City of God (Penguin Classics) (199 page)

80
. cf. ch. 5.

81
. Gen. 11, 32.

82
. Gen. 12,1.

83
. Gen. 12,4.

84
. ‘
The fire of the Chaldeans
’. There was a Jewish legend, related by Jerome (
Quaest. Hebr. in Gen
., 19) that Abraham was put in a fire for refusing to worship the Chaldean fire-god. ‘Ur of the Chaldeans’ becomes, for this story, ‘the fire of the Chaldeans’.

85
. Acts 7, 2ff.

86
. The bracketed clause is not in the text of Acts.

87
. Gen. 12, 1ff.

88
. The
Chronicle
of Eusebius (translated and continued by Jerome) gives 505 years from Abraham’s birth to the Fxodus, and Abraham’s age as seventy-five when the promise was given – hence St Augustine’s 430 years.

89
. Gal. 3,17.

90
. cf. Bk XVIII, 2ff.

91
. cf. Bk IV, 6.

92
. i.e. the Roman province of Asia.

93
. e.g. Sallust
(Jug
., 17, 3).

94
. Gen. 12,7.

95
. Gen. 12,10–20.

96
.
Adv. Faust Man
., 22, 36.

97
. Gen. 13,8f.

98
. Gen. 13, 14ff.

99
. cf. ch. 26.

100
. Gen. 13,18.

101
. Gen. 14.

102
. Hebr. 7. The Pauline authorship of the epistle was generally accepted in the East by the third century, though Origen doubted it. The West in general rejected the attribution, and in North Africa Barnabas was said to be the author.

103
. Ps. 110,4.

104
. Gen. 15, 1–5.

105
. Astronomer-poet, of third century
B.C.

106
. Astronomer of fourth century
B.C.

107
. Gen. 15,6; Gal. 3,6; Rom. 4, 3.

108
. Gen. 15, 7.

109
. Gen. 15, 18ff. (The Old Latin, translating LXX).

110
. Luke 1, 34.

111
. cf. 1 Sam. 15.

112
. Matt. 24, 21.

113
. Gen. 11, 32.

114
. Gal. 3,17.

115
. cf. 1 Cor. 3,11–15; and cf. Bk XXI, 26.

116
. The modern El Arish.

117
. cf. Bk. XV, 2.

118
. As the Manicheans alleged; cf.
Adv. Faust. Man
.,22, 30.

119
. 1 Cor. 7,4.

120
. Gen. 16,6.

121
. Gen. 15,4.

122
.
Abram
=‘the Father is exalted’; Abraham is meaningless, but explained here by assonance with
h
ā
m
ō
n
= ‘multitude’.

123
.
Sarah
=‘princess’:
Sarai
is obscure.

124
. Gen. 17,1–21.

125
. Gen. 17,14.

126
. cf. Rom. 5, 12. (The Latin versions give
in quo
(‘in whom’)
for the Greek . The English versions interpret it as ‘in that’, which is almost certainly correct.)

127
. Gen. 2, 17.

128
. Ecclus. 14,17.

129
. Rom. 4,15.

130
. Ps. 119,119.

131
. Gen. 17, 5f.; 16.

132
. cf. ch. 26n.

133
. Heb. 11, 11. St Augustine’s impossible explanation of
Sarah
seems to be an inference from this text; cf. 2on.

134
. Rom. 4,19; cf. Hebr. 11,12.

135
. Gen. 18,2f.

136
. Gen. 19, 2.

137
. Gen. 19, 16ff.

138
. Gen. 19, 21 (LXX).

139
. Hebr. 13, 2.

140
. Gen. 18, 8.

141
. Gen. 19, 24ff.

142
. Gen. 20, 12.

143
.
Isaac
in Hebrew means ‘he laughs’.

144
. Gen. 17, 16.

145
. Gen. 21, 6.

146
. cf. Gal 4, 22–6.

147
. Bom. 9, 8.

148
. Hebr. 11, 17ff. (in a variant version).

149
. Rom. 8, 32.

150
. But the crown of thorns was the work of Roman soldiers; cf. Mark 15. 16f.; John 19, 1.

151
. Gen. 22, 10ff.

152
. Gen. 22,14.

153
. Gen. 22, 15ff.

154
. Gen. 17, 17.

155
. Acts 7, 4.

156
. Gen. 24, 2f.

157
. Gal. 4, 24.

158
. Gen. 16, 3.

159
. Gen. 25, 1ff.

160
. The Montanista, apocalyptic enthusiasts of the late second century. They developed sternly ascetic traits, especially in Roman Africa, cf. Aug.,
De Haer.
, 26.

161
. Gen. 25, 23.

162
. Rom. 9, 11ff.

163
. e.g.
Exp
.
ex
.
Ep
.
ad Rom
.;
De Div
.
Quaest
.
ad Simplic
.;
Quaest in
Hept.

164
. cf. Gen. 25, 30.

165
. Gen. 26, 1–5.

166
. Gen. 26, 24.

167
. Gen. 25, 29–34.

168
. Gen. 25, 27. ‘Simple’ here probably means ‘settled’, ‘quiet, in contrast with the restless hunter.

169
. Gen. 27, 27ff.

170
.
Sacramentum
, an event with an allegorical significance, forming part of the divine plan.

171
. Gen. 27, 33.

172
. Gen. 28, 1ff.

173
.
Beer-sheba
.

174
. Beth-el.

175
. Gen. 28, 10–19.

176
. John 1, 47; 51.

177
. cf. 1 Cor. 7, 4.

178
.
Israel
probably means ‘God perseveres’; but in Gen. 32, 28, it is interpreted as ‘One who perseveres with God’. St Augustine here adopts a popular etymology deriving the name from iïsh, ‘man’, raäaäh, ‘see’, and
‘el
, ‘God’.

179
. Ps. 18, 45 (LXX).

180
. Gen. 46, 26 (66 persons); 27 (LXX) (9 descendants of Jacob); cf. Acts, 7, 14.

181
. The problem arises from the
LXX
(and therefore also the Old Latin Version), not from the Hebrew text.

182
. Gen. 49, 8–12

183
. Adv. Faust Man., 12, 42.

184
. John 10, 18.

185
. John 2, 19.

186
. John 19, 30.

187
. Ps. 23, 5 (LXX).

188
. Cor. 3, 2; cf. Pet 2, 21.

189
. Gen. 25, 23.

190
. Gen. 48, 19.

191
. Exod. 1.

192
. Exod. 2, 1–15.

193
. Exod. 7–12; 14.

194
. Exod. 12, 1–11.

195
. Luke 11, 20.

196
. Exod. 31,18.

197
. Jesus is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew Joshua, used in
LXX
and simply transliterated in St Augustine’s Old Latin Version, the Old Testament Joshua being called
Jesus
Nave (‘son of Nun’) to distinguish him from the Jesus of the New Testament

198
. cf. ch. 28.

199
.
Infans
in Latin means literally ‘not speaking’.

200
. cf. ch. 14.

1
. Jer. 25, 11.

2
. Gen. 12, 1f.

3
. Gen. 12, 3.

4
. Gen. 15, 18.

5
. cf. 1 Kings 4, 21.

6
. cf. Gal. 4, 21–31.

7
. 2 Sam. 12,1–15.

8
. Jer. 31, 31ff.

9
. cf. Gen. 15, 1.

10
. 1 Sam. 2, l-10.

11
.
hannaäh
= ‘grariousness’.

12
. Ps. 48, 2.

13
. Luke 1, 28.

14
. cf. 2 Tim. 2, 9.

15
. Luke 2, 29f.

16
. Gal. 6, 3.

17
. Rom. 10, 3.

18
. cf. Ps. 94, 11.

19
. Ps. 6, 2.

20
. cf. Gal. 4, 21–31.

21
. cf. Rev. 1, 4. On seven as a ‘perfect number’ cf. Bk xi, 30f.; xv, 20; xx, 5.

22
. Prov. 9, 1.

23
. cf. 2 Cor. 3, 6–16.

24
. Col. 3, 1; cf. Rom. 6, 8.

25
. Col. 3, 3.

26
. Rom. 8, 21.

27
. Ps. 16, 10.

28
. cf. 2 Cor. 8, 9.

29
. Jas. 4, 6.

30
. 2 Cor. 8, 6.

31
. Ps. 16, 10.