Collision Course: Endless Growth on a Finite Planet (53 page)

15 Conclusion

1
. Chakrabarty 2009.

2
. “Human processes—primarily the manufacture of fertilizer for food production and the cultivation of leguminous crops—convert around 120 million tonnes of N from the atmosphere per year into reactive forms—which is more than the combined effects from all Earth’s terrestrial processes” (Rockström et al. 2009, 474).

3
. Vitousek et al. 1986.

4
. Rockström et al. 2009.

5
. Beckerman 1972; Socolow cited in Kaysen 1972; Simon 1982.

6
. O’Connor 1994, 159.

7
.
Sydney Morning Herald
8b; Graham Bradley, then President of the Business Council of Australia, speaking to Fran Kelly on December 1, 2010 (Kelly 2010).

8
. Arndt 1978.

9
. Krueger 2004.

10
. Escobar 1995, 80.

11
. Mshana 2004.

12
. Milios 2005, 212.

13
. UN Development Programme 2005, 18; Fuentes-Nieva and Galasso 2014.

14
. Citigroup 2006, 1.

15
. Edward 2006, 1677.

16
. The UNICEF report (Ortiz and Cummins 2011) is calculated using statistics from the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, and Eurostat; this may explain the variation from Edward’s work with density curves. Such calculations are always affected by uncertainties in the surveys of third world countries and by revisions in the methods of the data collectors.

17
. World Commission on Environment and Development 1987, 5–6.

18
. World Bank 2007; 2012.

19
. Mshana 2007, 7.

20
. Li 2009.

21
. Sachs 1999, 39.

22
. Meadows, Meadows, and Randers 2004, xx.

23
. Weaver 1977, 188.

24
. The vote on the first Wilderness Act of 1964, which designated nine million acres, was passed 73 to 12 in the US Senate and 373 to 1 in the House (Oreskes 2011).

25
. Oreskes 2011.

26
. Passell, Roberts, and Ross 1972.

27
. Rockström et al. 2009.

28
. Daly 2008.

29
. See the appendix (Richard Sanders) for a brief explanation of this practice.

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