Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (154 page)
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Clovis
[Na].
[Na].
Son of Childeric and king of the Franks in the late 5th and early 6th centuries
ad
who undertook a series of conquests which extended his kingdom over much of central and eastern Gaul. In ad 507 he defeated the Visigoths and annexed the southwest of Gaul. He died
c.
ad 511.
ad
who undertook a series of conquests which extended his kingdom over much of central and eastern Gaul. In ad 507 he defeated the Visigoths and annexed the southwest of Gaul. He died
c.
ad 511.
Clovis, New Mexico, USA
[Si].
[Si].
A town in eastern New Mexico which gives its name to the Clovis Culture because numerous Clovis points have been found nearby at kill sites associated with the remains of butchered mammoth.
[Rep.: J. L. Cotter , 1938, The occurrence of flints and extinct animals in pluvial deposits near Clovis, New Mexico, Part VI: Report on the Field Season of 1937.
Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science
, 90, 113–17; J. Warnica , 1966, New discoveries at the Clovis Site.
American Antiquity
, 31, 345–57]
[Rep.: J. L. Cotter , 1938, The occurrence of flints and extinct animals in pluvial deposits near Clovis, New Mexico, Part VI: Report on the Field Season of 1937.
Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science
, 90, 113–17; J. Warnica , 1966, New discoveries at the Clovis Site.
American Antiquity
, 31, 345–57]
Clovis Culture
[CP].
[CP].
Early Palaeo-Indian culture dating to the period 9500–9000 bc and represented widely over the central and southern Plains area of North America. Clovis Culture communities are well known as big game hunters, especially fond of mammoth and bison. They also took smaller game such as deer and rabbits, and used plant resources too. They are mainly recognized archaeologically by a distinctive chipped stone industry which includes Clovis points. The Clovis Culture is sometimes referred to as the Llano.
Clovis point
[Ar].
[Ar].
Bifacially worked stone or flint point with an elongated symmetrical outline, parallel sides, an even point, and a hollow base caused by the removal of a fluted flake, dated to
c.
9500–9000 bc. Type-artefact of the Clovis Culture, although examples have been found over most of the USA, parts of southern Canada, and in central America.
c.
9500–9000 bc. Type-artefact of the Clovis Culture, although examples have been found over most of the USA, parts of southern Canada, and in central America.
Cluniacs
[Ge].
[Ge].
A Roman Catholic monastic order established in ad 910 of which the abbey of Cluny near Maçon, France, was the parent house. All the daughter houses spread across Europe owed allegiance to Cluny. This order became extremely powerful and wealthy, its buildings ornate, and its services elaborate. By the 16th century
ad
there were about 2000 Cluniac houses across Europe.
ad
there were about 2000 Cluniac houses across Europe.
Clyde cairn
[MC].
[MC].
A regional group of middle Neolithic
LONG BARROWS
defined in 1969 by Jack Scott and found widely scattered across southwestern Scotland, especially around the Clyde Valley. Scott argued that the Clyde cairns developed out of small simple megalithic structures which he called ‘protomegaliths’, in many cases being the physical elaboration of these early structures on the same site. The Clyde cairns are characterized by rectangular and trapezoidal mounds, stone-built chambers comprising linear groups of cells at the higher and wider end of the mound, concave or recessed forecourts, and a façade of large stones set around the back of the forecourt, usually diminishing in height outwards from the entrance to the chambers. Collective inhumation is the usual burial rite, although cremations are sometimes present. Grave goods are rare.
LONG BARROWS
defined in 1969 by Jack Scott and found widely scattered across southwestern Scotland, especially around the Clyde Valley. Scott argued that the Clyde cairns developed out of small simple megalithic structures which he called ‘protomegaliths’, in many cases being the physical elaboration of these early structures on the same site. The Clyde cairns are characterized by rectangular and trapezoidal mounds, stone-built chambers comprising linear groups of cells at the higher and wider end of the mound, concave or recessed forecourts, and a façade of large stones set around the back of the forecourt, usually diminishing in height outwards from the entrance to the chambers. Collective inhumation is the usual burial rite, although cremations are sometimes present. Grave goods are rare.
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