 1988.

65
 Quoted in Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 823.

66
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 824.

67
 Courtney and Thompson,
City Lives
, pp. 96–7.

68
 Andy McSmith,
No Such Thing as Society
(2010), p. 171;
Observer
, 2 January 1994;
Sunday Times
, 14 November
2010.

69
 
The Times
, 4 February 2010; Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs, Table 2.4: ‘Shares of Total Income (before
and after tax) and Income Tax for Percentile Groups, 1990–00 and 2011–12’ (August 2012).

70
 Peter Mandelson, letter to the
Guardian
, 12 January 2008.

71
 Kevin Cahill, ‘Rich Pickings’,
Guardian
, 29 January 2001.

72
 Cahill, ‘Rich Pickings’.

73
 
Sunday Times Rich List
(2008); Hobson,
The National Wealth
, pp. 531–2.

74
 
The Times
, 8 January 1976.

75
 
Sunday Times
, 7 October 2007.

76
 
The Times
, 14 November 1985.

77
 Ann Barr and Peter York,
The Official Sloane Ranger Handbook
(1982), p. 11.

78
 
Oxford English Dictionary
(1989 edition).

79
 
The Times
, 8 August 1983.

80
 
The Times
, 12 June 1987.

81
 Quoted in Graham Stewart,
The History of The Times
, vol. 7:
The Murdoch Years
(2005), p. 313.

82
 Nationwide Building Society survey.

83
 
The Next Moves Forward
, Conservative Party general election manifesto, 1987.

84
 Simon Jenkins,
Thatcher and Sons: A Revolution in Three Acts
(2006), p. 126; Simon Jenkins,
Accountable to None: The
Tory Nationalization of Britain
(1995), p. 179.

85
 Jenkins,
Thatcher and Sons
, p. 127.

86
 
The Times
, 11 December 1990.

87
 Rob Baggott,
Health and Health Care in Britain
(1994), pp. 224–5.

88
 
The Times
, 11 December 1990.

89
 
The Times
, 11 December 1990.

90
 Jenkins,
Thatcher and Sons
, p. 127.

91
 
Financial Times
, 5 November 2010.

92
 Harrison,
Finding a Role?
, p. 171.

93
 Niall Ferguson,
The Ascent of Money: A Financial history of the World
(2008), p. 263.

94
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 745.

Chapter 15

1
 
Daily Express
, 28 December 1989.

2
 
Daily Express
, 28 December 1989.

3
 Independent Radio News, 24 November 1989, quoted in John Campbell,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 2: The Iron Lady
(2003), p.
678.

4
 Campbell,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 2
, p. 673.

5
 Kenneth Baker,
The Turbulent Years: My Life in Politics
(1993), p. 274.

6
 David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh,
The British General Election of 1987
(1988), Appendix 1, p. 283.

7
 
The Times
, 13 June 1987.

8
 Ivor Crewe and Anthony King,
SDP: The Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party
(1995), p. 470.

9
 Butler and Kavanagh,
The British General Election of 1987
, Table A1.2, p. 284.

10
 
79 Group News
, December 1981.

11
 Christopher Harvie,
Fool’s Gold: The Story of North Sea Oil
(1994), p. 345.

12
 Harvie,
Fool’s Gold
, p. 346.

13
 Recollection of Robert Armstrong; quoted in Peter Taylor,
Brits: The War Against the IRA
(2001), p. 268.

14
 Henry Patterson,
Ireland Since 1939
(2002), p. 312.

15
 David Butler, Andrew Adonis and Tony Travers,
Failure in British Government: Politics of the Poll Tax
(1994), p. 28.

16
 Andy McSmith,
No Such Thing as Society
(2010), p. 242.

17
 Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, p. 52.

18
 Rates, Department of Environment white paper; quoted in Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, p.
39.

19
 Baker,
The Turbulent Years
, p. 109.

20
 
The Times
, 20 October 1986, 30 January 1987, 27 August 1988; Alan Sked and Chris Cook,
Post-War Britain: A Political
History
, fourth edition (1993), pp. 458–9.

21
 Campbell,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 2
, p. 544.

22
 Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, p. 62.

23
 Memorandum of 16 May 1985; quoted in Nigel Lawson,
The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical
(1992), p. 574.

24
 Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, pp. 561–2.

25
 Nicholas Ridley,
My Style of Government: The Thatcher Years
(1991), p. 125; Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in
British Government
, pp. 101–3.

26
 Thatcher to the 1922 Committee, July 1987; quoted in Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, p.
107.

27
 Alan Clark,
Diaries
(2000), p. 287 (25 March 1990).

28
 Michael Heseltine to the Commons, 16 December 1987, HC Deb. col. 1141.

29
 Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, pp. 150–1.

30
 Hansard, 2 April 1990 HC Deb. col. 893; quoted in Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, p. 153.

31
 Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, p. 259.

32
 Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, p. 179.

33
 Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British Government
, pp. 2, 180–1.

34
 Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
(1993), p. 642.

35
 Chris Patten to Butler, Adonis and Travers, November 1993; quoted in Butler, Adonis and Travers,
Failure in British
Government
, p. 1.

36
 Thatcher to the Commons, 10 March 1988, HC Deb. vol. 129, col. 517.

37
 Hugo Young,
This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair
(1999), p. 548.

38
 Geoffrey Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
(1994), p. 536.

39
 Clark,
Diaries
, p. 227 (16 September 1988).

40
 Speech to the College of Europe, Bruges, 20 September 1988, Margaret Thatcher Foundation.

41
 
The Times
, 21 September 1988.

42
 Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, pp. 537–8.

43
 Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 899.

44
 Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 572.

45
 Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 588.

46
 Ridley,
My Style of Government
, p. 40.

47
 Sir Alan Walters obituary,
Daily Telegraph
, 5 January 2009;
The Times
, 6 January 2009.

48
 John Major,
The Autobiography
(1999), p. 134.

49
 Major,
The Autobiography
, p. 134.

50
 Michael Spicer,
The Spicer Diaries
(2012), p. 118 (14 January 1987).

51
 Sir Anthony Meyer, obituary,
Daily Telegraph
, 10 January 2005.

52
 Sir Anthony Meyer, obituary,
Daily Telegraph
, 10 January 2005.