BELGRADE

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Authors: David Norris

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BELGRADE

 

 
BELGRADE
 

A CULTURAL HISTORY

 

David A. Norris

 

 

 

Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further
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Copyright © 2009 by David A. Norris
Foreword © 2009 by Svetlana Velmar-Janković

Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016

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Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press

Co-published in Great Britain by Signal Books
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Norris, David A.
Belgrade : a cultural history / David A. Norris.
    p. cm.—(Cityscapes)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–19–537608–1; 978–0–19–537609–8 (pbk.)
1. Belgrade (Serbia)—History. 2. Belgrade (Serbia)—Civilization.
3. Belgrade (Serbia)—Description and travel. I. Title.
DR2118.N67 2008
949.71—dc22 2008025118

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper

Contents
 

F
OREWORD
by Svetlana Velmar-Janković

I
NTRODUCTION
: Reading the City

Someone Else’s Memory

From Tito to Milošević

Chapter One
T
HE FORTRESS ABOVE THE
T
WO
R
IVERS:
T
HE
C
ITY’S
F
OUNDATIONS

Kalemegdan: Position and Prehistorya

From Roman Camp to Serbian Capital

Serbian Rule

Taken by the Turks

Between Turks and Austrians

Reminders of the Past

Around Kalemegdan

The Excursion

Chapter Two
F
ROM
R
EPUBLIC
S
QUARE TO
T
HE
R
IVER
S
AVA:
T
HE
S
ERBIAN
U
PRISINGS AND
L
ATER

Istanbul Gate

First Serbian Uprising 1804-13

The First Uprising in Serbian National Songs

Second Serbian Uprising and Miloš Obrenović

Building on the Sava Slope

Kafana
and Cathedral

Dositej Obradović

Vuk Stefanović Karadžić

Miloš’s Belgrade in Literature

Chapter Three
F
ROM
K
NEZ
M
IHAILO
S
TREET TO THE
R
IVER
D
ANUBE
:T
HE
R
OAD TO
M
ODERNIZATION

Return of the Obrenović Dynasty

End of the Obrenović Dynasty

Names of Places and Districts in Belgrade

Knez Mihailo Street

Republic Square

Student Square

Dorćol

Skadarlija

Education in Nineteenth-Century Belgrade

Painting and Painters in the Nineteenth Century

Nineteenth-Century Literature

Dorćol and Knez Mihailo in Modern Fiction

Chapter Four
T
ERAZIJE AND
K
ING
M
ILAN
S
TREET
: C
APITAL OF
S
ERBIA AND
YUGOSLAVIA

Belgrade Society before the First World War

The First World War and the Creation of Yugoslavia

Terazije

From “Albania” to “Moscow”

King Milan Street

Palace Complex

Performing Arts

The Evolution of Film

Literary Critics and Belgrade Style

Literature before the First World War

Literature after the First World War

Chapter Five
K
ING
A
LEXANDER
B
OULEVARD AND
T
AšMAJDAN
: T
HE
R
ISING
S
TAR OF
C
OMMUNISM

The Second World War and Liberation of Belgrade

Tito’s Yugoslavia

Nikola Pašić Square

King Alexander Boulevard

Tašmajdan and its Neighbourhood

Arts and Politics after 1945

Challenging Ideology

From Red Reels to Black Wave

Literary Images of Belgrade

Symbolic Endings

Chapter Six
K
NEZ
M
ILOš
S
TREET
, D
EDINJE AND
T
OPČIDER
: F
ROM
T
ITO’S
D
EATH TO
C
IVIL
W
AR

Tito’s Last Decade

Belgrade under Sanctions

Gangland Culture

Opposition to Milošević

Knez Miloš Street

Dedinje

House of Flowers

Topčider and Surroundings

Reinterpreting the Past

Belgrade in Literature and Film

Chapter Seven
S
LAVIJA
, E
NGLEZOVAC AND THE
V
RAČAR
P
LATEAU
: B
ELGRADE UNDER A
F
OREIGN
G
AZE

Slavija

Englezovac

Vračar Plateau

Travel Writing from Belgrade

Belgrade Gap

Chapter Eight
T
HE
C
ITY ACROSS THE
R
IVER:
T
WENTY
–F
IRST
C
ENTURY
B
ELGRADE

Zemun

New Belgrade

Popular Music and Youth Culture

Football and Nationalism

NATO’s Bombs

War Films

Today’s Belgrade

City of Contrasts

A
PPENDIX
: Serbian Language and Names of Streets

F
URTHER
R
EADING

I
NDEX OF
L
ITERARY
& H
ISTORICAL
N
AMES

I
NDEX OF
P
LACES
& L
ANDMARKS

Foreword
 

Belgrade is the gateway to the Balkans. It towers over the place where two great rivers meet, the Sava and the Danube. Over the centuries this meeting point has stood for the geographic and political border between the Balkans and the rest of Europe, between East and West. History tells us that this town, lying in the path of all armies who have tried to break in or out of the Balkans, has been destroyed and rebuilt some forty times in the 2,000 years since Christ.

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