Blood and Politics (107 page)

  
7.
Bess Carrick,
Backlash: Race and the American Dream
, 1991, VHS format; Jason Berry, “White Lies: David Duke in the Media Mind,” 1989, essay entered in the Wilson Center Media Studies Essay Competition (describes the many ways journalists tried to cover Duke).

  
8.
“Weekly Update,” Center for Democratic Renewal, January 16, 1990.

  
9.
“Weekly Update,” Center for Democratic Renewal, February 26, 1990.

10.
Steve Gerstel, “Republican Senators Endorse Democratic Colleague,” UPI, October 4, 1990; Alan Sayre, “Louisiana Primary,” Associated Press, October 6, 1991.

11.
Tyler Bridges and Jack Wardlaw, “Defeated Duke Still a Winner with La. Whites,”
The Times-Picayune
, October 8, 1990.

12.
Tyler Bridges,
The Rise of David Duke
(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1994), p. 193.

13.
Penni Crabtree, personal communication to author, January 31, 1991.

14.
Iris Kelso, “For Louisiana Republicans, Tacks in the Catbird Seat,”
The Times-Picayune
, May 16, 1991; Jack Wardlaw, “Roemer, Duke, Holloway triangle,”
The Times-Picayune
, May 1991; Tyler Bridges, “Holloway GOP Pick for La. Governor,”
The Times-Picayune
, June 16, 1991; Roberto Suro, “Duke Is in Runoff in Louisiana Race,”
The New York Times
, October 20, 1991.

15.
Penni Crabtree, personal communication to author about Duke “machine.”

16.
Tyler Bridges, “2 claim victory at GOP Caucus,”
The Times-Picayune
, May 19, 1991.

17.
“State Convention Rules Adopted by the State Central Committee of the Republican Party of Louisiana,” May 11, 1991; 1991 Louisiana Republican State Convention twenty-page program booklet; “Instructions to Duke Delegates,” n.d.

18.
Penni Crabtree, “Into the Heart of Dukeness,”
Details
, April 1992, pp. 22–26; Crabtree, personal communication to author.

19.
Crabtree, “Into the Heart of Dukeness”; Evelyn Rich, communication to the Center for Democratic Renewal after attending the Institute for Historical Review conference, February 1986: “Duke is planning to employ a secretary. NAAWP has taken off in recent months and Duke, recognizing his shortcomings in the area of organization, wants someone to answer his mail in a more personal way.”

20.
Howie Farrell was the campaign manager, Kenny Knight organized the volunteers, the Shreveport office chief was David Touchstone, and Babs Wilson ran the office in Baton Rouge.

21.
Penni Crabtree, in a communication to the author, emphasized the small NAAWP campaign office was unprepared for the volumes of mail Duke received.

22.
Beth Bowman, “Young Republicans to Host Controversial Politician,”
Current Sauce
, Northwestern State University, March 20, 1990; Associated Press, “Young Republicans Chapter Endorses Duke for Senate,” March 31, 1991; Frank Main, “Racist Groups Grow on La. Campuses,”
State-Times
(Baton Rouge), May 16, 1990.

23.
Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism, in-depth telephone survey with 108 questions, July 1990, question 16.

24.
Lance Hill, executive director of the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism, emphasized on many occasions how Duke often pointed to his “controversial past” as proof of his true beliefs and leadership abilities.

25.
David Duke debate with Edwin Edwards,
Meet the Press
, NBC, November 10, 1991, author videotape of the debate. Also see Tyler Bridges,
The Rise of David Duke
, p. 232.

26.
Douglas D. Rose, “Six Explanations in Search of Support: David Duke’s Senate Race,” in Douglas D. Rose, ed.,
The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race
(Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992), p. 157.

27.
Marsha Shuler, “Duke’s Religion Questioned by Some,”
Baton Rouge Morning Advocate
, November 8, 1991.

28.
William F. Buckley, “On the Right: Exit Dukeism?”
National Review
, December 16, 1991, p. 62.

29.
Andrew W. Robertson, “All the Duke’s Men,”
National Review
, December 16, 1991, p. 45; Christopher Hitchens, “Minority Report,”
The Nation
, December 16, 1991; Hitchens cited a
Times-Picayune
poll that revealed 14 percent of Duke voters did not believe he had changed; that would be 73,000 votes in 1991, and he drew over 150,000 in a subsequent congressional race.

30.
Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa,
Almanac of American Politics
, 1992 ed. (Washington, D.C.: National Journal, 1992), p. 500.

31.
Ibid., p. 505.

32.
Sara Diamond,
Roads to Dominion
(New York: Guilford Press, 1995), p. 271.

33.
Lance Hill, “Questions About Duke’s Environmentalism,”
Dialogue
, October 1989.

34.
“A Portrait of Louisiana’s Voters,”
The New York Times
, November 18, 1991.

35.
Ibid.

36.
Ibid.

37.
“How ‘It Can’t Happen Here’ Almost Happened in Louisiana: A Study of the David Duke Phenomenon in the 1990 Senate Race,” Garin-Hart Strategic Research poll sponsored by the Center for National Policy, March 1991.

38.
Rose, “Six Explanations in Search of Support,” in
The Emergence of David Duke
, pp. 172–73.

39.
Rose,
The Emergence of David Duke
; John C. Kuzenski, Charles S. Bullock III, Ronald Keith Gaddie, eds.,
David Duke and the Politics of Race in the South
(Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1995).

40.
Stephen J. Caldas and John C. Kilburn, “A Parish Profile of the David Duke Vote: Socio-demographic, Economic and Voting Propensity Predictors,” in
David Duke and the Politics of Race in the South
.

41.
Rose, “Six Explanations in Search of Support,” p. 178.

42.
Michael Lind,
The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism & the Fourth American Revolution
(New York: Free Press, 1996), pp. 17–139.

43.
Michael W. Giles and Melanie Buckner, “David Duke and the Electoral Politics of Racial Threat,” in
David Duke and the Politics of Race in the South.

44.
Thomas B. Edsall, “Duke’s Voter Appeal Holds Danger for Bush in ’92,”
The Washington Post
, November 17, 1991; Carl M. Cannon, “White On!”
Tropic
magazine insert for
Miami Herald
, February 9, 1992.

45.
Rick Knox, “Duke Campaign: What Happened,”
The Spotlight
, June 1, 1992; Scott Shepard, “David Duke Withdraws from Race for President,” Cox News Service, published in
The Orange County Register
, April 23, 1992; Mathew Levie, “David Duke: Winning by Losing,”
Chicago Tribune
, January 21, 1992; John Roberts, “Duke’s S.C. Manager in Saluda,”
Augusta Herald
, February 17, 1992.

28. Pat Buchanan Runs Through the Republican Presidential Primaries

  
1.
Pat Buchanan, “Duke Challenges the Right,”
From the Right
, October 25, 1991.

  
2.
Pat Buchanan, “Duke’s Challenge to the Right,”
Washington Times
, October 23, 1991.

  
3.
Monte Paulsen, “Buchanan Inc.,”
The Nation
, November 22, 1999.

4.
Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover,
Mad as Hell: Revolt at the Ballot Box, 1992
(New York: Warner Books, 1993), p. 133.

  
5.
Germond and Witcover,
Mad as Hell
, pp. 133, 395.

  
6.
Ibid., p. 152 (final vote tally); Ben Smith III, “Challenger Asks Bush to Quit Race,”
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
, March 5, 1992; James M. Perry and David Rogers, “Buchanan’s Strength in First Primary Is a Big Blow to Bush,”
The Wall Street Journal
, February 19, 1992.

  
7.
“What About Pat,” Stirring
Instauration
, December 1991, p. 28.

  
8.
Mark Sherman, “Duke Loses Bid for Ga. Primary,”
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
, January 22, 1992 (U.S. District Judge); “Court Denies Duke Georgia Ballot Slot,”
Newsday
, February 24, 1992 (Supreme Court refusal).

  
9.
“Duke Couldn’t Duke it Out,”
Valdosta Daily Times
, April 25, 1992; “Duke No Longer a Hazard,”
Marietta Daily Journal
, April 27, 1992.

10.
Rick Knox, “Duke Campaign: What Happened,”
The Spotlight
, June 1, 1992, p. 6.

11.
Peter Applebome, “Duke Plays to Empty Houses as Spotlight Trails Buchanan,”
The New York Times
, March 6, 1992.

12.
Peter Applebome, “Duke’s Followers Lean to Buchanan,”
The New York Times
, March 8, 1992.

13.
“Current Candidates for President,”
The Spotlight
, March 2, 1992.

14.
Boyd Cathey, North Carolina state chair for Buchanan, “Do You Want to Help Pat Buchanan?,” March 1992 (campaign advertisement listing state chairs); “Editorial Advisory Committee,”
The Journal of Historical Review
10 no. 2 (Summer 1990); “Boyd Cathey, Senior Editor,”
Southern Partisan
, fourth quarter 1991, p. 2.

15.
“The Excess of Anti-anti-semitism,”
Southern Partisan
, fourth quarter 1991, p.10.

16.
Leonard Zeskind, “White-Shoed Supremacy,”
The Nation
, June 10, 1996, p. 21 (author interviewed Cathey in April 1996 for this article).

17.
Associated Press, “Buchanan Aide Is Removed over Mixed-Marriage View,”
The New York Times
, January 29, 1992; “Not Buchanan’s Breed,”
Newsday
, January 30, 1992.

18.
Ibid.; “D’Alessio New Chairman in New Jersey,”
The Populist Observer
, February 1992, p. 17.

19.
“Individual Contributions,” Selected List of Receipts and Expenditures, Buchanan for President, 1991–1992, Federal Election Commission.

20.
Metzger had been working the immigration issue for years and regarded Buchanan as an interloper.

21.
Race and Reason
, community access cable TV program series, no. 115, May 23, 1992 (video of Metzger and Buchanan at the border).

22.
“Excerpts From Report on Los Angeles Police,”
The New York Times
, July 10, 1991; Annette Haddad, “LAPD Patrol Car Messages Reveal Racism,” UPI, July 10, 1991;
The Christopher Commission Report: A Background Research Report
, People Against Racist Terror, Los Angeles.

23.
Seth Mydans, “Brutality Issue Remains as Los Angeles Trial Nears,”
The New York Times
, February 3, 1992.

24.
Isabel Wilkerson, “Acquittal in Beating Raises Fears over Race Relations,”
The New York Times
, May 1, 1992.

25.
Seth Mydans, “11 Dead in Los Angeles Rioting,”
The New York Times
, May 1, 1992.

26.
Ted Appel, “Buchanan: Government Total Failure in Response,” UPI, May 6, 1992.

27.
Ronald Brownstein, “Buchanan Links Riot to Border Problem,”
Los Angeles Times
, May 14, 1992.

28.
“Buchanan Lashes Out at L.A. Mayor,”
Los Angeles Times
, reprinted,
The Kansas City Star
, May 16, 1992.

29.
Patrick J. Buchanan, “The War for the Soul of America,” text of May 9, 1992, speech at Liberty University,
Human Events
, May 23, 1992.

30.
Patrick Buchanan, “America First—A Foreign Policy for the Rest of Us,”
From the Right
2, no. 11 (September 1991).

31.
Adam Clymer, “Messages of Warning to Bush and of Hope for Democrats,”
The New York Times
, March 5, 1992 (exit polls by Voter Research and Surveys).

32.
“Mr. Buchanan’s Choice,”
National Review
, March 2, 1992.

33.
David Frum,
Dead Right
(New York: Basic Books, 1994), pp. 125–26 (Frum quotes Buchanan: “the conservative movement . . . had been hijacked”); Charles Krauthammer, “Buchanan’s Agenda Control by ’96 of the Paleo-Right,” Washington Post Writers Group, November 22, 1991.

34.
Samuel Francis, “The Buchanan Revolution II,” in
Revolution from the Middle
(Raleigh, N.C.: Middle American Press, 1997), p. 141.

35.
Samuel T. Francis, “The Front Line States: The Realities of Southern Africa,” Heritage Foundation Background no. 78, Heritage Foundation, 1979; Samuel T. Francis, “Latin American Terrorism: The Cuban Connection,” Heritage Foundation Background no. 104, Heritage Foundation, 1979; Samuel T. Francis, “Terrorism and Prevention,”
Policy Review
13 (Summer 1980); Nat Hentoff, “The Terrorists of Libel: The Consequences of Dissent,”
Inquiry
, September 14, 1981; citations from Keith Hurt,
Samuel Todd Francis: A Bibliography
, n.d., communication to author.

36.
“Roger Pearson,” Biographies, Institute for the Study of Academic Racism,
www.ferris.edu/isar/bios/Pearbib.htm
(accessed November 23, 2004).

37.
Samuel Francis, “Message from MARs,” in Robert Whitaker, ed.,
The New Right Papers
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982), p. 68.

38.
E. Litwak, N. Hooyman, and D. Warren, “Ideological Complexity and Middle America Rationality,”
Public Opinion Quarterly
37 (Fall 1973); Don Warren, “Middle American Radicals,”
The Nation
, August 17, 1974; Donald I. Warren,
The Radical Center: Middle Americans and the Politics of Alienation
(Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1976).