Citizen Emperor (173 page)

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Authors: Philip Dwyer

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71
.
Corr.
xii. n. 9806 (13 February 1806).
72
.
Talleyrand,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 100–1.
73
.
Corr.
nos. 15218 and 15219 (17 May 1809).
74
.
Victor Bindel,
Un rêve de Napoléon: le Vatican à Paris (1809–1814)
(Paris, 1943), pp. 14, 87, 143.
75
.
Yves Bercé, ‘Rome, 1796–1814’, in Bruno Foucart (ed.),
Camille de Tournon: le préfet de la Rome napoléonienne: 1809–1814
(Boulogne-Billancourt, 2001), pp. 25–32, here p. 30.
76
.
Corr.
xx. n. 16263 (17 February 1810).
77
.
Bartolomeo Pacca,
Oeuvres complètes du cardinal B. Pacca
, 2 vols (Paris, 1845), i. p. 113.
78
.
Sébastien Joseph Comeau de Charry,
Souvenirs des guerres d’Allemagne pendant la Révolution et l’Empire
(Paris, 1900), p. 428.
79
.
Corr.
xix. n. 15528 (15 July 1809).
80
.
Lecestre (ed.),
Lettres inédites
, i. p. 317 (20 June 1809).
81
.
Corr.
xix. n. 15383 (19 June 1809).
82
.
Etienne Radet,
Mémoires du général Radet
(Saint-Cloud, 1892), pp. 169–86.
83
.
Corr.
xix. n. 15555 (18 July 1809).
84
.
Corr.
xix. n. 15578 (23 July 1809); Cambacérès,
Lettres inédites à Napoléon
, ii. p. 703 (30 July 1809).
85
.
Corr.
xix. n. 15634 (10 August 1809).
86
.
Lecestre (ed.),
Lettres inédites
, i. pp. 362–3 (15 September 1809).
87
.
Melchior-Bonnet,
Napoléon et le Pape
, pp. 195–7.
88
.
Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, p. 338.
89
.
Girardin,
Mémoires, journal et souvenirs
, i. p. 343.
90
.
On Josephine’s expenses see Frédéric Masson,
Joséphine répudiée (1809–1814
) (Paris, 1901), pp. 98–105; Rémusat,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 342–7; Ernest John Knapton,
Empress Josephine
(Cambridge, Mass., 1964), pp. 264–5.
91
.
Masson,
Napoléon et sa famille
, i. pp. 327–8.
92
.
According to Claire de Rémusat,
Mémoires de Mme de Rémusat 1802–1808
, introduction and notes by Charles Kunstler (Paris, 1957), p. 71; McLynn,
Napoleon
, pp. 300–1.
93
.
See Masson,
Napoléon et les femmes
; Alain Pigeard,
Napoléon amoureux
(Paris, 2007), pp. 81–148; Lilly Marcou,
Napoléon et les femmes
(Paris, 2008), pp. 216–27.
94
.
Masson,
Joséphine répudiée
, pp. 27–8; Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, p. 331; Lentz,
Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire
, i. p. 436. Eléonore returned to Paris three husbands and three decades later as the wife of the Bavarian ambassador.
95
.
Correspondance inédite de Napoléon Ier, de la famille impériale et de divers personnages avec Pauline Borghèse
(Paris, 1939), pp. 30, 32, 37; Girardin,
Mémoires, journal et souvenirs
, i. p. 339.
96
.
Berlier,
Précis de la vie politique
, pp. 111–12.
97
.
Caulaincourt,
Memoirs
, i. p. 89.
98
.
Vandal,
Napoléon et Alexandre
, i. p. 461.
99
.
See, for example, the police report dated 11 February 1808, in Hauterive,
La police secrète du premier Empire
, iv. p. 54. They appear to have reached the army on campaign in Germany around the beginning of 1810 (Parquin,
Souvenirs
, p. 207).
 
100
. Roderick Phillips,
Family Breakdown in Late Eighteenth-Century France: Divorces in Rouen, 1792–1803
(Oxford, 1980), pp. 159–65; Roderick Phillips,
Putting Asunder: A History of Divorce in Western Society
(Cambridge, 1988), pp. 405–12; Roderick Phillips,
Untying the Knot: A Short History of Divorce
(Cambridge, 1991), pp. 74–80.
 
101
. Frédéric Masson,
Mme Bonaparte
(Paris, 1920), pp. 336–7; Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, p.6.
 
102
. Bertrand,
Cahiers de Sainte-Hélène
, iii. pp. 98–9.
 
103
. Elie Faure,
Napoléon
(Paris, 1983), pp. 103–11.
 
104
. Masson,
Napoléon et les femmes
; Rémusat,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 86–95; Caulaincourt,
Memoirs
, ii. pp. 330–1.
 
105
. Caulaincourt,
Memoirs
, ii. pp. 322, 331.
 
106
. For what follows, Bausset,
Mémoires anecdotiques
, i. pp. 369–74; Hortense,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 44–6; Turquan,
L’Impératrice Joséphine
, pp. 182–5; Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, pp. 338–9.
 
107
. Patricia Mainardi,
Husbands
,
Wives, and Lovers: Marriage and its Discontents in Nineteenth-Century France
(New Haven, 2003), pp. 12–14. On the divorce see Masson,
Joséphine répudiée
, pp. 1–110; Welschinger,
Le Divorce de Napoléon
; Lentz,
Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire
, i. pp. 496–9.
 
108
. Chatel de Brancion,
Le sacre de Napoléon
, pp. 139–40.
 
109
. Hauterive,
La police secrète du premier Empire
, iv. p. 54 (11 February 1808).
 
110
. Chatel de Brancion,
Cambacérès
, pp. 496–7.
 
111
. Hortense,
Mémoires
, ii. p. 54.
 
112
. Lavalette,
Mémoires
, p. 263.
 
113
. Lavalette,
Mémoires
, p. 265. Hortense,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 44–5, describes another occasion on which Napoleon cried at the thought of being ‘abandoned’.
 
114
. A similar sentiment is expressed by McLynn,
Napoleon
, p. 465.
 
115
. Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, pp. 345–6.

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