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34
Fort,
Prof
, 217.
35
Hammond,
Food
, Vol. I, 102, 235; Kamtekar, “A Different War Dance,” 213.
36
Hancock and Gowing,
British War Economy
, 263; Harrod,
The Prof
, 201; Birkenhead,
The Professor and the Prime Minister
, 228–229; MacDougall,
Don and Mandarin
, 31.
37
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 762.
38
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power 1942
–
7
, Vol. II, 505; Sinha and Khera,
Indian War Economy
, 73.
39
Prest,
War Economics of Primary Producing Countries
, 31; Bose and Jalal,
Modern South Asia
, 157.
40
Kamtekar, “A Different War Dance,” 191.
41
De, “Imperial Governance and the Challenges of War,” 20; William A. Barnes, CSAC, Box 8.
42
Tendulkar,
Mahatma
, Vol. VI, 46–47; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power 1942
–
7
, Vol. II, 590.
43
Quoted in Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 123–131; Loveday,
The History and Economics of Indian Famines
, 136–138; Greenough,
Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal
, 278–285; Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 36; Dutt,
India To-day
, 133.
44
Quoted in Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 31; Habib,
Essays in Indian History
, 305–306; Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
,18.
45
Wolf,
Europe and the People Without History
, 261.
46
Jennings,
Speeches of the Right Honourable Lord Randolph Churchill
, Vol. II, 266–267; quoted in Dutt,
The Economic History of India
, Vol. I, 172–173; Bose,
South Asia and World Capitalism
, 214.
47
Basu,
The Ruin of Indian Trade and Industries
, 7, 124; Dutt,
The Economic History of India
, Vol. I, 202, 192, and Vol. II, 69.
48
Quoted in Dutt,
The Economic History of India
, Vol. I, 172; Bhatia,
Famines in India
, 22.
49
Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 37; Kumar,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, Vol. II, 873; Dutt,
Speeches and Papers on Indian Questions
, 48.
50
Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 33; Naoroji,
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
, 214–216; Bhatia,
Famines in India
, 9; Shrivastava,
The History of Indian Famines
, 360–361.
51
Bhatia,
Famines in India
, 38–39; Kumar,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, Vol. II, 850–851.
52
Hunter,
Famine Aspects of Bengal Districts
, 15–17; Naoroji,
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
, 216; Connell, “Indian Railways and Indian Wheat,” 242–247, 256.
53
Bhatia,
Famines in India
, 106, 122; Nash,
The Great Famine and Its Causes
, 139.
54
Kumar,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, Vol. II, 873; Atkinson, “Rupee Prices in India,” 530.
55
Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 130, 128; Maharatna,
The Demography of Famines
, 15; Bhatt, “Mortality and Fertility in India,” 111.
56
Churchill and Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. II, 102; Churchill,
India
, 82; James,
Churchill
, 259.
57
Ghose, “Food Supply and Starvation,” 376; Chattopadhyay, “Notes Towards an Understanding of the Bengal Famine of 1943,” 124–125; Nanavati Papers, Vol. I, 226; Bose,
Agrarian Bengal
, 23–24.
58
Ghosh,
Famines in Bengal
, 31.
59
Chakrabarti, “Archeology of Coastal West Bengal,” 135–160.
60
Majumdar,
History of Mediaeval Bengal
, 183.
Chapter Three
1
Quoted in Connell,
Wavell: Supreme Commander
, 31, 19.
2
Sinha and Khera,
Indian War Economy
, 323; Hauner,
India in Axis Strategy
, 268; Connell,
Wavell
, 30; Gilbert,
The Churchill War Papers
, Vol. II, 758; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 641.
3
WO 208/819A; Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, 304.
4
Roosevelt,
As He Saw It
, 37.
5
Ibid., 34–39; Reynolds,
In Command of History
, 54. Elliot Roosevelt’s book has been described as unreliable because some remembered conversations were rendered as actual speech, but the information it contains on India is consistent with that from other sources.
6
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 710; Hess,
America Encounters India
, 28; AMEL 7/36, Diary, January 8, 1942.
7
Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 209.
8
Schofield,
Wavell: Soldier & Statesman
, 256; Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, 142.
9
Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, 147; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 725.
10
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 722.
11
Ibid., 751; Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, 167.
12
Sinha and Khera,
Indian War Economy
, 55.
13
Hess,
America Encounters India
, 37; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 310, 328; Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 209–210.
14
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 729, 769; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 166, 239.
15
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 676, 776.
16
Quoted in Roy, “Military Loyalty in the Colonial Context,” 503.
17
CAB 113/1, Prime Minister’s Personal Minute, Serial No. M. 1044/1; CAB 121/111, “War Cabinet: Oversea Defence Committee,” January 22, 1942; WO 193/137, “Secretary of State to Government of India, Defence Dept.,” January 30, 1942.
18
WO 106/3796, “Plan for the Defence of North-East India,” February 12, 1942; WO 193/137, “Secretary of State to Government of India,” March 27, 1942; WO 193/137, “Govr. General, Defence Dept., to S. of S. for India,” March 31, 1942.
19
WO 106/3796, “Fifth Column in India,” April 23, 1942; CSAC, Olaf M. Martin Papers, Memoir, 233, 241; Nanavati Papers, Vol. I, 39.
20
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 544, 547; Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 94.
21
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 545–546; Woodhead,
Famine Inquiry Commission
, 26.
22
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 543, 546; Bera,
Janajuddha Patrika
, 98; Gupta,
Towards Freedom
, Vol. II, 1831.
23
Mitra,
Tin Kuri Dash
, 140–141; Afroz,
Bengal Famine 1943
; Sengupta,
Bangosanghar Ebong
, 35.
24
Huq,
Bengal Today
, 12; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. III, 211.
25
MT 59/657, “Imports of Cereals into India”; Woodhead,
Famine Inquiry Commission
, 28.
26
Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas,
Roosevelt and Churchill
, 191–192.
27
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 395, 400.
28
Ibid., 396; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 783; Tendulkar,
Mahatma
, 72.
29
Moore,
Churchill, Cripps, and India
, 111–112.
30
Ibid., 116, 119; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 722; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 794.
31
Johnson, Telegram to Secretary of State; Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas,
Roosevelt and Churchill
, 202–203.
32
Hess,
America Encounters India
, 40; Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins
, Vol. 2, 109.
33
Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas,
Roosevelt and Churchill
, 204.
34
Hess,
America Encounters India
, 82.
35
Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 219–220.
36
WO 193/127, Armindia to Air Ministry, April 14, 1942; Connell,
Wavell
, 223–224.
37
Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 186; CAB 195/1, W.M. (42) 56th Meeting, 25.
38
WO 106/3796, C. in C. India to War Office, May 1, 1942; WO 106/3796, “C. in C. India to War Office,” May 29, 1942; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 822; CAB 195/1, W.M. (42) 96th Meeting, 82.
39
Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 363.
40
Hauner,
India in Axis Strategy
, 389, 435.
41
WO 106/3796, C. in C. India to War Office, May 1, 1942; WO 193/127, “Chiefs of Staff Committee, Meeting to be Held on 4th February, 1942,” February 3, 1942; Kirby,
War Against Japan
, Vol. II, 47.
42
Branson,
British Soldier in India
, 9, 16.
43
Ibid., 11.
44
Ibid., 16.
45
Ibid., 12, 34–35.
46
Ibid., 71.
47
Ibid., 30–31, 84.
48
Tendulkar,
Mahatma
, 75, 105, 81.
49
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 363, 376–377; James,
Raj
, 563.
50
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 532–533; quoted in Hess,
America Encounters India
, 79.
51
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 621–624.
52
Quoted in Moore,
Churchill, Cripps, and India
, 37; Greenough, “Political Mobilization,” 359–360; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 557–558.
53
Branson,
British Soldier in India
, 18–19.
54
Ibid., 23, 26.
55
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 747, 908; Voigt,
India in the Second World War
, 166; Louis,
Imperialism at Bay
, 33; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 830.
56
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. III, 3.
57
CHUR 2/43 A “India: Government Policy,” 2, 3; Branson,
British Soldier in India
, 29; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 961, 978.
58
Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 509.
Chapter Four
1
Dhara,
Probaho
, 112–113, 120; Greenough, “Political Mobilization,” 362–364.
2
Dhara,
Probaho
, 114–115.
3
Ibid., 115–116;
Biplabi
, “Donipurer gulir kese saja,” 203.
4
Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 133.
5
Ibid., 134.
6
Ibid., 135–136.
7
Ibid., 138–139.
8
Ibid., 137–138, 162–163.
9
Also see ibid., 152. His account has a single aircraft dropping two bombs.
10
Dhara,
Probaho
, 121.
11
Ibid., 122.
12
Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 146.
13
Ibid., 147; Dhara,
Probaho
, 123–124.
14
Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 159–160.
15
Ibid., 165.
16
Maity,
Quit India Movement
, 35.
17
Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 168–70, 327; Brennan, “Government Famine Relief in Bengal,” 549; Bose,
Agrarian Bengal
, 248.
18
Stephens,
Monsoon Morning
, 71; Mitra,
Tin Kuri Dash
, 148; India Office Records, R/3/2/37, October 26, 1942.
19
Biplabi
, “Mohisadal thana,” 40.
20
Anonymous, “Cyclone Havoc in Bengal,”
The Statesman
, November 3, 1942; Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 167–170.
21
Dhara,
Probaho
, 132; Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 179.
22
Dhara,
Probaho
, 133; Maity,
Quit India Movement
, 33.
23
Dhara,
Probaho
, 141–142.
24
Branson,
British Soldier in India
, 40–43.
25
CSAC, Pinnell Papers, Memoir, 98.
26
Ibid., 99; Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 441, 447.
27
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 442–444; CSAC, Martin Papers, Memoir, 250.
28
Nanavati Papers, Vol. III, 834; Bose,
Agrarian Bengal
, 24.
29
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 441; Nanavati Papers, Vol. V, 1333.
30
Nanavati Papers File 6B; quoted in Law-Smith, “Response and Responsibility,” 61; pictured in the documentary
The Forgotten Famine
, Uden Associates for U.K. Channel 4, 1997.
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